Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The role of physicians' knowledge of guidelines in the usage of beta-blockers in heart failure","authors":"E. Ogbemudia, AO Obasohan","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_5_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_5_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beta-blockers (BB) are recommended in the management of heart failure (HF), but its usage has been reported as low. The role of physicians' knowledge of guidelines in this observation has not been fully investigated. Objectives: The objective was to determine whether a gap in the physicians' knowledge of guidelines for the use of BB in HF is a reason for its low usage. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to physicians in the Departments of Internal and Family Medicine. Multiple choice questions based on the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the use of BB in HF were in the questionnaire. A physician was adjudged knowledgeable of the guidelines if he/she scored 50% or above. The proportion of physicians with inadequate knowledge was derived as a percentage of all respondents. Chi-square test was used to determine whether department, gender and cadre were associated with knowledge of guidelines. Results: A total of 70 physicians responded. Departments of Family and Internal Medicine, respectively. Fifty-five (78.6%) of them were not knowledgeable about the guidelines for the use of BB in HF, while only 15 (21.4%) were knowledgeable. Association between a physician's department, gender, cadre and knowledge of HF guidelines yielded P = 0.774, 0.144 and 0.227, respectively. Conclusion: There is a gap in the physicians' knowledge of the guidelines for BB use in HF. Measures to educate and regularly update physicians on HF guidelines should be institutionalised to ensure evidence-based practice, improved care and better outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"123 5 1","pages":"72 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88520568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threatened abortion in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A 5-year experience","authors":"O. Sowemimo, CA Adepiti, Oo Kolawole, OA Adeniyi, K. Ajenifuja","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_6_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_6_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Threatened abortion usually precedes early pregnancy loss. Affected pregnancy may progress or result in eventual miscarriage. Understanding the risk factors and their management will continue to improve its outcome. Materials and Methods: Records of patients managed for threatened abortion at the OAUTHC, Ile-Ife over a period of 5 years from January 2009 to December 2013 were retrieved. Information about the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation and outcome were collected and analysed using IBM, Armonk, NY, USA-SPSS version 20. Results: One hundred and eight records out of 118 patients admitted for threatened abortion over the period under review were retrieved. There were 2060 gynaecological ward admissions over the period. Threatened abortion accounted for 5.7% of all gynaecological ward admissions. The mean age of women admitted was 29.53 ± 4.47 years and majority (68.5%) had tertiary education. Seventy-five per cent were booked for antenatal care, 53.7% were nulliparous and 42.6% had previous first or second-trimester miscarriage(s). Sixty-two per cent were in the first trimester and the mean gestational age was 12.55 weeks ± 4.78. Malaria fever was the single most common risk factor (47.2%), urinary tract infection and other risk factors were identified in 28.7% and 24.1% had no identifiable risk factor. Half of the patients carried their pregnancy to term, whereas 25.9% had a complete miscarriage and the rest were lost to follow-up. Among those who proceeded to term, 74.1% were booked and 42% were unbooked patients (P value of 0.027). Conclusion: Threatened abortion remains a common complication in early pregnancy. It halves the chances of pregnancy continuation to term. In our environment, malaria fever was the most common risk factor and booking for antenatal care conferred better pregnancy outcome.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":"82 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77264523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen test for malaria and determinants of heavy malaria parasitaemia in children at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria","authors":"E. Nwaneli, C. Osuorah, J. Ebenebe, N. Umeadi","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_3_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_3_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to the United Nations Children's Fund, malaria kills a child every 30 s and about 3000 every year. Ninety per cent of the global burden of malaria occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce this burden, prompt recognition of risk factor, rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment are crucial. Objective: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) used in the diagnosis of malaria. It secondarily sought to determine factors that are associated with heavy malaria parasitaemia in children. Methodology: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted over a 5-month period. Children aged 6 months to 17 years, who had axillary temperature >37.4°C or history of fever in the past 48 h and who had not received a full course of artemisinin combination therapy were included. The patients were enrolled consecutively using purposive sampling methods. Blood samples for malaria parasite were collected from all participants using microscopy and RDT. Results: Of the 246 participants enrolled, 58 and 188 tested positive and negative for malaria parasite using blood film microscopy (BFM). Of the 58 positive and 188 negative blood samples, 49 and 157 participants, respectively, were reactive and non-reactive for malarial antigen when the RDT was done. This gave RDT sensitivity of 84.