Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Influence of Corneal Parameters on the Pattern of Myopia Progression when Using Orthokeratology Lenses in Children","authors":"P. Bezditko, R. A. Parhomets","doi":"10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.39-46/17.7-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.39-46/17.7-05","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive course of myopia is one of the most important medical and social problems worldwide. In Ukraine, the relative incidence of moderate myopia ranges from 8.9 to 30.8 % in schoolchildren and in final-year students, mild and moderate myopia is found, according to various data, in 30-68 % of individuals. Some researchers have tried to determine the shape of the cornea and its relationship to the eye size in myopia, but conflicting data have been obtained, so the issue needs further investigation. The aim. To analyze the effect of corneal eccentricity (Ex) in children with myopia on the increase of the axial length of the eye when using orthokeratology lenses (OKL). Methods. The study involved 60 children (117 eyes) aged 7 to 15 years with uncomplicated mild and moderate myopia from –0.75 to –5.0 diopters by spherical equivalent. Biometry was performed using an ultrasound scanner before the start of refractive therapy or prescription of glasses and then every 6 months of observation. Corneal topography was also performed with determination of keratometry and Ex in flat and steep meridians (Oculus Easygraph topographer, Germany). MoonLens OKL with combined design were selected for all the subjects. Results. In patients with mild myopia, there was direct strong correlation between the value of Ex, both in a flat and in a steep meridian, and the axial length at the beginning of the therapy which equaled to 0.28 (p = 0.011) There was also a strong direct relationship between the value of the initial Ex and the difference in refraction (ΔR) after 24 months of observation which equaled to 0.32 (p = 0.001). Assessment of the correlation between the initial value of keratometry and the axial length revealed negative correlation between –0.69 in the group with mild myopia (p<0.001) and –0.67 in children with moderate myopia (p<0.001). There was no correlation of the effect of Ex on the annual gradient of myopia progression in the study. Conclusions. There is no correlation between the baseline Ex and the annual gradient of myopia progression on the background of the use of OKL because the corneal profile changes and there are other factors influencing the pattern of the axial length change. A direct correlation between the baseline Ex and the annual changes in refraction (ΔR) was revealed.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Factor of Anterior Chamber Angle Closure Based on Ultrasound Biometrics","authors":"I. Novytskyy, R. Lopadchak","doi":"10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.24-32/073.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.24-32/073.48","url":null,"abstract":"The aim. To develop a predictive factor (PF) of anterior chamber (AC) angle closure based on biometric data and to compare its values with the Lowe coefficient and lens thickness to axial length factor (LAF) in healthy patients of different age, cataract patients and patients with chronic and acute angle-closure glaucoma. Materials and methods. The study was performed in 180 variously-aged (20 to 60 years) patients with different types of refraction, and in 20 patients with acute AC angle closure, in 20 patients with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma and in 20 patients with cataract. The AC depth, the lens thickness (LT) and the axial length (AL) were measured by A-scan ultrasound biomicroscopy. Results. Based on ultrasound biometrics, a PF of anterior angle closure has been developed: PF = AC / AL / LT x 100. There was significant age-related decrease in the PF coefficient in patients with all types of refraction (p<0.001). In case of hypermetropia, PF was significantly less than in cases with myopia and emmetropia (p<0.001). Compared to the Lowe coefficient, the PF coefficient more sensitively showed the trend towards the closure of the AC angle in the age-refraction context. The AC depth in case of an acute glaucoma (2.3 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly less than that in case of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (2.4±0.21 mm) and differed significantly from that in case of cataract (3.32±0.33 mm), in all groups p < 0.001. At the same time, LT did not differ significantly in patients with acute glaucoma, chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts (p>0.05). There was significant difference in PF coefficient between the groups of patients with an acute angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts, as well as chronic angle-closure glaucoma and cataracts (p<0.001). Its significance was higher than the significance of the Lowe coefficient between the respective groups. PF less than 2.5 was a significant risk factor for the closure of the AC angle.