{"title":"The Dark Side of Humanity, Part III","authors":"L. Temkin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 7 argues that the case for aiding the needy (foreign aid) may depend partly on whether the needy are the victims of misfortune or social injustice. It notes that aid efforts may benefit the perpetrators of grave social injustices, incentivizing such injustices. It argues that the line between man-made and natural disasters is often blurry, and that aid efforts may benefit corrupt leaders whose policies contribute to hybrid natural/man-made disasters, thus encouraging such disastrous policies. These issues—related to the problems of perverse incentives, complicity, and dirty hands—raise both consequentialist and deontological concerns about aid efforts that support corrupt regimes, weakening the case for learning to live with external corruption to aid the needy. Chapter 7 also explores the chilling case of Goma, where aid aimed at relieving the Rwandan genocide went tragically awry; reminding us that the book’s considerations have real-world manifestations of great normative significance.","PeriodicalId":196423,"journal":{"name":"Being Good in a World of Need","volume":"237 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model Projects and the Difficulty of Predicting Future Success","authors":"L. Temkin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 9 draws on the lessons of handpump tubewells, thalidomide, and DDT, to argue that global aid may have unanticipated long-term negative consequences that make predicting the overall future success of aid problematic. Further, since each aid context is unique, highly successful aid efforts in one context may face problems of replicability; they may also face problems of scaling up. Drawing on an example from education—the Rice School—Chapter 9 illustrates how projects can spectacularly fail even in seemingly ideal, local, circumstances, let alone in the far-from-ideal circumstances that attend most global aid efforts, where resources and education are severely limited, and the possibility of missteps are great due to social, cultural, political, historical, and, often, language differences. Chapter 9’s worries may apply to a lesser extent to some of the top-rated charities of organizations like GiveWell, but they don’t disappear entirely.","PeriodicalId":196423,"journal":{"name":"Being Good in a World of Need","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121330660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responsibility and Fairness","authors":"L. Temkin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 14 discusses Thomas Pogge’s claim that for most people in the world’s richest countries aiding the needy is a duty, and not merely an optional act of charity or supererogation, because they are partly responsible for the plight of the world’s needy and have engaged in activities that directly or indirectly harmed them or violated their rights. Chapter 14 also argues that considerations of fairness, justice, and equality are relevant to how we should respond to global poverty and the plight of the needy. It notes that these issues raise a host of questions not easily answered. Together, Chapter 14’s considerations further illustrate the extreme complexity of the topics of global poverty, global need, and foreign aid, both normatively and empirically; and the need for pluralism in our thinking if we are to have any hope of determining how to be good in a world of need.","PeriodicalId":196423,"journal":{"name":"Being Good in a World of Need","volume":"97 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114048250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dark Side of Humanity, Part II","authors":"L. Temkin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849977.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 6 discusses the problem of external corruption—the worry that to accomplish their ends, aid agencies may often have to become enmeshed with corrupt individuals or institutions. Chapter 6 notes numerous ways that corrupt officials may get their hands on aid, and suggests that the problem of external corruption may be especially prevalent in some of the world’s most desperate regions where the need is greatest. Chapter 6 suggests that it is unlikely that the problem of foreign aid capture or diversion can be avoided simply by channeling aid efforts through NGOs (non-governmental organizations). Chapter 6 concludes by suggesting that perhaps in some cases we must simply learn to live with external corruption as the cost of foreign aid; that is, as a regrettable but necessary cost of addressing global poverty and aiding the needy in some of the world’s most desperate regions.","PeriodicalId":196423,"journal":{"name":"Being Good in a World of Need","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122468669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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