2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献

Power supply of a rural off-grid health center — A case study 农村离网医疗中心的电力供应——一个案例研究

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343947

Szilard Liptak, A. Stone, Felipe Larrain

{"title":"Power supply of a rural off-grid health center — A case study","authors":"Szilard Liptak, A. Stone, Felipe Larrain","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343947","url":null,"abstract":"Presently, more than 7 million Haitians have no access to power nor basic energy related services. Available generation capacity of Haiti reaches 212 MW, which is insufficient to meet the estimated peak demand of more than 500 MW in the whole country. This deficit severely impacts basic essential facilities such as health care centers. The IEEE Student Branch PES Chapter at Georgia Tech established a project to design and implement a microgrid to supply power to a recently established health center in the mountains of Thoman, Haiti. Several combinations of power generating units were evaluated on an economic basis, including: a standalone diesel generator (DG), photovoltaic (PV) panels with batteries, and PV panels with batteries and a DG. Key parameters including power rating, daily energy production, maximum annual capacity shortage, etc., were also incorporated into the economic evaluation. This paper outlines the preliminary microgrid design steps, assessment of topology alternatives, site visit, detailed design and the fundraising process. Only commercial off-the-shelf parts were considered for device selection. To verify the preliminary design, a site visit was conducted in February 2015. Installation and commissioning is expected to take place later this year.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A method of powering a nebulizer manually using parts locally available in Honduras 一种使用洪都拉斯当地可用部件手动为雾化器供电的方法

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343952

R. Dzwonczyk, M. Brockman, Daniel George, Nathan Hankins, M. McHugh, Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto

{"title":"A method of powering a nebulizer manually using parts locally available in Honduras","authors":"R. Dzwonczyk, M. Brockman, Daniel George, Nathan Hankins, M. McHugh, Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343952","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this project was to design and build a simple, low-cost human-powered nebulizer (HPN) using locally available parts purchased in Honduras, and evaluate its clinical performance. The work was performed by students in an international engineering service-learning program at The Ohio State University. Nebulizers are used to treat people with respiratory diseases, e.g. asthma, which have a high prevalence in Honduras. Our design consists of a bicycle pump, two pump needles, plastic medical tubing, a soccer ball, air filter and a nebulizer/mask, all connected in series. A common motorcycle fuel filter serves as the air filter in the system. Pumping the foot-operated bicycle pump generates air pressure/flow in the system. The soccer ball acts as a low-pass mechanical compliance filter to smooth the time-varying pressure/flow pattern. We established a pumping frequency - 40 strokes/minute - that produced a pressure and volumetric flow rate consistent with a commercial electrically-powered medical nebulizer compressor. In a pilot study in Honduras, we compared our HPN - costing USD17 to construct from locally available parts - to a commercial nebulizer - costing several hundred dollars to purchase - as to how each improved the patients' breathing performance. We measured breathing performance before and after treatment with a standard peak-flow spirometer. Each machine improved the patients' breathing performance (p≤0.001); we found no difference in breathing improvement between the two machines (p=0.288) in this small study. Qualitatively, patients in both groups reported improved breathing performance following treatment. Our HPN is currently being used in clinics in the Choluteca region of Honduras where commercial nebulizers and the electricity needed to power them are scarce or unavailable.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"88 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Characteristics of a 3D-printed prosthetic hand for use in developing countries 在发展中国家使用的3d打印假手的特点

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343956

Corinne Dally, Daniel Johnson, Moriah Canon, Sarah C. Ritter, Khanjan Mehta

引用次数: 34

Simplified modeling of a PV panel by using PSIM and its comparison with laboratory test results 利用PSIM简化了光伏板的建模，并与实验室测试结果进行了比较

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343997

A. Salman, Arthur Williams, H. Amjad, M. L. Bhatti, Muhammad Saad

引用次数: 20

Promoting literacy for prisoners' rehabilitation 推进罪犯改造扫盲

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344006

Mir Azmath Ali, J. D. Ranadive

{"title":"Promoting literacy for prisoners' rehabilitation","authors":"Mir Azmath Ali, J. D. Ranadive","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344006","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the jail occupancy level has been around 113% for last few successive years, which calls for an urgent need to address not only spiritual and moral but also economic rehabilitation of prisoners as well. The paper discusses how the corporates can become a catalyst in improving a prisoner's rehabilitation through innovative and sustainable solutions and help the aim and objectives of the government with various well designed programmes. This paper takes into the account the literacy aspect of prisoners in various jails in India and impresses upon as to how the Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic (3Rs) of Functional Literacy can have a positive bearing on Reformation and Rehabilitation (2Rs) in the prison environment to support the moral, educational and vocational development of the jail inmates through available resources in prisons. The paper gives an account of the life and context of prisoners in India's prisons and the role of the industry to create an environment that helps to transform jails into real reformatories. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) saw it done through its indigenous Adult Literacy Programme software encompassing (3Rs), which has been implemented across the jails in India. The programme is being implemented as a joint initiative of the respective Departments of Prisons and TCS. TCS, with its programme objectives · Impart `Functional Literacy' to non-literate inmates · Provide the excluded a second chance to empower and enable themselves to deal with challenges of a literate society · Provide inmates opportunities for creative use of time and energies has successfully been helping thousands of prisoners achieve empowerment through learning and thus facilitating transformation of individuals and improving their reforms.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133465939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a single-use, disposable, electricity-free, nucleic acid amplification platform 研制一次性、一次性、无电的核酸扩增平台

