Open Access Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the natural progesterone and estradiol on the fertility of cows (bos taurus/bos indicus) inseminated in time fixed in the tropics of Guerrero, Mexico","authors":"Rosendo Cuicas Huerta","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00113","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock in Mexico is one of the most profitable productive activities, currently has 30, 833, 978 heads of cattle. Achieving a calf per cow per year in a bovine production system means that, after 365 days of the year, 283 days of the gestation period, the females should be pregnant again after 82 days of calving. Taking into account the 40 to 60 days of recovery of reproductive capacity after childbirth, cows have only one estrus or two to achieve the next pregnancy. The timely detection of jealousy is one of the main factors for good reproductive performance in livestock, considering the failure of this activity, one of the main reasons for the increase in the interval between births in herds. In order to avoid the problem with heat detection, various estrus synchronization protocols have been developed. These treatments are known as fixed-time artificial insemination protocols (IATF).1 There are protocols for the synchronization of estrus that can induce the presence of heats in 75-90% of the animals in a period of 5 days. Without the use of estrus synchronization, only 30% of estrus detection in animals can be achieved. With the synchronization, a conception range of 65% is reached, the difference lies in the gestation range, where with synchronization a pregnancy percentage of 49% is reached and only 21% without using this protocol.2 In this context, the importance of the work is to provide an accessible, reliable and updated source of information about the different techniques of estrus synchronization on the rate of gestation of cows.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86611799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of air pollution on vegetable crops","authors":"A. Bhushan","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78310269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological tool/scale development used in scientific quantitative research","authors":"Moses Muhindo Kibalirwandi","doi":"10.15406/OAJS.2018.02.00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/OAJS.2018.02.00111","url":null,"abstract":"Employees’ policy implementation compliance remains a challenge in most developing countries since policy formulation process has been identified to be with gaps not well addressed. The reasons for failure to implement policies include among others domestic political realities, mismatches between the pattern of costs and benefits overtime or limited technical expertise or institutional capacity.1 Stakeholders or policy implementers are never involved during policy formulation hence policy knowledge gaps affects implementation process.2 Factors to be considered for knowledge are purpose of institutions, purpose of policy, theories, mission of organization, procedures of policy formulation, clear practices, and guidelines.8 Participation or involvement of employees in decisionmaking has got two major purposes; to increase employees’ motivation and commitment. The employees’ knowledge and skills are channeled to increase productivity and efficiency in the organization or industry.3 Each institution is expected to develop quality assurance policy which is publically available for purpose of acquaintance.4 Unfortunately some institutions of higher learning have established quality assurance offices without formulating overall institutional policy on quality assurance which should be publically available to employees.5 Policy formulation has to include all stakeholders’ thoughts and it is most importantly taken at higher strategic level in the organization. Its implementation and benefits are seen evident at community level.6","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of improved crop seed utilization system across small scale farmers in southern Ethiopia: The case of Sodo Zuirya in Wolaiyta, Mareka in Dawuro and Kacha Birra in Kambata Tambaro zones","authors":"Z. Bassa, Tessema Erchafo, Seyfu Tyohannis, A. Bashe","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00107","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is a back bone of Ethiopia’s economy, supporting 85 percent of the population’s livelihoods, and accounting for 46 percent of gross domestic product, and 80 percent of export value. Given the significant current and future role of the agriculture sector, a vibrant seed system that provides quality seed to meet the demands of farmers is an essential enabler to continued economic and social development small scale farmer in particular and country of Ethiopia in general.1 Seed is a key input for improving crop production and productivity. Increasing the quality of seeds can increase the yield potential of the crop by significant folds and thus, is one of the most economical and efficient inputs to agricultural development.2 Agriculture low productivity is partly due to limited use of improved varieties and associated technologies, so the availability and use of improved varieties and seeds play an important role in this endeavor. The annual potential seed requirement is estimated to be more than 150,000 tons, but the formal sector supply does not exceed 20,000 tons, of which 80-90% comes from the Ethiopian Seed Enterprise (ESE). The ESE, under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, is expected to support the rural development strategy and the improvement of the seed supply to smallholder farmers in particular, by filling the gap for economically important crop varieties.3 The study findings by Abebawu et al.,4 suggested that strengthening the Community based seed system as key option and the main source of improved seed. Moreover, proper training of farmers, market information network, incentive mechanism, and controlling the quality of seed should be given emphasis. To make Community based seed system sustainable coordination among key partners and proper institutional arrangements is of paramount importance. Strengthening farmers’ association/ union through institutional support should be given priority for sustainability of the scheme. Programs of emergency seed provision may undermine the informal institutions that people employ to cope with food and seed shortages, thus creating dependency on external interventions.