Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation最新文献

{"title":"Toxicity induced alterations as biomarker of environmental pollution","authors":"K. Kuar, A. Kaur","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0155-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0155-013","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades dye contamination of aquatic systems has attracted the attention of several investigators both in the developed and developing countries of the world. A large quantity of these dyes enters aquatic bodies from time to time because a substantial amount of a dye (10-15% unbound dyes) is lost in the effluent during dyeing processes. In return the aquatic bodies end up being the final destination of a large quantity of wastes from these sectors. Waste waters from dye manufacturing, paper, leather and textile industries bring tons of dyes into the aquifers, most of which are highly toxic to the flora and fauna of the receiving water bodies. Scanning electron microscopic observations were made for the changes in the surface ultra morphology of gills of Cirrhinus mrigala on exposure to lethal (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/L dye) doses of Basic Violet-1 (an important textile and hair colorant; CI: 42535, Trade nameMethyl Violet-2B). Present study was taken up as insufficient data exist regarding safety of this dye. The dye was observed to be cytotoxic in nature during the acute (96h) exposure to lethal doses. The dye caused reduction or complete loss of microridges, increase in mucous openings and Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 174 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 175 Experimental model ................................................................................................................ 175 Exposure period and observations ................................................................................... 176 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 176 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 181 References ...................................................................................................................... 181","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc oxide nanostructure and its application as agricultural and industrial material","authors":"S. Malhotra, T. Mandal","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0171-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0171-016","url":null,"abstract":"Nano sized particles of semiconductor materials have achieved great interest in recent years due to their desirable properties and applications in different areas such as agricultural, rubber industries, pharmaceutical and cosmetic, textile industries, electronic industries, sensors, photoelectronic devices and photocatalysts. These nanomaterials have unusual thermal, structural and electronic properties, which are of important scientific interests in the fundamental and applied research fields. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising material which gained increasing interest in recent years owing to its distinctive properties. In this review paper an attempt has been made to elaborate the promising applications of ZnO nanoparticles in various fields.","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132433049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticides in agriculture and environment: Impacts on human health","authors":"V. Kumar, P. Kumar","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0160-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0160-07","url":null,"abstract":"A sort of chemicals which are formed to get rid of a pest or halt its reproduction termed as pesticides. Pesticides are utilized generally to control weeds and insect invasion in farming fields and different pests and disease transporters (e.g., mosquitoes, rodents, ticks and mice) in houses, workplaces, shopping centers, and roads. As the methods of activity for pesticides are not species -specific, worries have been raised about environmental threat related with their exposure through different ways (e.g., residues in diet and drinking water). Various types of pesticides have been utilized for crop safety from hundreds of years. Pesticides advantage the harvests; though, they additionally leave a serious negative effect on nature. Over utilization of pesticides may prompt the damage of biodiversity. Numerous aquatic animals, birds are under the risk of destructive pesticides for their survival. Pesticides can move into the human body by oral, inhalation or dermal exposure, and well known to be the main reason of various diseases like Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 77 Background and historical review of pesticides ...................................................................... 78 Classification of pesticides ................................................................................................. 81 Environmental impacts of pesticides .................................................................................... 83 Routes of pesticide exposure to human ................................................................................. 84 Human health impacts of pesticide ...................................................................................... 86 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 90 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... 91 References ...................................................................................................................... 91","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","authors":"V. Kumar, P. Kumar, J. Singh","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in chemical applications in the agricultural sector have been contributed to disruptive contamination of crop and environment. Besides the contribution in improving conventional farming, the development of new methods has also contributed to polluting agriculture as well as environments. The deposition of several contaminants in agricultural products, soil, water, air and even into the higher trophic levels of the food chain has disturbed the well-functioning of the earth ecosystem. The present chapter focused on the primary information of the book regarding how the contaminants in agriculture are introduced with possible ways to mitigate their impacts.","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126695593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riverbed mining as a threat to in-stream agricultural floodplain and biodiversity of Ganges River, India","authors":"N. Kamboj, V. Kamboj","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0151-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0151-019","url":null,"abstract":"Growth of urbanization, infrastructural and economic development activities in the last few decades all over the world have increased the demand of riverbed material for construction purposes. This high demand of materials has resulted in unsystematic and unscientific mining in in-stream and floodplain and agricultural area of the river basin and has caused severe damage in Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 251 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 252 Study area ................................................................................................................... 252 Methodology for in-stream mining area ............................................................................ 253 Physico-chemical analysis of surface water ........................................................................ 253 Methodology for floodplain mining area ........................................................................... 253 Statistical analysis of the data .......................................................................................... 254 Results and discussion ...................................................................................................... 254 Channel morphology ..................................................................................................... 254 Physiographical parameters ............................................................................................ 255 Water quality parameters ............................................................................................... 256 Fish fauna ................................................................................................................... 257 Riparian vegetation ....................................................................................................... 260 Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 260 Conclusion and recommendations ....................................................................................... 260 References ...................................................................................................................... 262","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"5 Suppl E 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127795841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide applications in agriculture and their effects on birds: An overview","authors":"A. Arya, A. Singh, D. Bhatt","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0163-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0163-010","url":null,"abstract":"Avifauna is one of the successful diverse and evolutionary groups and occurs in the tropics in large numbers as compared to temperate zone. Fluctuation in the diversity of birds provides early warning of environmental problems. The threats to their community structure due to various reasons. Agricultural pesticides have been shown to affect 87 percent of the bird species that are threatened globally. Over the past four decades, many farmland avian species have shown alarming declines in numbers and/or range. Approximately five million plenty of pesticides are used annually in the world, of which about seventieth is used for agriculture causing decline in avian population in the agro-agriculture ecosystem. In this review an attempt has been made to focus on the effects of pesticide applications on birds. The possible health effects of pesticide applications on avifauna has been discussed as well. Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 130 Pesticide use in agriculture ................................................................................................ 131 Effects of organochlorines (OCs) or chlorinated hydrocarbons on birds ....................................... 132 Acute toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbon ......................................................................... 132 Sublethal toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbon ..................................................................... 132 Effects of organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates (CMs) on birds ............................................ 133 Acute toxicity of OPs and CMs ........................................................................................ 133 Sublethal toxicity of OPs and CMs .................................................................................... 134 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 135 References ...................................................................................................................... 135","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134345083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals in agro-ecosystems and their impacts on human health","authors":"Shefali, S. Nayak, R. Gupta","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0154-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0154-05","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are proved to be a major threat and their toxic effects have various effects on living organisms including health risks in humans. Even though the heavy metals do not have any biological role but they are present in some form which is harmful for humans and impairs with the proper functioning. Most of the times heavy metals interfere with the metabolic processes for example some heavy metals get accumulated in the food chain and do not undergo degradation exhibiting a chronic nature. Heavy metals toxicity is largely dependent upon the absorbed dose, the route of exposure and the time duration of exposure whether it is acute or chronic which can Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 59 Heavy metals in agro-ecosystems ........................................................................................ 60 Source of heavy metals in agro-ecosystems ............................................................................ 60 Effect of heavy metals on human’s health .............................................................................. 61 Effects of arsenic ........................................................................................................... 61 Effects of lead ............................................................................................................... 62 Effects of mercury ......................................................................................................... 62 Effects of cadmium ....................................................................................................... 62 Effects of chromium ...................................................................................................... 63 Effects of aluminum ..................................................................................................... 63 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 63 References ...................................................................................................................... 64","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic framework and phenomenon of zero waste for sustainable future","authors":"S. Ali, R. Kumar","doi":"10.26832/aesa-2019-cae-0167-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/aesa-2019-cae-0167-015","url":null,"abstract":"The idealistic concept of zero waste promotes a systematic procedure of waste planning and recovery of resources from waste. The Zero waste concept is to minimize waste production so as to reduce waste in the landfill. A strategic zero waste framework (ZWF) is essential for the development and achievement of systematic waste management activities in order to achieve general objectives. The developing phenomenon of zero waste includes the theory, practice and learning of characters, families, businesses, communities and government organizations, responding to the perceptions of crisis and failures around conventional waste management. Furthermore, a constant assessment of progress towards zero waste targets is essential. It is expected that, taking into account local circumstances, the proposed strategic guidelines would be beneficial for local authorities and stakeholders, while developing their zero-rejection strategy. Waste management from the beginning of waste disposal, waste sorting, producer responsibility and waste collection based on the quantity of waste, community waste management and the provision of incentives and disincentives is the zero waste implementation parameter. This concept should be assimilated into local policy so it becomes an obligation for the government Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 201 The key features for the development of zero waste strategy ...................................................... 202 Global waste issues and cities: why zero waste? ..................................................................... 203 The development of zero waste concept ................................................................................ 207 Zero waste initiative in the world ........................................................................................ 210 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 210 References ...................................................................................................................... 211","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124270387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human health risk assessment and mitigation of heavy metal pollution in agriculture and environment","authors":"D. Kumar, D. Malik, S. Patel, V. Gupta","doi":"10.26832/aesa-2019-cae-0157-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/aesa-2019-cae-0157-06","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals contamination in agricultural environment and its deleterious effects on the crops and human health is an issue of serious concern in the present time. Agricultural fields receive various heavy metals such as Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Hg etc. mainly from natural and anthropogenic sources. The greater concentration of heavy metals in the fields spoils the soil characteristics and has extreme consequences on both crops and human. Their persistence and non-degradable nature increases its accumulation in the agricultural field, crops and human body through various food chains. The present chapter highlights various sources of heavy metals in agricultural environment and its impacts on both crops and human health and gives various strategies to mitigate the heavy metal concentrations in agricultural environment.","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116112926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of some emerging agro-chemicals in groundwater contamination","authors":"Ifra Ashraf, T. Khan, Nowsheeba Rashid, S. Ramzan, N. Khurshid","doi":"10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0168-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26832/AESA-2019-CAE-0168-02","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating food demand to feed the incessantly mounting world population has put a lot of pressure on our already over burdened agricultural system. The urge to cultivate more food has made us reliant on supplementary use of agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers. Unsystematic use of agrochemicals has amplified the production of crops but it has also posed rigorous hazards to environment because it has contaminated the natural resources, like groundwater. The groundwater resources are vulnerable to pollution, the occurrence of pesticide residues in the groundwater resources (water located beneath the soil’s surface) constitutes a global problem worldwide, especially in the least developed countries where the use of plant protection products is very high. For the development of microbial originated pesticides, which Chapter contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 10 Pesticides as groundwater contaminants ................................................................................ 11 Transportation of pesticides to groundwater ...................................................................... 13 Pesticide in groundwater and allied hazards ...................................................................... 15 Antagonistic effects of pesticide (herbicide) application on non-target plants ............................ 16 Health-based guideline values for pesticide residues in potable water ..................................... 17 Fertilizers as groundwater contaminants .............................................................................. 17 Health hazards related with nitrate in groundwater ............................................................. 18 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 19 References ...................................................................................................................... 19","PeriodicalId":196339,"journal":{"name":"Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129660780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}