Pakistan journal of science最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of TUVA a growth biostimulant growth regulator based on plant origin amino acid blend and its impact on the performance of Tomato, Cucumber, and Paprika (Bell pepper) under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"O. Çelak, M. Tariq, Z. Sultan, O. Sagdic, M. Yousaf, G. Abbas","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.835","url":null,"abstract":"In a greenhouse study on tomato, cucumber, and paprika, the effectiveness of TUVA product, a biostimulant and plant growth regulator manufactured from plant-origin amino acids used as organic fertilizer, was assessed. The goal of this study was to determine whether using the TUVA biostimulant, which is based on soybean and seaweed extracts and contains rich microelements essential for plant growth, can ensure good crop yield and quality in tomato, cucumber, and paprika plants growth and productivity. Over six months, the study was held in Mersin, Turkey, at three distinct sites. We looked at the physiological reactions of tomato, cucumber, and paprika plants that were grown in greenhouses and given TUVA biostimulant treatments. The use of the TUVA biostimulant increased plant height by 15% and biomass by 20%, as well as the number of fruits produced and total yield (up to 20.2%). The findings demonstrated that the TUVA product considerably improved all three crops' tonnage, homogeneous size, fruit quantity, and earliness. The fruits' quality was also improved by the TUVA product, which increased their marketability. The findings demonstrate a substantial positive correlation (R=0.9) between the TUVA product and each of the three crops' properties. The correlation coefficients further demonstrate the significant relationship (p ≤0.05) among variables. According to the trial's findings, the TUVA product has promise as a plant growth regulator for usage in greenhouse environments. It can considerably (p ≤0.05) increase the productivity and quality of tomato, cucumber, and paprika crops, and it is safe to use. According to the findings of this research, TUVA is a promising novel growth biostimulant that has the potential to enhance the performance of tomato, cucumber, and paprika plants cultivated in greenhouse environments. The methods by which TUVA improves plant development and productivity need more investigation, but the results of this study indicate that TUVA is a useful tool for producers who want to raise the yield and quality of their crops.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85342428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHILO INFUSCATELLUS SNELLEN'S (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) BIOLOGY AND ITS MANAGEMENT","authors":"S. H. Shah, S. Sattar, J. Khan, I. Khan, M. U. Din, A. Jan, S. Hussain, M. Jamil","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.817","url":null,"abstract":"SUGARCANE stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus is the most devastating pest, causing huge economic losses in the sub-tropics and therefore requiring effective management strategies. The current research was conducted to study the biology and management of C. infuscatellus. Moreover, we checked the efficacy of Trichogramma chilonis and granular insecticides against this key pest. Theincubation period for C. infuscatellus was 2.30 days, with a total developing time of 23.30 days for the larvae and 5.90 days for the pupa. Male and female C. infuscatellus had a 36.80-day and 38.00-day total life span, respectively, with the female living longer (4.8 days) than the male (3.90 days). The total female fecundity was 315.90 eggs with a 90.87 egg hatchability rate. The mean percent parasitism (87.01%) and percentage of adult emergence (76.11%) of T. chilonis on C. infuscatellus were both very high, with a total developmental time of 8.74 days in laboratory environment. Additionally, there were notable differences between the findings on the effectiveness of granular pesticides and T. chilonis in the field. The plot treated with Fipronil had the least mean percent infestations (3.58%), followed by Carbofuran (4.26%), and T. chilonis (5.63%). The control plot had the highest mean incidence of infestations (13.34%). Future IPM initiatives should incorporate the introduction of Trichogramma or the utilization of Fipronil @ 16 kg ha-1 for the treatment of C. infuscatellus. This practice will play a critical role in environmental protection and natural resource conservation against insecticides.