New Zealand Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Plastid DNA sequence data of the extinct Logania depressa (Loganiaceae) from New Zealand confirm its generic placement","authors":"P. Heenan, R. Smissen, T. L. Cole, Jamie R. Wood","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2093120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2093120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The generic placement of the enigmatic and extinct Logania depressa from New Zealand has been uncertain due to the paucity of available plant material. This diminutive plant has only been collected once from the central North Island, New Zealand, by William Colenso on 22 February 1847. Logania depressa is dioecious and the single collection comprises only male flowers and does not include female flowers or fruit that feature generic diagnostic characters. Previously its relationship to Geniostoma has been considered and its affinities to Orianthera are unknown. Orianthera has been recently recognised as a segregate of Logania. Using leaf material from a small fragment of L. depressa held in Allan Herbarium (CHR) we recovered 9,368 bp of plastid sequence data that mapped to Mitreola yangchuensis, with Mitreola being the closest generic relative of Logania for which whole genome data was available. Available genetic data for Loganiaceae is limited to several chloroplast markers, including the rps16 intron, petD intron, and petD–petB intergenic spacer. From the novel plastid sequence data for Logania depressa, 48 bp of the rps16 intron, 45 bp of the petD intron and 49 bp of the petD–petB intergenic spacer could be recovered to compare with available Loganiaceae sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirmed L. depressa as the only New Zealand member of Logania sens. str., but its relationships to Australian species are unresolved.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"191 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nomenclatural history of Phormium colensoi Hook.f.","authors":"C. Earp","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2093119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2093119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The complicated nomenclatural history of Phormium colensoi Hook.f. is reviewed. The name and a very brief validating description, both attributed to Joseph Dalton Hooker, were published in 1848 in an article by Le Jolis. The brevity of the description does not affect the validity of the publication, and the name is here accepted as validly published. Indirect references to gatherings by Banks & Solander and by Colenso are discussed to identify original material. Plants seen during this study at localities close to those visited by Colenso have a diverse range of phenotypes, and Banks & Solander specimens also seem to show more than a single phenotype. A lectotype is therefore not designated at this time. Possible synonyms for P. colensoi are also discussed. Phormium cookianum Le Jol. is the name currently recognised by New Zealand botanists, but this has not historically always been the case. A Le Jolis specimen at Kew is designated as lectotype for P. cookianum. The possibility that P. cookianum is a provisional name, and is therefore invalid, is rejected. Phormium forsterianum Colenso is a validly published synonym, but is superfluous and illegitimate. Phormium hookeri Gunn ex Hook.f., commonly regarded as a subspecies of P. cookianum, may not be sufficiently different from phenotypes of P. colensoi to justify the same rank under that species. The conclusion by New Zealand botanists is that European writers on Phormium were greatly misled by the limited material they had to hand. An open question remains as to whether some or all the original specimens of P. colensoi and P. cookianum might be of hybrid origin. Until the necessary taxonomic work (genetic and population studies) has been done, the nomenclature of Phormium species should be regarded as an open question rather than being decided purely on publication dates.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"89 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48429146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A taxonomic, cytological and genetic survey of Japanese knotweed s.l. in New Zealand indicates multiple secondary introductions from Europe and a direct introduction from Japan","authors":"S. Desjardins, C. Pashley, J. Bailey","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2090848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2090848","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Japanese knotweed sensu lato is a group of invasive plants, including Reynoutria japonica (var. japonica, var. compacta), R. sachalinensis, R. × bohemica, F2s and any backcrosses. Outside of its native East Asia, Japanese knotweed s.l. is an intractable weed, spreading by massive clonal reproduction, and causing significant ecological damage and economic cost. Japanese knotweed s.l. has been naturalised in New Zealand for at least a century and it is now locally abundant, particularly on the West Coast of the South Island, and poses a substantial threat, with large parts of the country being susceptible to colonisation. However, little is known of the taxonomic, cytological and genetic diversity of the clones present in New Zealand, nor of the