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.3-88.7), specificity of 83.5% (95% CI: 81.1-85.9), false-positive rate of 16.5% (95% CI: 3.8-29.2), false-negative rate of 15.5% (95% CI: 11.9-42.9), positive predictive value of 61.3% (95% CI: 52.4-70.2) and negative predictive value of 94.6% (95% CI: 93.8-95.4). The overall diagnostic accuracy of the RDT was 83.8% (95% CI: 81.7-85.9). None of the respondent's clinicodemographic factors such as age, place of residence, socio-economic status, degree and duration of fever were significantly associated with heavy malaria parasitaemia in surveyed children. Conclusion: The RDT is a good diagnostic tool and can be conveniently used in situation where rapid diagnosis of malaria parasitaemia is needed and/or where BFM is unavailable.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"163 1","pages":"59 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86405028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for Nigerian Journal Of Health Sciences: July-December 2017 issue","authors":"F. Arogundade","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_27_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_27_19","url":null,"abstract":"Hunaleyo et al. studied the effects of administration of Phyllanthus amarus on garlic-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats and found that the different doses of the extract of P. amarus used significantly decreased the levels of liver enzymes and alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. They also found increases in total protein and albumin and therefore concluded that P. amarus may have hepatocurative effect in this setting.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"51 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77097374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phyllanthus amarus on garlic-induced hepatotoxicity","authors":"H. Hunaleyo, L. Buratai, B. Mofio, H. Lawan, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important organs that regulate various physiological processes in the body is the liver. The liver, if diseased or damaged by toxic agent (s) could contribute to the cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Phyllanthus amarus is highly valued in African traditional medicine for its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and several related ailments. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the administration of P. amarus on garlic-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Settings and Design: Albino rats (n = 30) weighing 170-200 g were randomly divided into five Groups (I-V) of six. Group I (control) received orally 1 ml/kg body weight of distilled water while Groups II, III, IV and V were administered orally same volume of garlic homogenate corresponding to 5 g/kg body weight on a daily basis for 14 days to induce liver toxicity. Similarly, Groups III, IV and V were orally administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of P. amarus aqueous leaf extract, respectively, for another 7 days. Materials and Methods: The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) were determined by standard methods. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissue was carried out as described by Druby and Wallington. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed as mean ± standard errors of means. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the difference between means at 95% level of significance. Results: The results showed that all the doses of the extract of P. amarus significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the levels of ALP, ALT and AST and TB relative to those administered 5 g/kg body weight of garlic only (Group II). The histopathological analysis of the liver samples also confirmed the hepatocurative potential of P. amarus against the hepatotoxicity caused by garlic. The ameriorative effect of P. amarus is suspected to be due to the presence of some antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) as determined and quantified in the present work. Conclusion: It was concluded that P. amarus showed hepatocurative effect having ameliorated the lobular necrosis and inflammation of the liver induced by garlic homogenate in albino rats.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"53 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74116107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental finding of uterine scar dehiscence at elective repeat caesarean section at term","authors":"O. Ijarotimi, O. Sowemimo, O. Dare, P. Ibuola","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_9_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_9_18","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of adverse outcome for the mother and/or baby is high in the setting of uterine rupture and its possibility should be entertained in a pregnant woman with previous uterine surgery and recent onset lower abdominal pain in advanced gestation. In the absence of symptoms, uterine scar dehiscence may occur unnoticed until complications set in. Women with short inter-pregnancy interval, caesarean wound morbidity and classical caesarean section are at increased risk. Each case should be individualised and those at high risk of uterine rupture should be offered appropriate care. We report a case of antepartum scar dehiscence found incidentally at elective repeat caesarean section at term.