Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Factors Affecting Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis: A Review","authors":"A. Harun","doi":"10.17140/vmoj-4-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-4-133","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2019 by Sali K. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 27 Review | Volume 4 | Issue 1| cc There is a diversified microbial ecosystem in the rumen for efficient utilization of diet by providing essential nutrient to their host. But there are different factors affecting rumen microbial protein synthesis which are physical factors, chemical factors, dietary factors, biological factors and endogenous factors. Among the details of factors, dietary factors and ruminal pH are the dominant factors influencing rumen microbial protein production. The effects of some dietary factors, on the amount and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, are discussed in this review. Specifically, these factors include forage quality diets, level of feed and types of feed. It seemed that diets containing a mixture of forages and concentrates increase the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis because of an improved rumen environment for the growth of more diverse bacterial species. This review describes physical and chemical factors which include: pH and buffer system, oxygen concentration, rumen outflow rate and synchronized release of nitrogen and energy from the diet, a nitrogen compound, energy spilling, vitamins and minerals and antimicrobials chemicals, respectively. Age, species, physiological status, sex, and stress are among endogenous factors that mostly affect microbial protein synthesis of a ruminant. Bacteriophages, protozoa predation and bacterial lysis are biological factors affecting the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. All these factors have a direct effect on the synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen. Therefore, the cumulative effects of the above factors are resulted in the depopulation of rumen microflora and finally reduction of animal product. So, improvement in quantitative aspect of microbial protein synthesis solves many problems from simple to complex so that, the quantitative aspect of rumen microbial biomass are invaluable for health and productivity of ruminants than qualitative aspect hence, maintain health rumen ecosystem means having healthy ruminant.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81036113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Rate of Calves and Assessment Reproductive Performance of Heifers and Cows in Dida Tuyura Ranch, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Kebamo, T. Jergefa, J. Dugassa, A. Gizachew, T. Berhanu","doi":"10.17140/vmoj-4-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-4-130","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2019 by Kebamo M. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 Retrospective Study | Volume 4 | Issue 1| cc Background and Aim The study was conducted at Dida Tuyura Cattle Breeding and Improvement Ranch in Borana zone, southern Ethiopia, with the aims of determining the mortality rate of Ethiopian Boran calves and assessment of the reproductive performance of heifers and cows. Materials and Methods The study was based on the retrospective record of calves, heifers, and cows. The data was taken from 1994-2010 on the calf survival rate and 1994-2005 on reproductive performance of the breed in the ranch were used for this study. The retrospective data collected over the years were used to identify factors associated with calf survival or death. Results The mortality rate of calves before weaning and after weaning was 13.3% and 11.2%, respectively. Age, sex and birth weight of calf had a significant effect on survival rate. The overall mean values age at first service, age at first calving, calving interval, days open and gestation length were 42.52, 51.67, 20.67, 11.30 and 9.30 months, respectively. Parity had a significant effect on both the calving interval and days open. Gestation length was not significantly affected by parity, sex, and birth weight of calf. Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that the obtained calf survival rate and reproductive performance are not sufficient to achieve the established objective of the ranch.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83538331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Urolithiasis and Concurrent Urinary Bladder Abnormalities: Symptoms, Haematology, Urinalysis and Comparative Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Diagnosis","authors":"A. Fromsa, N. Saini, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary Radiology","doi":"10.17140/vmoj-4-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-4-132","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2019 by Formsa A. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 18 Original Research | Volume 4 | Issue 1| cc Background Urocystoliths are difficult to palpate and physical examination findings, complete blood cell count (CBC) and serum biochemical analysis are usually normal and the clinical signs are not definitive. Thus diagnostic imaging is a crucial tool required to confirm the diagnosis of urolithiasis in dogs presented with non-specific clinical signs of urogenital affection.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82047360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Ovarian Cysts in Cattle with Poor Reproductive Performance Using Ultrasound and Plasma Progesterone Profile","authors":"N. Yimer, A. Haron, R. Yusoff","doi":"10.17140/VMOJ-3-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/VMOJ-3-126","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2018 by Yimer N. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 Original Research | Volume 3 | Number 1| cc Introduction: The present study investigated the occurrences of cystic ovarian diseases (COD) and abnormal ovarian cyclicity (AOC) in cows with delayed postpartum period and heifers with delayed age at first calving. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 cattle which comprised of open cows >90 days postpartum, and heifers with delayed age (>24 months) at first calving were enrolled in the study. Animals were divided into four groups according to their breeds [24 Friesian Sahiwal (FRS), 31 Bradford (BRF), 15 Brangus (BR) and 32 Kedah Kelantan (KK)]. Blood plasma samples for progesterone (P4) analysis using radioimmunoassay (RIA) were obtained twice weekly for about three months. Concurrently, the ovarian activity was also monitored for the development of dominant follicles, corpora lutea as well as any cystic ovarian condition, using a B-mode ultrasound scanner. Results: The highest incidence of AOC associated with either COD or inactive ovaries occurred in Brangus (BR; 53.3%), and the lowest incidence was observed in Kedah Kelantan (KK) cows (12.5%). The difference in AOC was significant (p<0.05) between KK and the other three breeds. In cows, the incidence of COD was highest in FRS (30%), followed by BRF (13.3%), BR (14.3%), and KK (8.7%). Overall, the incidence of COD was higher in beef heifers than in cows. Prolonged luteal phase due to luteal cysts was the predominant type of AOC in the case of FRS (66.7%) while cessation of cyclicity due to follicular cysts was the primary abnormality observed in BR (75%), and BRF (76.9%). Conclusion: This study showed that AOC and COD were the major causes of reproductive failure in both dairy and beef cattle such that the KK cows were the least affected. Moreover, differentiation among the various types of COD was possible by the combined use of P4 data and ultrasonograms.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81941008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopy as a Diagnostic Tool in Bovine Reproduction: A Review","authors":"K. Sofi, Madhumeet Singh, Cskhpkv Palampur India Obstetrics","doi":"10.17140/VMOJ-3-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/VMOJ-3-127","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2018 by Sofi KA. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Review | Volume 3 | Issue 1| cc Laparoscopy is a procedure of examining the abdominal cavity and its contents with an illuminated telescope. Diagnostic laparoscopy is at present being utilized on a large scale in humans as well as in animals and has led to considerable advances in the diagnosis and management of fertility. For exploration and evaluation of infertility, laparoscopy is considered an essential step and a standard procedure and offers an excellent way through direct visualization to clarify the hidden pathology. Laparoscopy is used as a gold standard method for quite a variety of gynecological conditions especially in humans. The present review was written to record the use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool especially in bovine reproduction.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86477887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Dissociative Anaesthetics and Compatible Drug Combinations in Veterinary Clinical Practice","authors":"J. Dugassa, A. Fromsa","doi":"10.17140/vmoj-3-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-3-129","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2018 by Dugassa J. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 21 Review | Volume 3 | Issue 1| cc Background Dissociative anesthesia is a form of anesthesia characterized by catalepsy, catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia. Although some reviews and research findings are conducted regarding dissociative anaesthetics and its combination with other compatible drugs as clinical use, the information is highly scattered, not well compiled and presented for commercialization specially in Veterinary Medicine. Aim To review on importance of dissociative anaesthetics and its clinical relevance, and to review on combination of dissociative anaesthetics with other compatible drugs and its application in veterinary practices. Conclusion Dissociative anesthetic combinations are effective anesthetic induction regimens and can be used both to induce and maintain anesthesia in surgical procedures of mild to moderate intensity and short duration. Dissociative anesthesia resembles a cataleptic state in which the patient appears to be asleep, but does not respond to external stimuli. Ketamine and tiletemine is the common drug of this group mainly used in animals effectively. These drugs are mainly characterized by analgesia and superficial sleep with good somatic analgesia but poor visceral analgesia and muscle relaxation.","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81099131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on Pooled Productive and Reproductive Traits in Sahiwal Cattle","authors":"Jaswant Singh, C. Singh","doi":"10.17140/vmoj-3-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-3-128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79389373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Assessment of Body Fat in Dachshunds: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Jeffrey F Comstock,&nbsp;Jennifer L Wardlaw,&nbsp;Erin L Brinkman-Ferguson,&nbsp;Dennis E Rowe","doi":"10.4236/ojvm.2013.31001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2013.31001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has not been linked to causing intervertebral disc degeneration, but has been shown to influence time to ambulation, a strong long-term prognostic indicator in dogs with intervertebral disc disease. However, monitoring obesity to date is imprecise and subjective in the clinical setting. Having an objective formula based on morphometric measurements would potentially be more precise to track our patients' weights. Dogs have been shown to gain weight along their lumbar spine more rapidly than other areas. Varying body conformations make extrapolation from nonchondrodystrophic dogs to Dachshunds difficult. This study aimed to establish the region of fat accumulation along the thoracolumbar spine in Dachshunds. Retrospective computed tomographic (CT) analysis was performed on healthy Dachshunds that presented for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Fat area measured at L3 and L5 using attenuation ranges -135/-105 Hounsfield units (HU) was the most dependent on body weight (p = 0.05). There appeared to be no difference between subcutaneous, visceral or total percent body fat with weight agreement. T13, L3 and L5 all had linear relationships with patient weight and will likely be helpful for body mass index (BMI) formula creation (p < 0.01). This study indicates that any consistent location between L3 and L5 will give an accurate representation of the abdominal circumference and most obese area of the Dachshund with the umbilicus used as a landmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":19573,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415267/pdf/nihms670268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33272807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}