biogeographical origin of their source populations. In the current study, Japanese knotweed s.l. was sampled from New Zealand, and each specimen characterised in detail using morphological characters, diagnostic microsatellite markers, somatic chromosome counts and PCR-RFLP on three chloroplast regions to create multiprimer haplotypes (MPHs), all of which were compared with pre-existing global databases. On the North Island, Japanese knotweed s.l. is exclusively represented by the notorious female, octoploid var. japonica clone, which is widespread in Europe. While the South Island is more diverse, in addition to R. japonica var. japonica, there is a tetraploid var. compacta clone and several R. × bohemica clones (tetraploid & hexaploid). The majority of these are also of European stock and represent further secondary introductions from the existing adventive range. However, there is also evidence for tetraploid Japanese R. × bohemica clones growing on the West Coast that have never been recorded in Europe, or elsewhere in the adventive range, which represent independent introductions from the native range, possibly arriving with Asian workers in the New Zealand gold rush of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"49 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbena Incompta P.W.Michael: an overlooked name for an old weed in New Zealand","authors":"M. Ford","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2077116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2077116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Verbena incompta, an apparent native of South America, has been a misunderstood weed in New Zealand. Verbena incompta had been confused as intermediate between V. bonariensis and V. brasiliensis in Australia and Europe. Now Verbena incompta is known as a distinct species, being named in 1995. Until recently, this plant was mistaken for V. bonariensis in New Zealand, where it is widespread, found from the north of the North Island to the north of the South Island. Verbena incompta is a more robust plant then the rarer V. bonariensis, and these species can be easily separated: V. incompta has elongated flower spikes and V. bonariensis a broader corolla. The presence and history of the V. incompta in New Zealand is discussed with notes on its distribution and invasiveness since its naturalisation in 1871. The three species in the Verbena bonariensis complex (V. incompta and V. brasiliensis being the other two species) are compared and discussed with particular attention paid to distinguishing V. incompta and V. bonariensis. This was done through review of the overseas literature, and the examination and reidentification of herbarium material of Verbena in New Zealand. This showed that V. incompta is the most common weedy species of the Verbena bonariensis complex collected in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"38 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48558341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hymenotorrendiella clelandii (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Helotiaceae) and related species from Australia and New Zealand","authors":"P. Johnston, D. Park","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2052914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2052914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fungi in the class Leotiomycetes are ecologically diverse, including mycorrhizas, endophytes of roots and leaves, plant pathogens, aquatic and aero-aquatic hyphomycetes, mammalian pathogens, and saprobes. Hymenotorrendiella species are often assumed to be saprobic, their fruiting bodies developing on fallen leaves and dead wood but, in many cases, these putative saprobes are found on only a single host. For the leaf-inhabiting species this host specialisation has been shown to be driven by an endophytic phase to the life cycle, the initial infection of the host being on living leaves. Host specialisation has resulted in high levels of species diversity but within Hymenotorrendiella most of these species remain unnamed. In this paper four species of Hymenotorrendiella are accepted from Eucalyptus in Australia — the leaf-inhabiting H. communis, as well as three wood-inhabiting species, H. clelandii, and two species described here as new, H. spooneri and H. brevis. The leaf-inhabiting H. communis has an endophytic phase to its life cycle, fruiting on dead leaves but with infection initiated while the leaves are still alive and appears to have been moved around the world along with its Eucalyptus host. The biology of the wood-inhabiting species is unknown although H. clelandii occurs also in New Zealand on introduced Eucalyptus. Also described here are two other wood-inhabiting species from New Zealand that are closely related to H. clelandii – H. coriariae from Coriaria arborea, and H. pruinosa from Leptospermum and Kunzea. H. spooneri as accepted here appears to comprise a phylogenetically diverse complex of several closely related sister populations. These populations differ somewhat morphologically, but each is represented by only one specimen, making it impossible at present to assess the possible taxonomic significance of those morphological differences.