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84783359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SILICA IN BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL STRESS MANAGEMENT FOR CROP PRODUCTION","authors":"S. Ullah, H. M. M. Ali, T.A. Khan, A. Fatima, A. Kashaf, R. Tanveer, R. Hussain, A. Majid, S. Nasir, A.U. Khan, B.H. Khan, M. Jamil","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.816","url":null,"abstract":"The most prevalent mineral in the earth's mantle is silicon, which ranks second only to oxygen, but unlike oxygen, it has not been shown to be necessary for plant development. Plants can only absorb silicon in one of two forms: silicic acid (Si (OH) 4) or mono silicic acid (H4 SiO4), neither of which is found in the planet's crust as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon fertilizer has been shown toboost agricultural output and sustainability, and its use has been met with widespread praise. When water is lost via the stomata of a plant, the gel that has been polymerized from the silicon solution in the roots is precipitated out of solution. It has been shown that polymerized gel has no significant part in the physical functions of the plant system. This article reviews the function that silicon in soil, water, and plants plays in protecting ecosystems against abiotic and biotic pressures. The interplay between silicon, plant species, and environments is nuanced.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86000215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TRISODIUM CITRATE – VITAMIN C BASED ORAL PREPARATION IN THE TREATMENT OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN INDIGENOUS ANIMAL (CATTLE, BUFFALO)","authors":"M. H. Javed, M.Badar1, A.Manan, S.Sadef, M.Ahmad, S.F. H. Shah, S.G. Mohyuddin","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.822","url":null,"abstract":"The major disease that affects dairy industry in Pakistan is mastitis. Mastitis therapymostly fails due to pathological changes in udder, pharmacokinetics of drugs used and poor husbandrypractices. The present study is conducted to evaluate non-antibiotic therapy including Trisodium citrateand Vitamin C for the treatment of subclinical mastitis of cows and buffaloes. The product to be testedis composed of extemporaneous by mixing the Trisodium citrate 30gm and vitamin C 6gm. A fieldtrial on therapeutic efficacy of above product has been conducted on buffaloes and cows affected withsubclinical mastitis at Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurnagar, Okara. Fifteen buffaloeswith 10 animals in treatment group (A1), 5 animals in control group (A2) fifteen cows with 10animals in treatment group (A3), 5 animals in control group (A4) are use in trial. Surf Field MastitisTest (SFMT) is used for grading of animals and treatment is given in both the groups of cattle andbuffalo. Buffalo group A1 and Cattle group A3 shows significantly higher (p<0.05) cure rates. Themilk pH in both the groups decreased up to 6.6. The efficacy of therapeutic protocol was calculated byAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA).","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75433785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEROLOGIC PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN WOMEN’S VISITING BAHAWAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL, BAHAWALPUR","authors":"M.H. Lashari, A. Waheed, S. Nasreen, M. Anam, A. A. Farooq, S. Inayat, M. U. Saleem, S. Murtaza, M. H. Shah, A. Basit, M. A. Javid, M. Arshad, S.G. Mohyuddin","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.813","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: The aim of recent study was to find out the serologicalprevalence of toxoplasmosis, as well as the effect of T. gondii on biochemical parameters of womenvisiting Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur.Method: The blood samples were obtained from the women visiting hospital and serum was stored.The Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay measured the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies of T.gondii.Result: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 58.73%. age wise seroprevalence shows in agegroups (years) 16-25, 26-33, 26-33, ≥42 was (50%), (63%), (55.55%) and (70%) respectively. Therelationship between hosts disease and prevalence of toxoplasmosis in women suffering hepatitis B,kidney problem, arthritis, diabetes, nausea and thyroid abnormality, the parasitic prevalence wasobserved (57.57%), (33.33%), (50%), (57.14%), (75%), and (85.71%) respectively. The relationshipbetween mother having total number of child 0-2, 3-5, ≥5 and prevalence of parasite was (62.96%),(60%), (33.33%) respectively. The prevalence of parasite in women belong different socio economicstatus poor, middle, rich and was (94.44%), (46.15%), (33.33%). There was significant differencebetween the parasitic prevalence and the host disease as well as socio economic status. TheMean±SEM biochemical parameters in age (years), disease, socio economic status, number of child ofwomen was comparatively higher in infected hosts as compared to non-infected hosts.Conclusion: In conclusions the findings indicated there is a noticeable prevalence of T. gondii so thatcontrol and serological screening programs should be implemented in Bahawalpur for the reliable andfast detection of Toxoplasma infections.