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90119603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Escherichia coli associated with diabetic wounds; multi drug resistance and the occurrence of beta lactamase production in south-western Nigeria","authors":"I. Ibeh, O. Florence, Omorodion Nosa Tery","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00109","url":null,"abstract":"The β-Lactam agents such as penicillins,2 cephalosporin’s, monobactams and carbapenems, are among the most frequently prescribed antibiotics worldwide. In Gram-negative pathogens, β-lactamases remain the most important contributing factor to β-lactam resistance,3 and their increasing prevalence as well as their alarming evolution seem to be directly linked to the clinical use of novel sub-classes of β-lactams.4 β-Lactamases are bacterial enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics by hydrolysis, which result in ineffective compounds.5 At least 400 different types of β-lactamases, originating from clinical isolates, have been described and a website has been created to monitor the latest developments among the newer types of b-lactamases.6 Several excellent reviews have recently been published describing the microbiology, characteristics, and structure, epidemiology and treatment options of organisms producing newer types of b-lactamases. This report does not aim to be comprehensive, but rather to illustrate that extended-spectrum b-lactamase-(ESBL) producing bacteria are emerging pathogens in the community, and that clinical laboratories play a critical role for their detection and control. Many genera of gram-negative bacteria possess a naturally occurring, chromosomally mediated β-lactamase. These enzymes are thought to have evolved from penicillin-binding proteins, with which they show some sequence homology. This development was likely due to the selective pressure exerted by β-lactam-producing soil organisms found in the environment.7 The first plasmid-mediated β-lactamase in gram-negatives, TEM-1, was described in the early 1960s.5 The TEM-1 enzyme was originally found in a single strain of E. coli isolated from a blood culture from a patient named Temoniera in Greece, hence the designation TEM.8,9 Being plasmid and transposon mediated has facilitated the spread of TEM-1 to other species of bacteria. Within a few years after its first isolation, the TEM1 β-lactamase spread worldwide and is now found in many different species of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Another common plasmid-mediated β-lactamase found in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli is SHV-1 (for sulphurhydryl variable). The SHV-1 β-lactamase is chromosomally encoded in the majority of isolates of K. pneumoniae but is usually plasmid mediated in E. coli.10","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79156705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and standardization of indigenized emotional intelligence scale","authors":"S. Marwaha","doi":"10.15406/OAJS.2018.02.00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/OAJS.2018.02.00110","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence (EI) has offered new paradigm for educationalists that try to explain success and adjustment to environment. Concept of the EI first was developed by Mayer et al.,1 However Goleman2 made it popularized and publicized. Large body of the research has proved that EI has positive impact on educational attainment, social adjustment, happiness, and academic self-efficacy.3–10 however there are disagreements and conflicts about definitions, qualities, and conceptualization of the EI. Those disagreements have stemmed from measurement paradigm of the EI.11 There are mainly three streams in EI: ability model, mixed models, and trait model.11 Salovey and Mayer1 developers of the ability model, described as that EI is the capacity to recognize and manage emotions in ourselves and in others, process emotional information. In the ability model, EI is assumed as capability of carrying out accurate emotional reasoning.1 The ability model constructs emotion and reasoning under same phenomena. The model consists of four abilities (those accurately perceiving emotion, using emotion to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion).12 In the ability model, there is a close interaction among the skills. For instance a child cannot be efficacious without perceiving emotion in herself.1 Mixed models, another approach to the EI, views the EI as an integration of skills and qualities such as personality and motivational dispositions that are necessary to use the EI in real life. Proponents of the EI13 with a wide range of skills and competencies rather than to define it as a single construct. In other words, EI is explained through broad definitions such as noncognitive capability, competency, skill or emotionally intelligent behavior, and dispositions of personality.13 Bar-On8 describes the EI as cluster of noncognitive skills that are necessary to cope with effectively environmental demands. BarOn6 suggests that the EI is one of the main determinants of effective human behavior. Bar-On (1997) developed EI model consisting of intrapersonal capacity, interpersonal skills, adaptability, stress management, motivation, and general mood.