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117261754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Clinical Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment by Assessing Immunological and Anatomo-Morphological Parameters: a Literature Review","authors":"A. Ivanchenko, I. Bezkorovayna","doi":"10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.52-64/5-007.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.52-64/5-007.281","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Closed subtotal vitrectomy (CSV) is used to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but even with successful surgery performed at a relatively early stage, some patients still have low visual acuity and persistent color perception defects. Therefore, the combination of CVS with the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in RRD can improve clinical outcomes in the postoperative period. The aim. To determine the role of ILM peeling and its influence on the functional and morphological state of the macula after RRD surgery in order to maximize the results of visual acuity after retinal detachment and clarify the indications for ILM removal in RRD. Materials and methods. Analysis of the literature shows that in many cases, despite the full ft of the detached retina, visual acuity is not restored in full. There are almost no data comparing the effect on visual acuity of ILM removal during vitrectomy in the remote period, hemodynamic disorders in the macular area according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in patients with RRD. Results. Despite the fact that ILM peeling in RRD significantly reduces the incidence of epiretinal fibrosis the anatomical and morphological changes of the retina after ILM peeling and their impact on postoperative clinical outcomes should be taken into account. The determination of blood biomarkers has the potential to better predict the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after surgery to inhibit the pathological reaction that causes the formation of fibrous films on the retina, which in turn significantly worsen the clinical outcomes in the postoperative period. Conclusions. Thus, a combination of appropriate surgical techniques and new diagnostic markers, both clinical and immunological, can help to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of RRD.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122688395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of Morphometric Parameters of the Macula as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy","authors":"M. Karliychuk, P. Bezditko, S. Pinchuk","doi":"10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.14-23/833-007.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.14-23/833-007.17","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting up to a quarter of all patients with DM, and in asymptomatic form it is present in all patients. A number of changes in the retina, optic nerve, corneal nerve fibers, and visual function may correlate with DPN, so their evaluation may provide additional information on the detection and determination of its severity. The aim. To determine the peculiarities of changes in morphometric parameters of the central zone of the retina depending on the severity of DPN. Materials and methods. In total, 575 patients with type II DM were examined (1150 eyes). In 365 (63.5 %) DM patients, the diagnosis of DPN was excluded (stage N0). DPN was diagnosed in 210 (36.5 %) DM patients. Asymptomatic DPN was observed in 101 (17.5 %) DM patients: N1A stage – in 47 (8.1 %) patients, N1B stage – in 54 (9.4 %) patients; symptomatic DPN – in 89 (15.5 %) DM patients: N2A stage – in 46 (8.0 %) patients, N2B stage – in 43 (7.5 %) patients; stage of severe complications (N3 stage) – in 20 (3.5 %) DM patients. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals (100 eyes). In addition to standard ophthalmic examination methods, optical coherent tomography of the retina and optic nerve was performed. Results. Patients with type 2 DM had morphometric features of macular lesions depending on the severity of DPN: the index of focal loss volume (FLV) of retinal ganglion cells was 8.4 times higher in asymptomatic stage A DPN, 8.7 times higher in asymptomatic stage B DPN, 14.1 times higher in symptomatic stage A DPN, 14.3 times higher in symptomatic stage B DPN, 15.3 times higher at the stage of severe DPN complications (p <0.05), and the thickness of the retina in the foveolar zone in patients with asymptomatic stage A DPN was 9.1 % lower, with asymptomatic stage B DPN it was 8.9 % lower, and at the stage of severe complications of DPN it was 12.7 % lower than the respective indices in healthy age-matched individuals. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the relationship between morphometric parameters of the macula and the severity of DPN. The identified morphometric features of the macula in type 2 DM can serve as a non-invasive ophthalmic biomarker of the severity of DPN.