Nomadic Peoples最新文献_第6页

Citizenship, Resistance and Animals: Karamoja Region Pastoralists' Resilience against State Violence in Uganda 公民身份、抵抗与动物:乌干达卡拉莫贾地区牧民对国家暴力的复原力

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250207

I. Hazama

引用次数: 0

Resilience and the Mobility of Identity: Belonging and Change among Turkana Herders in Northern Kenya 韧性与身份的流动性：肯尼亚北部图尔卡纳牧民的归属与变化

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250204

Greta Semplici

{"title":"Resilience and the Mobility of Identity: Belonging and Change among Turkana Herders in Northern Kenya","authors":"Greta Semplici","doi":"10.3197/np.2021.250204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250204","url":null,"abstract":"Ideas of resilience are not new; they have travelled across several disciplines, stretching their original meanings to a considerable degree, turning into a 'key political category of our time' (Neocleous 2013). For the case of pastoralist groups, discussions about resilience predominantly\u0000 concern the state of pastoralism as a unitary and fixed entity and its prospects for survival in a world in turmoil (climate change, diseases and epidemics, conflicts, socio-economic transformations). In this context, references to resilience generally allude to local vulnerability, purporting\u0000 the need for external support. These accounts tend to ignore local voices and perceptions and neglect the role of identity, culture and change in self-presentation and everyday life. Based on fourteen months of fieldwork in the northern Kenyan drylands, this article flips dominant perspectives\u0000 on pastoralism and resilience, following the herders' self-definition, their construction of a shared identity and their, at times contradictory, positioning as part of a broader society. It argues that part of their resilience rests in the feeling of belonging and solidarity around a collective\u0000 identity, built in opposition to urbanities along symbolic boundaries. The article however shows how such identity remains nonetheless flexible and responsive to change, disrupting dichotomies and weaving different social worlds, such as rural and urban, together. Such flexibility is also\u0000 an important element of resilience for the capacity to change, stay attentive, and mobile.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41468353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Florian Köhler, Space, Place and Identity: Woaae of Niger in the 21st Century. Florian Köhler，空间、地点与身份:21世纪尼日尔的waaae。

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250210

Sandrine Loncke

引用次数: 0

Does Livelihood and Asset Diversification Contribute to Pastoralist Resilience?: the Case of Il Chamus, Baringo County, Kenya, 1980-2018 生计和资产多元化是否有助于牧民的复原力？：1980-2018年肯尼亚巴林戈县Il Chamus案

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250202

P. Little

{"title":"Does Livelihood and Asset Diversification Contribute to Pastoralist Resilience?: the Case of Il Chamus, Baringo County, Kenya, 1980-2018","authors":"P. Little","doi":"10.3197/np.2021.250202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250202","url":null,"abstract":"In studies of pastoralism, the concept of resilience has normally been applied to the analyses of post-shock recoveries ('bounce backs') within an ecological framework and and limited time and spatial perspectives. When temporal and spatial parameters are relaxed to span multiple decades\u0000 and geographies with widespread social changes and numerous shocks and recovery periods, understanding what resilience for pastoralists should look like is exceedingly complex and challenging. This article examines livelihood and asset diversification among Il Chamus of Baringo County, Kenya\u0000 over a 35+ year period (1980-2018) in the context of significant changes. It suggests that 'successful resilience' among pastoralists involves much more than the continuity of a pastoralist livelihood in a particular place. By addressing diversification trends among households both in towns\u0000 and rural spaces, the study shows that both better-off and poor households pursue non-pastoral strategies and assets, and that livestock remains an important real and symbolic form of capital even for those who work in towns. Finally, the article concludes that studies of pastoralist resilience\u0000 should consider long-term continuities and changes associated with market expansion and the strengthening of rural-town linkages, in order to understand how pastoral livelihoods evolve not just in response to short-term shocks but also to challenges and opportunities that wider socio-economic\u0000 changes present.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

How Many Spines Does a Cactus Have? Reflections on Oxford's 5th Interdisciplinary Desert Conference (1-2 July 2021) 仙人掌有多少根脊椎？关于牛津大学第五届跨学科沙漠会议的思考（2021年7月1日至2日）

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250208

Manannan Donoghoe

引用次数: 0

Resilience through Adaptation: Innovations in Maasai Livelihood Strategies 适应带来的复原力:马赛人生计战略的创新

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250206

J. Pollini, J. Galaty

{"title":"Resilience through Adaptation: Innovations in Maasai Livelihood Strategies","authors":"J. Pollini, J. Galaty","doi":"10.3197/np.2021.250206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/np.2021.250206","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines strategies adopted by Maasai and other pastoralists in Kenya to adapt to climate change, population growth, land loss, decreasing livestock holdings and land degradation, aimed at achieving greater socio-economic resilience. Using case studies mostly from Narok\u0000 County and reviewing the increasingly rich literature on pastoralism and conservation in East Africa, we show that pastoralists employ three main strategies to adapt their livelihood systems: intensification (changes in land use systems to increase productivity per hectare); extensification\u0000 (through territorial expansion into unoccupied areas or territories of neighbouring communities in our cases); and diversification (the combination of pastoralism with other livelihood strategies, mainly farming, conservation, tourism, business and wage jobs, often through migration to small\u0000 towns or urban centres). Maasai communities have been quick to adopt these strategies, individually or in combination, in order to overcome ecological and socio-economic stress and to pursue opportunities as they arise. Since these strategies are generally compatible with extensive pastoralism,\u0000 this land use will continue to play a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of people living in semi-arid and arid rangelands. However, when intensification and diversification through the adoption of ranching and farming occur, the rangeland becomes fragmented, with severe impacts on wildlife.\u0000 In such cases, incentives for sustaining conservation and wildlife tourism will need to increase to compensate land holders for foregoing these more intensive land uses, thus moving towards reconciliation of ecological sustainability and strengthened livelihoods. These findings are illuminated\u0000 by Gunderson and Holling's (2002) panarchy model and its nested adaptive cycles, where resilience is achieved by providing for change through loosening and reorganising connections between elements in the system.","PeriodicalId":19318,"journal":{"name":"Nomadic Peoples","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41283992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Guillaume Blanc. L'Invention du colonialisme vert: Pour en finir avec le mythe de l'Éden africain. 威廉·布兰克。绿色殖民主义的发明：结束非洲伊甸园的神话。

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250209

Diana K. Davis

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Rethinking Resilience in the Context of East African Pastoralism 引言：东非田园主义背景下的复原力反思

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Nomadic Peoples Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.3197/np.2021.250201

S. Konaka, P. Little

引用次数: 1

Dynamics of Cultural Value of Non-Pastoral Activities among the Daasanach in East Africa 东非达萨纳赫人非牧区活动的文化价值动态