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85675762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FATTY ACIDS AND FAT CONTENTS OF WILD AND FARMED PIGEON MEAT","authors":"A.Sakhawat, S.Siddique, Z.Ali, Z.Perveen, Habib-ur-Rehman, H.Massey","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.814","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the fat content and fatty acids composition of wild and farmed pigeon meat of Pakistan. Folch method is used to extract the fat, and gas chromatography (GC-FID) was used to evaluate fatty acid composition. The wild pigeon’s meat has lower fat contents (13.66 %) as compared to farmed bird (17.00 %) as found out by standard methods. The wild pigeon meat contains higher contents of unsaturated fat as compared to farmed (72.1 and 60.9%). The nutritious essential fatty acids ie., oleic acid (47.4 %) and linoleic acid (2.0 %) are also higher in wild bird meat as compared to farmed birds i.e., 42.4% and 1.0 % respectively. The current studies revealed that the granivorous wild pigeon have higher contents of animal fats when farmed under controlled environment.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87560505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCREENING OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES AGAINST SALINITY STRESS IN PETRI DISH ENVIRONMENT","authors":"J. Gul, Midrarullah, S.H.Shah","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v75i1.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.811","url":null,"abstract":"The leguminous crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has a great potential for nutrition, antioxidants, proteins, lipids, and carbs. Due to concerns with soil salinity/sodicity and climate change, the area used for chickpea cultivation is shrinking daily and the overall yield has decreased. Ten varieties of chickpea were subjected to salinity stress in a petri dish at four different NaCl concentrations: 0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM in a controlled condition experiment. The findings of the experiment revealed that Chattan and KK-1 do not survive under salinity stress. While Punjab-2008 and KK-2 demonstrated strong resilience to salinity stress. The results showed that at 0 mM of NaCl, KK-2 and Punjab-2008 had the highest germination rates (99%), followed by Bittle-98 and CM-98 (98%) The Chattan and KK-1 do not exhibit any germination at 150 mM NaCl. The data showed that Fakhr-e-thal had the smallest Radicle length (0.05 cm) at 150 mM NaCl, whereas Bhakkar-2011 at 50 mM NaCl had the largest Radicle length (4.90 cm). In comparison to 0 mM NaCl, the plumule length (cm) of the various chickpea genotypes showed that Bhakkar-2011 had the longest plumules (3.09 cm), Chattan had the shortest (0.80 cm), and KK-1 had no values at the greatest salinity levels. It is therefore concluded that increasing salinity badly affects the germination and growth in chickpea, but this stress can be mitigated by using salinity resilient genotypes.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87140684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCREENING OF MARINE BACTERIUM VIBRIO ALGINOLYTICUS STRAIN AS05 FOR THE PRODUCTION OF N-ACYL HOMOSERINE LACTONE-BASED QUORUM SENSING SIGNALING MOLECULES","authors":"Dr. Abdul Nabi","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.791","url":null,"abstract":"Marine environments, including aquatic and coastal environments, are highly prevalent of marine bacteria with the highest levels of Vibrio species. Vibrios play a vital role in marine ecology associated with carbon and energy acquisition. The density-dependent quorum sensing (QS) system may regulate certain biological activities in marine bacteria. QS is a conversation system utilized by many bacterial communities to communicate and coordinate through different signalling molecules. N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the most important QS signalling molecules widely produced by Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the detection and Identification of AHL-based QS signalling molecules produced by marine bacterium V. alginolyticus strain AS05 isolated from marine water of the Arabian Sea, Karachi, Pakistan. Marine medium Zobell-2216 was used to isolate bacterial strains. