The Clinical neuropsychologist最新文献

{"title":"Survey of training experiences and clinical practice in assessment for autism spectrum disorder by neuropsychologists.","authors":"Kathryn R Bradbury,&nbsp;Susanne W Duvall,&nbsp;Kira Armstrong,&nbsp;Trevor A Hall","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2021.1948610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.1948610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary purpose of this study is to better understand current practices in the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by neuropsychologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 21-item survey regarding ASD assessment beliefs and practices was sent via email through neuropsychology listservs. The survey was accessed by 445 licensed psychologists who identified as neuropsychologists. A total of 367 surveys were deemed usable for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the full sample. Exploratory analyses were conducted between groups of interest, including primary population served (pediatric, adult, or lifespan), primary practice setting (medical center vs. private practice) and years in practice (< 5 years, 5 to 14 years, or 15+ years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents were well-distributed across age range, years in practice, primary practice setting, and primary practice location. Almost all respondents (most of whom self-identified as pediatric-focused clinicians) believe that neuropsychologists should be able to competently rule in or out ASD and most received training in ASD assessment. Approximately 40% of respondents endorsed wanting more training in ASD assessment to increase their competence and confidence in making this differential diagnosis. Minimal differences in ASD beliefs and assessment practices were seen across years of practice or primary practice setting. Pediatric and lifespan clinicians had similar experience with ASD assessment practices, and both generally differed from adult clinicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest many respondents desire further specialty ASD training for neuropsychologists. Additionally, the large majority of respondents indicated that future neuropsychologists should receive training in ASD assessment during graduate school, internship and/or post-doctoral fellowship.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"856-873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13854046.2021.1948610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical considerations when conducting diagnostic evaluations to identify autism spectrum disorder in young children.","authors":"Rebekah L Hudock,&nbsp;Amy N Esler","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2022.2025907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2025907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper provides clinical guidance supported by the literature on conducting diagnostic evaluations for young children suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Authors provided a summary of clinical recommendations and evidence-based strategies for providing diagnostic evaluations for young children suspected of having ASD that are supported by the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASD is a complex condition that typically presents in the first couple years of a child's life. While many children can be accurately diagnosed by age 2, the majority of children are diagnosed much later. This article provides recommendations for evidence-based clinical practices to support accurate early identification and diagnosis in young children with autism. Recommended practices and measures for screening, comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, and differential diagnosis of ASD in early childhood are discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early identification of ASD is important to promote improved outcomes related to early intervention. There are a variety of tools and practices available to support neuropsychologists in providing accurate early diagnosis and appropriate developmental monitoring for children suspected of ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions. There is a need for continued efforts regarding awareness of ASD in early childhood and targeted training in ASD for neuropsychologists and other disciplines who support families of young children with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"921-942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39947122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) elevations in a clinical sample of children and adolescents who do not have autism: Phenotypic profiles of false positives.","authors":"Rachel K Greene,&nbsp;Iulia Vasile,&nbsp;Kathryn R Bradbury,&nbsp;Aarika Olsen,&nbsp;Susanne W Duvall","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2021.1942220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.1942220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) shows high sensitivity for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when present (i.e. true positives), scores on the ADOS-2 may be falsely elevated for individuals with cognitive impairments or psychological concerns other than ASD (i.e. false positives). This study examined whether demographic, psychological, cognitive, and/or adaptive factors predict ADOS-2 false positives and which psychiatric diagnoses most often result in false positives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sensitivity, specificity, false positive, and false negative rates were calculated among 214 5- to 16-year-old patients who completed an ADOS-2 (module 3) as part of an ASD diagnostic evaluation. Additional analyses were conducted with the 101 patients who received clinically elevated ADOS-2 scores (i.e. 56 true positives and 45 false positives).