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Tradescantia fluminensis complex (Commelinaceae) naturalised in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa","authors":"P. Heenan, Dagmar F. Cheeseman, C. Mitchell, M. Dawson, L. Smith, G. Houliston","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2055479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2055479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. is an invasive species in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. To assist biocontrol initiatives and management of the species we examine genetic variation in these countries and compare this to samples collected from its natural range in Brazil. Tradescantia fluminensis comprises two genetic groupings in New Zealand, both of which are shared with Australia and South Africa. One of these genotypes is relatively common in New Zealand and this is also shared with a Brazilian population. Populations of T. fluminensis in Australia and South Africa are genetically more variable than in New Zealand. Two other entities, T. mundula Kunth (syn. T. albiflora hort.) and T. umbraculifera Hand-Mazz. (syn. T. aff. fluminensis “Big”), new names for naturalised species in New Zealand, also comprise distinct genetic groups. These genetic data emphasise the importance of correct taxonomic identification of weed species being considered for biological control programmes. Tradescantia mundula and T. umbraculifera share a similar genome size and chromosome numbers (2n = 66, 68, 70 and 2C = 14.9 picograms), whereas T. fluminensis had lower values (2n = 56, 58; 2C = 11.7 picograms). Self-pollinations of T. fluminensis and T. umbraculifera failed to produce seed, confirming that these two taxa are self-incompatible. Tradescantia mundula is self-compatible as the majority (93%) of self-pollinations produced fruit. Tradescantia umbraculifera produced a low number of fruit and seeds per fruit when pollinated by T. mundula, but no fruit or seeds were formed when it was pollinated by T. fluminensis. Tradescantia fluminensis pollinated with T. mundula or T. umbraculifera failed to produce fruit or seeds. Self-incompatibility and failure to set seed when cross-pollinated with other species suggests the invasive T. fluminensis does not pose a threat of seedling establishment in indigenous ecosystems and vegetative spread remains the main method of reproduction and invasion.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"23 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47697567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand moss flora: a new combination and a new species in the genus Tridontium (Pottiaceae)","authors":"J. Beever, A. Fife, J. A. Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2047076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2047076","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new combination Tridontium cockaynei J.E.Beever, Fife & J.A.Jiménez is made, and a new species Tridontium milleneri J.E.Beever, Fife & J.A.Jiménez is described. The name T. cockaynei, first published as Trichostomum cockaynei R.Br.bis (1897), has priority over Weissia weymouthii R.Br.bis (1899), the basionym of Tridontium weymouthii (R.Br.bis) J.A.Jiménez & M.J.Cano (2021). Tridontium milleneri is described and named in honour of Prof. L.H. Millener. This article is a contribution towards clarifying the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of New Zealand plants for the Plant Names Database (Ngā Tipu Aotearoa) and the electronic Flora of New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"61 1","pages":"67 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49088888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeography of the widespread New Zealand tree lancewood/horoeka (Pseudopanax crassifolius; Araliaceae)","authors":"Michael R. Gemmell, L. Shepherd, Guiseppe C. Zuccarello, L. Perrie","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2037670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2037670","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding how genetic variation is spatially distributed is necessary for understanding the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. However, there has been little investigation into the phylogeography of widespread forest trees in Aotearoa New Zealand with studies to date showing little congruence in phylogeographic patterns. Pseudopanax crassifolius (lancewood/horoeka) is a widespread lowland forest tree endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand. We investigated the phylogeography of this species using microsatellites and chloroplast haplotypes and compare the results to published results from the closely-related P. ferox, which also has a widespread lowland distribution, but differs in its ecological preferences. Microsatellite genotypes revealed two weakly differentiated genetic clusters within P. crassifolius. One cluster comprised all individuals from the North Island plus those from the north-eastern and central-eastern South Island. The second cluster, which had lower levels of genetic variation than the northern cluster, encompassed the southern and western South Island. The southern cluster exhibited lower genetic diversity, particularly in the southern South Island, suggesting that the species was severely restricted, or even extirpated, from this region during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This result contrasts with the high level of genetic structuring observed in the closely-related