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis was applied to identify AS05 strain. Agar plate bioassay was used to detect the production of AHL signalling molecules using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 as a biosensor. The Identification of AHLs was made by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) analysis. The NCBI-blast results revealed the identification of the isolated bacterial strain as Vibrio alginolyticus strain AS05 (OQ130030) member of the family of Vibrionaceae under the class of Gammaproteobacteria. The results of agar plate bioassay using CV026 as a biosensor strain revealed highly positive reactions for producing AHL signalling molecules. Moreover, two AHL molecules produced by AS05 bacterial strain were identified as C6-HSL and C-8HSL based on TLC analysis. This study reveals the detection and Identification of two different AHL signalling molecules produced by V. alginolyticus AS05 isolated from marine water of the Arabian Sea, Karachi, Pakistan. This study provides insight into investigating quorum-sensing signalling molecules in the Arabian Sea, Karachi, Pakistan, and marine bacterial species.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84006106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE ON MARITAL SATISFACTION IN WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY","authors":"S. Shafiq, T. Tazeem, A. Humaira","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.739","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed to explore the effects of psychological distress and quality of life on marital satisfaction in women diagnosed with miscellaneous infertility disorders. A cross-sectional research design was applied from 1st January 2022 to 30th April 2022 to collect data from the gynecological wards of various hospitals situated in Kharian. The sample size for the infertile women was determined with the help of the Sample Size Calculator, and the purposive sampling technique recruited 385 women diagnosed with infertility problems. Informed consent form along with a demographic sheet, Urdu versions of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21, Husain & Gulzar, 2020), World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO QOL-BREF, Lodhi, Raza, Montazeri, Nedjat, Yaseri, & Holakouie-Naieni, 2017) and Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS, Ayub, 2010) were used to assess psychological distress, quality of life, marital satisfaction among women with infertility. Out of 385, five infertile women filled incomplete questionnaires; therefore were eliminated, and the total sample for the data analysis comprised 380 infertile women (Mage=35.38 years, SD=6.19). The study results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between stress (r= -0.33, p<0.05), anxiety (r= -0.45, p<0.05) and depression (r= -0.52, p<0.05) with the perceived marital satisfaction among infertile women. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of high levels of stress (B= -0.90, F(3, 376) = 61.68, p < .001), anxiety (B= -1.85, F(3, 376) = 61.68, p < .001), and depression (B= -2.53, F(3, 376) = 61.68, p < .001) predicted lower levels of the perceived marital satisfaction in infertile women. Further, two aspects of quality of life comprised of psychological and social relationships significantly predicted marital satisfaction in women diagnosed with infertility disorders. Implications in light of the findings of the present research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75862981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VALIDATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL EFFECT OF AMALTAS (Cassia fistula, METHANOLIC EXTRACT) AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIAL STRAINS","authors":"Faiza Zubair, Naila Riaz, I. Khalid","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1-1.809","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of more potent natural product that has no adverse effects on human health. Purpose of this study is to verify the medicinal efficacy of selected plant extract (Cassia fistula) against selected bacterial strains. For this purpose the methanolic extract of Cassia fistula (Amaltas) was employed at different concentration, temperature and pH conditions to study its antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Results revealed that Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition (2.6mm±1.1) at 250mg/ml against Bacillus subtilis, while minimum zone (0.6mm±0.00) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus at 150mg/ml. The results for varying pH conditions reveled that Cassia fistula exhibits maximum inhibition (1.5mm±0.2) of Bacillus subtilis at pH-9 (concentration: 150mg/ml). In comparison, at 250mg/ml the observed zone measurement was maximum against Staphylococcus aureus at pH-9. The results at different temperature ranges depict that Cassia fistula effectively controls the growth of Bacillus subtilis at 120 o C (250mg/ml, zone of inhibition: 1.7mm±0.2). All the zones of inhibition were found significant according to the One way ANOVA. This results of current study strengthens the fact regarding antibacterial potential of plant extracts and proves that increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance can be reduced by introducing more natural antibacterial agents other than chemicals. ","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84071018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}