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344003

Steven P. Diesburg, Dylan Guelig, R. Burton, Jered Singleton, P. Labarre

{"title":"Development of a single-use, disposable, electricity-free, nucleic acid amplification platform","authors":"Steven P. Diesburg, Dylan Guelig, R. Burton, Jered Singleton, P. Labarre","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344003","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate diagnostic tools are essential for effective diagnosis, treatment, and tracking of individuals with infectious diseases. Diagnosis can be especially difficult in low-resource settings with limited infrastructure or unreliable access to electricity. Our previous work has demonstrated feasibility of a reusable configuration of an electricity-free, non-instrumented nucleic acid amplification platform (NINA) that complements isothermal assays for precise detection of a variety of pathogens. To maximize the potential impact of the NINA technology, we redesigned the technology in a disposable configuration to meet challenging cost, size, and ease of use requirements. This paper discusses the development of the single-use, disposable NINA platform. Key challenges included meeting repeatability, temperature stability, and precision targets. Through an iterative design process, we met these challenges using a novel design strategy including re-engineering of phase change materials (PCMs), addition of thermal enhancement additives to the PCM, and metered introduction of reactants using porous media. Manufacturing, performance, and reproducibility challenges were addressed, and the resultant design was rigorously tested in preparation for the production of a pilot batch of 150 disposable NINA devices that will be used for device and assay performance testing.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123668200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Design of an off-grid energy kiosk in rural Zambia 赞比亚农村离网能源亭的设计

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343946

H. Louie, M. Shields, S. Szablya, Likonge Makai, Kimberly Shields

引用次数: 14

Smart diagnostic algorithms for automated detection of childhood pneumonia in resource-constrained settings 资源受限环境下儿童肺炎自动检测的智能诊断算法

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344000

E. Naydenova, A. Tsanas, C. Casals-Pascual, M. Vos

{"title":"Smart diagnostic algorithms for automated detection of childhood pneumonia in resource-constrained settings","authors":"E. Naydenova, A. Tsanas, C. Casals-Pascual, M. Vos","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344000","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under five, with 1.1 million deaths annually more than the combined burden of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis for this age group; the majority of these deaths occur in resource-constrained settings. Accurate diagnosis of pneumonia relies on expensive human expertise and requires the evaluation of multiple clinical characteristics, measured using advanced diagnostic tools. The shortage of clinical experts and appropriate diagnostic tools in many low and middle income countries impedes timely and accurate diagnosis. We demonstrate that the diagnostic process can be automated using machine learning techniques, processing several clinical measurements that could be obtained with affordable and easy-to-operate point-of-care tools. We evaluated our findings on a dataset of 1093 children, comprising 777 diagnosed with pneumonia and 316 healthy controls, on the basis of 47 clinical characteristics. Seven feature selection techniques were used to identify robust, parsimonious subsets of clinical characteristics, which could be measured reliably and affordably. Standard machine learning techniques, such as support vector machines and random forests, were used to develop a predictive algorithm based on the four jointly most predictive characteristics (temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation); this approach led to 96.6% sensitivity, 96.4% specificity, and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 97.8%. The proposed approach can be easily embedded in a mobile phone application, allowing for point-of-care assessment and identification of children in need of clinical attention by basically trained healthcare workers in resource-constrained settings.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127290324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Flexible D-agent architecture for DER operation in a rural Indian microgrid 印度农村微电网DER运行的灵活D-agent架构

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343950

Vikram Vel, Meghana Kavakuntala, R. Rajesh, H. Sekar, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan

引用次数: 1

Identifying end-user requirements for communication systems in disadvantaged environments 确定不利环境中通信系统的最终用户需求

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343986

Jessica Menold, Lydia Weizler, Yan Liu, S. Bilén, Scarlett R. Miller

{"title":"Identifying end-user requirements for communication systems in disadvantaged environments","authors":"Jessica Menold, Lydia Weizler, Yan Liu, S. Bilén, Scarlett R. Miller","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343986","url":null,"abstract":"Communication and information exchange are critical for effective response to emergencies and disasters. However, most existing communication solutions lack flexibility and are not robust enough in disconnected, interrupted, or remote communication environments. Traditional communication tools fail to meet the increasingly complex needs of both public safety and private industry workers during emergency response. The Department of Homeland Security has sponsored the Pennsylvania State University and MIT Lincoln Laboratory to develop and prototype a new communication solution to operate in these disadvantaged environments, defined herein as emergency instances in which cellular or other typical modes of communication are down. Previous research has explored the communication methods and the dynamics of information exchange on first response teams. This work focuses on comparing the needs of alternative users, defined as non-first response organizations such as the American Red Cross, with the needs of the previously studied user group (first response teams). Survey responses and interviews enabled the exploration of current practices, with an emphasis on identifying the differences and similarities amongst the various user groups. Low-fidelity and medium-fidelity prototypes were created based on the interview and survey responses and were field-tested in order to gather user feedback. Design recommendations emphasizing day-to-day use were then developed and assessed by the user groups. These recommendations tailor the communication interfaces to better meet the needs of a variety of users resulting in more efficient and effective emergency response.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126854405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4