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed a 34% false positive rate and a 1% false negative rate. False positives were slightly more likely to be male, have lower restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) severity scores on the ADOS-2, and demonstrate elevated anxiety during the ADOS-2. Neither IQ, adaptive functioning, nor caregiver-reported emotional functioning was predictive of false positive status. Trauma-related psychiatric diagnoses were more common among false positives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ADOS-2 should not be used in isolation to assess for ASD, and, in psychiatrically-complex cases, RRB symptom severity may be particularly helpful in differentiating ASD from other psychiatric conditions. Additionally, heightened levels of anxiety, more so than overactivity or disruptive behavior, may lead to non-ASD specific elevations in ADOS-2 scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"943-959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13854046.2021.1942220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39209846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of executive functioning challenges and strengths in autistic adults.","authors":"Tanya St John,&nbsp;Sara Woods,&nbsp;Tammara Bode,&nbsp;Cassidy Ritter,&nbsp;Annette Estes","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2021.1971767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.1971767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> There has been a steady rise in research characterizing executive functioning (EF) impairments in autistic individuals but limited research investigating EF strengths. This review provides a summary of current EF research in autistic adults with a focus on EF challenges and strengths and potential sources of heterogeneity in research findings. New avenues for addressing gaps in our understanding of EF strengths are proposed.<b>Method:</b> A review of the EF literature was conducted. One hundred twenty-four studies of inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, fluency, planning, decision-making, and subjective measures of EF in autistic adults were included.<b>Results:</b> Autistic adults with average intellectual functioning demonstrate difficulties with cognitive flexibility, phonemic fluency, and working memory. Strengths in planning, decision-making, and semantic verbal fluency were evident in some but not all studies. Findings regarding inhibition are inconclusive. Key findings across each EF domain are discussed and sources of potential heterogeneity across studies were evaluated. The type of measure used appears to contribute to heterogeneous findings. Subjective EF measures revealed more consistent findings of deficits in autistic adults than objective EF measures.<b>Conclusions:</b> Research reveals areas of EF weaknesses as well as strengths in autistic adults. Unlike EF challenges, EF strengths are not well understood. Future research identifying EF strengths is needed to improve services and supports for autistic adults. Further investigation of potential factors that interact with or constrain EF such as comorbid disorders, verbal ability, sensory processing, and other factors specific to autism will be critical to move the field forward and increase understanding of how EF is related to everyday functioning in autistic adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"1116-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39400587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory editorial to the special issue: Assessment and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related clinical decision making in neuropsychological practice","authors":"Kira Armstrong, Susanne W. Duvall","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2022.2085629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2085629","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability characterized by challenges with social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recent CDC estimates of US prevalence for ASD suggests that 23 out of 1,000 8-yearold children (i.e. one in 44) meet criterion for ASD, an increase from prior estimates (Maenner, et al., 2021). While some have raised concerns regarding the methodology of this research (e.g. due to varying metrics for identifying ASD cases, high cross-site variation, regional differences, and systemic disparities in educational supports and health care) (Mandell & Lecavalier, 2014; Yuan et al., 2021), it is stil clear that ASD is a fairly common disorder with clinically significant challenges persisting into adulthood. Given the high prevalence, ASD characteristics should be considered in neuropsychological differential diagnostic conceptualization across settings and patient populations. This special issue brings together original research, literature reviews, and clinical guidance to enhance neuropsychological practice in the assessment of ASD while emphasizing holistic diagnostic considerations and person-centered care. We begin with a survey of neuropsychologists’ first-person reflections on ASD assessment practices, the training they received, and where they believe the field should progress. This article sets the stage for the subsequent three sections, which focus on: (1) assessment tools and evaluative approaches; (2) case conceptualization in the context of complex comorbidities; and (3) higher level clinical recommendations and person-centered approaches to recognizing and diagnosing ASD. Section 1, comprised of 5 articles, focuses on assessment measures and approaches. Pulsipher and Lieb (2022) paper opens the discussion through their evaluation of an ASD symptom intake screening measure. Despite aligning this measure with DSM-5 criteria (which most screening measures have yet to do), this approach did not improve diagnostic predictions. As such, their findings continue to support the need for behavioral assessment by trained clinicians. On the other hand, McKernan and Kim’s (2022) paper demonstrates that screeners relating to semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic communication skills at kindergarten entry do predict academic, social, and adaptive skills at kindergarten exit, emphaszing the importance of early social pragmatic/ semantic skills intervention, even in children who historically may not receive them due to their many intact skills. Hudock and Esler (2022) provide a concise summary","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125981432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affirmative neuropsychological practice with transgender and gender diverse individuals and communities.","authors":"Erica Anderson, J. Eleazer, Zoë E. Kristensen, C. S. St Amand, A. M. Baker, A. Correro, M. Cottingham, K. Hinrichs, B. Parmenter, Julija Stelmokas, Emily H. Trittschuh","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2022.2073915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2073915","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To provide guidance and resources on how to practice culturally safe and humble neuropsychology with transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and communities. Methods: We gathered a multidisciplinary team of clinicians with relevant professional and/or lived experience to review pertinent literature, discuss important concepts, and identify key resources. From this process, we