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Geospatial Methods and the Premodern Economy: Mapping the Institutional Landscapes of Northern Europe, 1350–1650 地理空间方法与前现代经济:绘制北欧制度景观，1350-1650
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2023-0007
B. Holterman, A. Huang
{"title":"Geospatial Methods and the Premodern Economy: Mapping the Institutional Landscapes of Northern Europe, 1350–1650","authors":"B. Holterman, A. Huang","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The premodern European transport network was accompanied by a number of institutions that affected the transaction costs related to commercial travel, such as fairs, staple markets and toll stations. With digital techniques and big datasets, it is now possible to study these phenomena on a grand scale and to reveal patterns in supraregional economic exchange. Using the Viabundus dataset on premodern transport and mobility in northern Europe (13501650), this article explores the possibilities that such data offer for understanding large-scale economic activity. By employing GIS mapping for visualisation purposes and methods of network analysis such as the calculation of betweenness centrality, the data on fairs, staple markets and toll stations can help us understand the institutional structure of the premodern economy in which merchants operated.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"53 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123345565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digitizing Carroll D. Wright’s “Hand and Machine Labor” Study 数字化卡罗尔·d·赖特的“手工和机器劳动”研究
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2023-0002
J. Atack, Robert A. Margo, Paul W. Rhode
{"title":"Digitizing Carroll D. Wright’s “Hand and Machine Labor” Study","authors":"J. Atack, Robert A. Margo, Paul W. Rhode","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe our digitization of a uniquely detailed study of 19th century production methods assembled by the United States Department of Labor (1899). The staff spent five years collecting and assembling data on the production of hundreds of highly specific products (as well as some services) at the production operations level using traditional artisanal (“hand”) methods and by the (then) most modern “machine” methods, measuring productivity in terms of the time taken to complete a specific task or set of tasks. The data proved too complex and voluminous to use, except as a source of anecdotes, until now. We describe how we have made these invaluable data from the first industrial revolution tractable to modern analysis and how they might be used to provide insight and perspective into the effects of robotics and artificial intelligence on labor during the third industrial revolution.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129182577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Debates, Plans and Interventions to Overcome the 1931 Banking Crisis in Romania and Bulgaria 克服1931年罗马尼亚和保加利亚银行危机的辩论、计划和干预
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0017
Dominique Torre, N. Nenovsky
{"title":"Debates, Plans and Interventions to Overcome the 1931 Banking Crisis in Romania and Bulgaria","authors":"Dominique Torre, N. Nenovsky","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the summer of 1931, the Austro-German banking crisis spread to Romania and Bulgaria. In the Romanian case, the management of the crisis confronted three types of protagonists – politicians, bankers and central bankers – and positions about the relevant attitude to adopt, in particular to avoid or not the Marmorosch Blank Bank bankruptcy. In Bulgaria, the management of the crisis was more consensual. The intervention of the Bulgarian National Bank allowed the refunding of the more important banks, while a further 34 were declared bankrupt and smaller ones silently disappeared. One of the largest banks in Bulgaria, Credit Bank, was rescued. Archive documents, reports of participants and comments from contemporaries, all emphasize the different conceptions of the function of lender of last resort as held by the different protagonists facing this systemic crisis.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125473297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Monetary Union of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom – Its Operation, Fragmentation and Break-up 澳大利亚、新西兰和英国的货币联盟——其运作、分裂和解体
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0014
Frank Decker
{"title":"The Monetary Union of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom – Its Operation, Fragmentation and Break-up","authors":"Frank Decker","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the monetary arrangements between Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom from the 1820s to the 1930s. It is argued that the three countries formed a monetary union for most of this period. A new analysis of inland and London exchange rates demonstrates that the union achieved a high degree of uniformity and stability, and that an international branch network of competing, private banks could successfully integrate vastly different geographic and economic areas. It is shown that the union’s break-up in the 1930s was the result of a political decision to create separate and devalued Australian and New Zealand currencies in order to mitigate some of the impacts of the Great Depression. International lending of last resort only played a limited role and helped to fix exchanges between the newly separated currencies after 1932.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130581569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Lending of Last Resort in Historical and Theoretical Perspectives: Introduction 历史与理论视角下的国际最后贷款:导论
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0011
Hans‐Michael Trautwein
{"title":"International Lending of Last Resort in Historical and Theoretical Perspectives: Introduction","authors":"Hans‐Michael Trautwein","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides an introduction to the special issue on international lending of last resort. Starting from debates about rescue operations and unconventional policies of major central banks in the contexts of the Global Financial Crisis and the European Debt Crisis, it draws attention to recurring controversies about trade-offs between averting critical contagion in financial markets and avoiding moral hazard. The need for international lending of last resort in strongly interconnected financial systems is more than ever evident, but there is no clear consensus on how to manage it. The contributions to this special issue put relevant issues in historical and theoretical perspectives.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Central Bank Cooperation and Lending of Last Resort in the Scandinavian Monetary Union 斯堪的纳维亚货币联盟的中央银行合作与最后贷款
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0016
Anders Ögren, Hans‐Michael Trautwein