P. ferox. There was evidence of asymmetric chloroplast introgression from P. ferox into P. crassifolius in the south-eastern South Island. Alternative scenarios that may have led to this asymmetric introgression are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"60 1","pages":"448 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferring the biogeography of New Zealand’s only endemic holoparasitic plant, the threatened Dactylanthus taylorii (Mystropetalaceae)","authors":"Todd G. B. McLay, J. Tate, C. Gemmill, A. Holzapfel, V. V. Symonds","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2035411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2035411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a rich history of botanical research, little is known about the distribution of genetic variation within New Zealand plant species. With a native vascular flora that consists of ∼80% endemics, nearly one-half of which are threatened, there is a dire need for a better understanding of intraspecific diversity for individual plant species and of biogeographic patterns for the wider New Zealand flora. To these ends, we have investigated population genetic structure in the endemic root holoparasite, Dactylanthus taylorii (pua o te Rēinga, Mystropetalaceae). A total of 235 individuals from 31 locations across the North Island of New Zealand (Te Ika-a-Māui, Aotearoa) were genotyped for a suite of nuclear microsatellite loci. Genotype data were analysed at the individual and population levels to assess genetic diversity within and among populations and to investigate the geographic distribution of genetic variation within the species. Population structure was assessed using Bayesian clustering, discriminant analysis of principal components, and a Neighbor-Net analysis. A hierarchical pattern of genetic diversity was revealed, with evidence for three broad geographic regional groupings (West, East, and Central Volcanic Plateau (CVP)). Upon further analysis, each of the three geographic groups further subdivide hierarchically into two or three genetic subgroups. Genetic diversity was found to be relatively high in this endangered species but varies considerably across populations. The distribution of genetic groups appears to have been influenced by past volcanic activity as the CVP group is largely coincident with a distinct tephra isopach from the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption and the West and East groups may have diverged due to recurring volcanic activity in the Central Volcanic Zone. The genetic structure resolved here provides important information for the management of D. taylorii specifically and for our understanding of New Zealand biogeography generally.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"60 1","pages":"331 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43275317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastid genome sequences are consistent with introduction of Phormium tenax to Norfolk Island and Chatham Islands by early East Polynesian voyagers but not vicariance explanations","authors":"R. Smissen, S. Scheele","doi":"10.1080/0028825X.2022.2032212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2022.2032212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phormium tenax (harakeke, New Zealand flax: Asphodelaceae) has long been considered indigenous to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) and Norfolk Island. However, the indigeneity of P. tenax on Norfolk Island, in particular, has been challenged by an alternative hypothesis that it was introduced by East Polynesians prior to European colonisation. We tested this alternative hypothesis using a dated phylogenetic tree. We also tested whether dated phylogenetic trees of Phormium could be reconciled with vicariance explanations of its distribution. We examined near-complete plastid genome sequences of P. tenax, P. cookianumand related plants. We then undertook Bayesian and likelihood estimation of the age of the divergence between Norfolk Island and New Zealand accessions using fossil calibration, and separately using biogeographic calibration assuming vicariance explanations of trans-oceanic distributions. DNA sequences of Norfolk Island plants were invariant and nested well within the wider diversity of P. tenax. Estimates of divergence times using fossil calibration did not exclude a common ancestor as recent as the second millennium CE. DNA sequences of Chatham Islands P. tenax were also nested within the diversity of P. tenax from New Zealand, but age estimates were older for their divergence from New Zealand plants (around 20,000–400,000 years). Biogeographic calibrations resulted in extremely ancient ages (tens of billions of years) of deeper nodes within the tree or several orders of magnitude variation in rates among lineages. Our results are consistent with translocation of harakeke by East Polynesian people, but our analyses cannot exclude a Late Quaternary natural dispersal event, which might result in similar genetic patterns. Biogeographic calibrations based on the break-up of Gondwana imply major departures from contemporary ideas of Earth's history, or orders of magnitude rate variation among lineages.","PeriodicalId":19317,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Botany","volume":"60 1","pages":"429 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}