outline practical steps to advance gender affirmative neuropsychological practice. Results: Professional awareness and knowledge regarding how to gather context-relevant, gender identity information is critical. TGD individuals form a heterogenous group; a one-size-fits-all approach is not adequate. It is incumbent upon neuropsychologists to engage in clinical and research practices in a manner that does not perpetuate gender minority stress and trauma. Creating an open, safe environment of care requires intentionality and careful thinking to determine what information is relevant for a particular referral question. We provide recommendations and resources for neuropsychologists. Conclusion: When neuropsychologists are proactive, responsible, and intentional, they can better provide individualized, person-centered, and trauma-informed care to TGD individuals.","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129425104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winners of the seventh annual TCN/AACN student project competition","authors":"Y. Suchy, D. Beebe, Leslie Guidotti-Breting, A. Hahn-Ketter","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2022.2059399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2059399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115028150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial from the TCN department of culture and gender in neuropsychology: Moving the field toward broader representation in neuropsychological studies","authors":"R. Hilsabeck, M. Marquine","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2022.2056924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2022.2056924","url":null,"abstract":"The Culture and Gender in Neuropsychology (CGN) Department at The Clinical Neuropsychologist (TCN) continued its efforts to advance the science and practice of diversity and inclusion in 2021 through provision of a special issue (detailed below) and virtual workshop at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (Rivera Mindt et al., 2021). In this end-of-year editorial, we summarize 2021 publications in TCN that addressed various forms of diversity (cultural, linguistic, and gender).","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116286622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Official position of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology on test security.","authors":"Kyle Brauer Boone,&nbsp;Jerry J Sweet,&nbsp;Desiree A Byrd,&nbsp;Robert L Denney,&nbsp;Robin A Hanks,&nbsp;Paul M Kaufmann,&nbsp;Michael W Kirkwood,&nbsp;Glenn J Larrabee,&nbsp;Bernice A Marcopulos,&nbsp;Joel E Morgan,&nbsp;June Yu Paltzer,&nbsp;Monica Rivera Mindt,&nbsp;Ryan W Schroeder,&nbsp;Anita H Sim,&nbsp;Julie A Suhr","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2021.2022214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.2022214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide education regarding the critical importance of test security for neuropsychological and psychological tests, and to establish recommendations for best practices for maintaining test security in forensic, clinical, teaching, and research settings. Previous test security guidelines were not adequately specified.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Neuropsychologists practicing in a broad range of settings collaborated to develop detailed and specific guidance regarding test security to best ensure continued viability of neuropsychological and psychological tests. Implications of failing to maintain test security for both the practice of neuropsychology and for society at large were identified. Types of test data that can be safely disclosed to nonpsychologists are described.</p><p><p>Specific procedures can be followed that will minimize risk of invalidating future use of neuropsychological and psychological measures.</p><p><p>Clinical neuropsychologists must commit to protecting sensitive neuropsychological and psychological test information from exposure to nonpsychologists, and now have specific recommendations that will guide that endeavor.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"523-545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39831428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of administering the WAIS-IV using a home-based telehealth videoconferencing model.","authors":"Susan Mahon,&nbsp;James Webb,&nbsp;Deborah Snell,&nbsp;Alice Theadom","doi":"10.1080/13854046.2021.1985172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2021.1985172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of telehealth to deliver neuropsychological services has proven to be a feasible approach, however, there is limited research which has examined the reliability of home-based assessment models using a comprehensive intelligence test. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and feasibility of a home-based videoconferencing administration of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-4^th Edition (WAIS-IV).</p><p><p>Thirty healthy participants (aged 18-40 years) completed the WAIS-IV both in-person and via home-based videoconferencing utilizing a randomized counter-balanced methodology to attempt to control for an order effect. Paper record forms for Coding/Symbol Search and Blocks were sent and returned via tamper proof courier packs. Participants completed an online survey of their experiences of TNP following completion of their assessments. Group mean comparisons, intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman measures of bias were calculated.</p><p><p>Findings from both modalities were highly concordant across all WAIS-IV subtests and indices, with all ICCs rated as \"excellent,\" (≥0.9). There were no significant mean group differences and no evidence of proportional bias. The majority of participants were very satisfied with the use of videoconferencing as an application for cognitive assessment and high levels of participant compliance were observed.</p><p><p>In this non-clinical cohort home-based videoconference administration of the WAIS-IV was feasible, reliable and acceptable. TNP may offer an alternative for those consumers where there are challenges in accessing a face-to-face service delivery model, thereby improving equity, and enabling continuation of service delivery. Future research is needed with a larger and more ethnically diverse clinical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":197334,"journal":{"name":"The Clinical neuropsychologist","volume":" ","pages":"558-570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39519629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}