{"title":"Central Bank Cooperation and Lending of Last Resort in the Scandinavian Monetary Union","authors":"Anders Ögren, Hans‐Michael Trautwein","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The functioning of multi-nation monetary unions with several central banks is conditioned by many factors and considerations, such as the capacity to deal with crises, the political will and operational skill to foster financial integration and to develop a mix of rules and discretion in the cooperation between the central banks. The Scandinavian monetary union (SMU) between 1873 and 1931 is a case in point for illustrating the importance of these factors and considerations. We examine the policies implemented in the Scandinavian countries to deal with asymmetries of payments flows and with financial crises at three levels: in an account of major crises that required lending of last resort, in a study of the clearing and settlement mechanism established in the union, and in a survey of contemporary economists’ views on lending of last resort and cooperation in the SMU.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"76 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113943235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Private Bank as Lender of Last Resort Under the Classical Gold Standard. 古典金本位下作为最后贷款人的私人银行。
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0013
Dieter Ziegler
{"title":"A Private Bank as Lender of Last Resort Under the Classical Gold Standard.","authors":"Dieter Ziegler","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author argues that the idea, that the Bank of England accepted Walter Bagehot's recommendations from around the 1870s onwards and adopted the role of lender of last resort for the British financial markets, is a misconception. The published balance sheets give this impression, but a closer analysis of the balance sheet shows that the Bank of England never lost sight of the profit motive and had tied its own hands through the composition of its asset portfolio in order to be able to intervene effectively in the case of crisis. Even the only serious threat to financial market stability in the period under review, the Baring crisis of 1890, could only be mastered thanks to a broad rescue operation, coordinated solely by the Bank of England. This experience obviously did not contribute to a lasting change in the orientation of the Bank’s business policy until the First World War.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Where’s my swap line?” “我的互换额度在哪里?”
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0019
Perry Mehrling
{"title":"“Where’s my swap line?”","authors":"Perry Mehrling","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The past two decades have seen the construction of a tiered system of international liquidity provision, the first tier including those whose credit is sufficient for a swap line with the Fed, the second tier including those who can offer acceptable collateral to the Fed, and the third tier including everyone else. It is a global dollar system, with the Fed operating de facto as the global central bank providing international lender of last resort support to the system. It is a system created not so much by conscious design, but rather as a pragmatic response to crisis, bit by bit over time.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129038348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Economy of the Sino-Soviet Alliance. 中苏联盟的经济。
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0020
Tao Chen, J. Ẑofka
{"title":"The Economy of the Sino-Soviet Alliance.","authors":"Tao Chen, J. Ẑofka","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the research literature on the economic aspects of the “Sino-Soviet Alliance”, which lasted from the end of the Chinese Civil war until the Sino-Soviet split (1949-1960/63). The Soviet and Eastern European contribution to China’s industrialization, called the “largest technology transfer in human history” by some, still awaits detailed examination. This article aims to structure the field as well as inspire future research. The included studies range from on-the-ground microstudies of engineers at specific industrial construction projects to macro-perspectives on economic exchange, trade and governmental negotiations. In contrast to classical Cold War perspectives, which assume a primacy of (geo-)politics, the paper builds on more recent studies, arguing that economic rationales mattered in both the split and the forging of the alliance. The literature review suggests that the room for manoeuvre of actors beyond the Kremlin and party leaderships has to be measured anew, and that the impact of the alliance on Eastern Europe awaits further research. Finally, the influence of the West with its technologies and world markets becomes visible when these apparently exclusive East-East relations are examined more closely.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121565085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Latin Monetary Union Experience (1865‒1926): French Views on Monetary Union and Lending of Last Resort in Retrospect 拉丁货币联盟经验(1865-1926):回顾法国对货币联盟和最后贷款的看法
Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1515/jbwg-2022-0015
Nicolas Barbaroux
{"title":"The Latin Monetary Union Experience (1865‒1926): French Views on Monetary Union and Lending of Last Resort in Retrospect","authors":"Nicolas Barbaroux","doi":"10.1515/jbwg-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Latin Monetary Union (hereafter LMU) was established in 1865 between France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland. The agreement provided for the adoption of a common monetary base consisting of specie, and the adoption of the free circulation of gold and silver coins among them, whatever the issuing country. Despite its original goal, the minting of silver coins was subject to numerous restrictions (especially between 1874 and 1876) before being fully suspended by article nine of the convention of November 5th 1878. The necessity for a lender of last resort quickly appeared in practice, even though the 1865 convention, and its numerous amendments, did not mention it in theory. The present article looks at how the idea of the lender of last resort was discussed in the context of the Latin Monetary Union. Specifically, it focuses on two opposing views on the LMU and its problems, as adopted by French economists at the time. The article concludes that the Banque de France played a crucial role in safeguarding the LMU. Referring to Bordo’s 1990 typology of lenders of last resort, we also add a fifth type, that of converter of last resort, to characterise the specific role played by the Banque de France.","PeriodicalId":195429,"journal":{"name":"Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132291339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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