This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0011
R. Upitis
{"title":"Creating Music with Technology","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter advances several ideas for using digital technologies to enable children to improvise and compose, while also cautioning that the use of these technologies should not replace the primacy of learning music through the body. The chapter opens with a retrospective examination of the digital tools that were used in a particular school thirty years ago, with an emphasis on the elements that have endured over the ensuing decades. This allows for a broad discussion about the future of digital music tools in creative musicianship. The chapter closes with a discussion of “slow music”—music learning that is approached in a reflective, mindful way, combining old and local ideas with new technologies for recording, listening, performing, and creating.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124105656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0008
R. Upitis
{"title":"A Community of Practice to Support Notational Development","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides the means for teachers to create a community of practice in their classrooms, through both the types of approaches and specific activities, setting the stage for children to create their own music notations. It argues that rich learning can take place when notations are created and developed in a community of musicians engaged in similar undertakings. Examples in the chapter abound. The students notate their compositions to remember them or to allow someone else to play their music, just as notations developed historically for similar reasons. The activities described in this chapter, deliberately designed to develop notational skills, are relayed through anecdote and example. These activities set the backdrop for a closer look at notational development in the two chapters that follow.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126461450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0009
R. Upitis
{"title":"Stages of Notational Development","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the research on invented music-notation systems, comparing the music notations generated by children with invented spellings, as well as describing the role that music training plays in shaping children’s notations of their own compositions. It also explores the role of developing notations in a creative community of practice. Further, the chapter outlines five developmental stages, beginning with the child who creates notations with no sound-symbol correspondence and moving through to notations showing the musical units, notations depicting limited rhythm and pitch information, and regulated but nonstandardized notations and ending with standardized music notation. The chapter is filled with examples from children to show how notations are developed, including a case study of a single child progressing through all of the developmental phases.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124646525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0003
R. Upitis
{"title":"A Music Playground","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the nature of informal and formal settings that support musical creativity. It describes how a classroom can function as a music playground, where there are many musical and notational materials to choose from, where rules are minimal and free play is encouraged, and where children are regarded as musicians and composers. The scope of playground materials in a music classroom playground is described—from art supplies to LEGO to conventional pitched instruments—and the role of such materials is illustrated through examples. The chapter discusses the importance of surrounding children with musical diversity, generating a real need for notational systems, providing critical feedback, and creating a community of musicians. Further, it includes an exploration of the types of communication that occur in a music playground, as well as the role of universal design.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0013
R. Upitis
{"title":"Developing the Singing Voice","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses how young children can develop their singing voices as part of a community of singers and creative musicians. Teaching singing is approached both through direct instruction and through the compositions that children themselves create. Some of the techniques discussed involve pitch matching in a musical context, including solfège techniques and songs. The importance of voice regulation is also discussed, and several classroom activities involving chants and poetry are described, where children can both learn about voice regulation and create original work. The emphasis throughout is on singing with meaning and on the joys that can come with developing one’s individual voice in a community that sings.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115080201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0002
R. Upitis
{"title":"On the Teaching of Music","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter opens with a broad introduction to the ways music is important throughout our lives and then addresses the crux of the issue: teachers often wish to approach music more creatively but feel that they lack the expertise to do so. This leads to a discussion of the limitations of traditional approaches to teaching music and a description of the overall tone of the book—namely, one that combines anecdote and example and does not shy away from describing the struggles that are an inevitable part of learning to teach in new ways. Children’s notations, produced when they create their own music, are introduced and then contextualized developmentally by juxtaposing music notations with other forms of symbol-system development (e.g., drawing the human figure). The chapter invites teachers to enjoy children’s musical offerings by viewing these works as the magical, funny, ingenious, and treasured gems that they are.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133701161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0014
R. Upitis
{"title":"Making Instruments—Sound and Symbol","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"When one makes one’s own instruments, many opportunities arise for understanding how sound is created. This chapter describes not only how students made instruments but also how they explored sound using simple materials like string and straws, learning how pitch is changed through, for example, the length of the string, the tension, and the thickness. The discussion is integrated with anecdotes of how this instrument making was reflected in the children’s compositions and performances. Finally, the chapter considers how the instruments made and/or chosen by students, and the ensembles they create, have an influence on notation—and vice versa. There is also discussion of how performance and careful listening can help students understand Western harmonic structures and develop their sense of form.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124802050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0010
R. Upitis
{"title":"Bridging Invented Notations to Standard Notation","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190884956.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter suggests various ways in which children’s invented notations can be used as bridges to standardized forms. It begins by exploring how conventional symbols can be introduced through invented symbols, and it goes on to discuss the role of audience in shaping notational systems, especially when that audience is made up of peers who are also learning to use standard systems through their own invented notations. Several methods of moving to standard forms through direct instruction are also described, including instructional methods that involve movement, visual representations, and sound to embody the relationships among pitch, rhythm, and notational forms.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125133566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0015
R. Upitis
{"title":"Teachers as Mentors","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the important relational role that teachers can play in shaping the musical development of their students. Literature on the mentorship role that teachers can play is used to frame the chapter. A discussion of the importance of caring for students and showing passion for one’s discipline is followed by a description of the author’s personal and professional relationship with one of her childhood private music teachers. The chapter contemplates the nature of the teacher-student relationship, particularly in the context of private music lessons, and offers a description of the maturing of a relationship where the teacher became a coach, and eventually a trusted colleague.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115859532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Too is MusicPub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0007
R. Upitis
{"title":"Improvisation—Play First, Write Later","authors":"R. Upitis","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884956.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes a number of improvisational activities, including improvising using keyboards and Orff instruments, and explores pentatonic, whole-tone, and blues scales, among others. Through anecdote and example, the chapter discusses how movement and musical improvisation activities, based on visual patterns found in the classroom environment, can be used to create compositions. These visual patterns, found, for example, on the clothes that someone is wearing, can serve as notational systems and as a way of transitioning to invented and standardized notational systems. The chapter also considers the notions of the teacher as learner and of intentional listening as an important way of shaping musical improvisations.","PeriodicalId":196182,"journal":{"name":"This Too is Music","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130586591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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