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115045390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Aspects of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","authors":"V. Serdiuk, K. Maidenko","doi":"10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.47-51/681-07-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30702/ophthalmology30062021-13.2.47-51/681-07-037","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is one of the widespread eye diseases causing visual disturbances and even blindness. Almost 15% of blindness worldwide is due to glaucoma. One of the factors of glaucoma development is heredity. Currently, identification and diagnosis of new glaucoma cases is achieved either by routine screening or examinations prompted by perceived risk. The factors associated with the pathogenesis of glaucoma include high intraocular pressure (IOP), aging, decreased blood flow and genetic factors. Traditional vision screening for disorders like primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is time-consuming and costly. POAG is the most common type of glaucoma which has no obvious abnormality in the eye that points to a cause. Although mutations in several genes, including myocilin, optineurin, and CYP1B1 are associated with the disease, these genes account for less than 10% of cases worldwide. The paper reviews genetic studies in POAG. The genetic basis for the development of glaucoma and a variety of its related syndromes is considered. CYP1B1 is a member of a family of cytochrome P450 genes known to encode enzymes that metabolize and detoxify both endogenous and exogenous molecules, although their activity is not limited to detoxification. The human CYP superfamily contains 57 functional genes and 58 pseudogenes. Two specific substrates of CYP1B1 (estradiols and retinoic acid) could contribute to ocular development and specifically to the development of the ocular anterior segment.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined topical and intracameral injection of Amphotericin B versus topical Amphotericin B in management of fungal keratitis in MOC, Egypt","authors":"Eman A. Awad, Rania A Abdullah, T. Mohsen, Tharwat H. Mokbel","doi":"10.21608/EJOMOS.2021.55973.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJOMOS.2021.55973.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal keratitis is a sight threatening condition which is widespread in tropical and subtropical countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of topical and intracameral injections of amphotericin B in the treatment of severe fungal keratitis. Patients and methods. This prospective, comparative study included 40 patients of culture proved fungal keratitis recruited from outpatient clinic of Mansoura ophthalmic center, faculty of medicine Mansoura University, Egypt, in the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Pregnant and lactating women, Children < 12 years of age, One-eyed patients, Patients with concurrent sclera involvement and Patients with impending perforations, elevated intraocular pressure were excluded from the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A: underwent only topical amphotericin B. Group B: underwent combined topical & intracameral injection of antimicrobials. Patients were followed up at 1 day, 1 week, weekly till the end of the first month after injection then every 2 weeks for another month after then monthly till the 6th month. Results. Both groups were sex and age matched. Trauma was the most common risk factor recorded. Aspergillus was the commonest causative agent (85%) in group A, the size of corneal ulcer improved from 32.44 ± 19.37 to 29.71 ± 17.16 at 1st week to 18.81 ± 10.04 in the 1st month, in group B the ulcer size decreased from 30.24 ± 16.09 to 21.81 ± 11.04 (p<0.001) in the 1st week the ulcer achieved complete healing within 3 months. In group A the hypopyon level was 2.46 ± 1.23 mm which was fixed at the same value at 2nd day then decreased to 1.36 ± 0.43 ml at 1st month then to 0.90 ± 0.31 mm and 0.37 ± 0.17 mm at 2nd and 3rd months. In group B, the base line of hypopyon level was 3.22 ± 2.09 mm decreased to 1.45 ± 0.62 mm (at 1st week) decreased from 1.02 ± 0.61 mm at 2nd weeks to 0.33 ± 0.19 mm at 6th weeks. In group A, the reported complications were staphyloma (2 cases), thinning (6 cases), hyphema (2 cases) and Atrophia Bulbi (1 case). In group B the complications showed mild variations in distribution as follows; staphyloma (1 case), thinning (3 cases), hyphema (3 cases) and Atrophia Bulbi (1 case). The mean duration for the complete healing in group A, was 48.82 ± 5.31 days while the mean duration in group B, that was 29.59 ± 3.24 days (p< 0.001). Conclusions. Intracameral Amphotericin B injection is safe and effective technique in treatment of fungal keratitis.","PeriodicalId":196817,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian journal Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126732619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}