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77667123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective of metacognition in solving math problems in Vietnam secondary schools","authors":"Nguyen Thi Huong Lan","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00108","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical education in the 21st century is how to confront with novel issues in the real world, to foster creative thinking skills and foster effective learning. In an effort to innovate teaching and learning to prepare for a new generation for the demands of the new era, many educators have discovered the value of metacognition. The problem-solving experience that students encounter in schools is no longer relevant to today’s world. Mathematical problem solving is how to find the direction from a particular situation in which the goals and solutions are clearly defined, especially the most challenging aspects of the problems encountered in many industries today relate to the development of useful ways of mathematical thinking on related relationships, models, and rules. From the point of view of Lesh & Farzad Bahmaei et al.,1,2 with the increasing importance in the global market change, mathematic now is the greater need for skilled mathematic and technological laborers. The processes such as: building, describing, explaining, predicting, representing as well as quantifying, coordinating and organizing data provide a basis for the development of capabilities. It is increasingly important because of the ability of collaborating on multi-dimensional projects, planning, monitoring are essential to success. Mathematics is always one of the most difficult subjects to students. Von Glaserfeld (1995) states that educators have found that many students, who are able to learn the necessary formulas and apply them to the limited range of textbooks and test cases; have not understood concepts and conceptual relationships when they face with novel issues.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85340341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dividend announcement on stock prices in Muscat securities market, Muscat","authors":"P. K, K. P","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00106","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of capital market enables company to obtain an alternative source of fund. On the other hands, it gives flexibility for investor to choose investment based on their preference. The company and investor who are involved in the capital market, understanding about capital market condition becomes matter in order to understand how the market is actually works. Shares of companies traded in the financial markets and where is the market value of the shares is determined by supply and demand, and so by selling and buying in the financial market. The investors are evaluated the stocks of companies based on many financial factors, including: Earnings per share and dividend policy. In addition to many other factors, as there are non-financial factors, such as the news circulating in the market and the administration’s reputation and the nature of the activity of the company. It is also considered the financial markets indicators of important measures that indicate the size of the economy and its kind and the availability of liquidity in the market, transparency and efficiency, so is the market value of the shares of the most important financial market indicators.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87959625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of male and female urine on growth and phytochemical constituents of Zea Mays","authors":"Sheneni Victor Duniya","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00105","url":null,"abstract":"Human urine is an aqueous solution made up of more than 95% water, with the remaining constituents made up of urea, creatinine, dissolved ions (chloride, sodium, potassium, etc), inorganic and organic compounds or salts.1 The amount produced per day varies considerably. Urine comprises only about 1 % of the waste water an individual produces in a day,2 thus making the amount about 1-1.5liters/person/day. The actual quantity per person per day is affected by factors such as: recent fluid intake (water, and other food/drinks that include water) diet, temperature, blood pressure and general health.3It is a liquid product of the human body secreted by the kidneys, containing large amounts of soluble nutrientss.4 Urine is a valuable source of nutrients that has been used since ancient times to enhance the growth of plants, notably leafy vegetables.5 The nutrients in urine are in ionic form and their availability has been found to be comparable with chemical fertilizers.6 Too much volume of human urine applied on agricultural land as fertilizer, may cause excess sodium in soil and eventually in plant. Sodium inhibits plant growth by interfering with water uptake in root and interfering with the uptake of competitive nutrients.7–9 Excess urine in the soil can introduce toxic levels of nutrient into the soil and thus kill the plant as seen in the case of urine fertilizer; the large amount of nitrogen is the main concern. A rule of thumb is that the toxic level of nitrogen is approximately four times the normal fertilization rate.5 This provides a large factor of safety for the use of urine fertilizer if nitrogen is kept at an acceptable level. It is generally accepted that other nutrients present in urine will stay at an acceptable level except in rare cases.5","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73980677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal long term operation policies associated with the generated affectations – low regulation capacity reservoirs","authors":"Sadoth Fabián Huerta Loera","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2018.02.00104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88175318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}