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"121 1","pages":"86 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83233070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pain intensity and difficulty on health-related quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis","authors":"OA Ojoawo, OO Falade, EB Arayombo","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_14_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_14_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of pain and disability in the western world and it affects up to 80% of people over the age of 65. Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of self-reported symptoms of knee OA (KOA) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with KOA. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with KOA were purposively recruited for the study. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index was used to assess the pain intensity, functional difficulty and stiffness, whereas HRQoL form Short-Form 12 Health Survey was used to assess the quality of life of patients with KOA. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data. Results: There was a statistically significant negative relationship between age and physical difficulty (r = −0.301 P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between health quality domain (Hex) and present pain intensity (r = −0.473 P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between Hex and total difficulty (r = −0.321 P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that in patients with KOA, the higher the pain intensity and/or physical difficulty, the lower the patient's HRQoL.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"76 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74679284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced bronchospasm in Ilesa, Nigeria: A Comparative study of rural and urban school children","authors":"B. Kuti, K. Omole, D. Kuti, B. Oso, L. Mohammed, B. Ologun, Y. Minna","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_7_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_7_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) described as transient airway narrowing shortly after or during exercise is an important tool in epidemiological study of childhood asthma which has been increasing in prevalence globally. This study sets out to determine the prevalence of EIB in poor rural and affluent urban school children in Ilesa, South West Nigeria. Methods: School children in four secondary schools (two rural and two urban) in Ilesa were selected using multistage sampling. Their sociodemographic characteristics and history of wheeze/asthma were noted. The children had their forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured before, 5, 10 and 15 min after 6 min of free running exercise to achieve 80% of their maximal pulse rate. EIB was calculated as the change in FEV1pre- and post-exercise expressed as a percentage of the pre-exercise value ≥10%. The prevalence of EIB among the children as well as factors associated with it were determined. Results: A total of 230 children (129 rural and 101 urban) aged 9–17 years participated in the study over a 9 month period. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 12.6 (1.9) years and Male:Female 1:1.1. Past history of wheeze in the children was obtained from 14 (13.9%) versus 2 (1.6%) of the urban and rural children, respectively. The mean (SD) FEV1% for the urban and rural children was 85.5 (18.5)% versus 78.5 (15.5)%, respectively. The prevalence of EIB was significantly higher among the urban children at 23.8%, 19.8% and 14.9% versus 8.5%, 5.4% and 3.1% for 5, 10 and 15 min post-exercise, respectively. History of wheezing in the past 12 months was the only factor significantly associated with EIB among the urban children. Conclusion: The prevalence of EIB is significantly higher among urban school children observed in about one in every five children. We recommend exercise testing as part of routine pre-entry school evaluation to Nigerian children in urban centers.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"27 3 1","pages":"25 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90869545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for Nigerian Journal of Health Sciences: January–June 2017 issue","authors":"F. Arogundade","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_26_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_26_19","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocephalus occurs with excessive production and/or impaired drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, ultimately resulting in ventriculomegaly and other protean clinical manifestations. Ayannuga OA studied the histomorphometry of the lateral ventricle (LV) and cerebral cortex of Wistar rats following kaolin-induced hydrocephalus as well as the associated clinical manifestations. He found that clinical symptoms predated the morphological changes observed in the LV and cerebral cortex and concluded that cortical changes and ventriculomegaly were acute-phase features, while the detachment of the choroid plexus and reversal of cortical manifestations were features of chronicity.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72646411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of bulbar urethral strictures by direct vision internal urethrotomy: Experience from a Nigerian teaching hospital","authors":"A. Salako, T. Badmus, R. David, O. Isola, A. Laoye, I. Akinbola, M. Igbokwe, R. Babalola, C. Onyeze","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_20_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_20_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urethral stricture is a common cause of bladder outflow obstruction, and its management contributes significantly to the workload in urologic practice. Aim(s): To evaluate the role of direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) in the management of bulbar urethral strictures. Methods: A retrospective review done at a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Patients who had DVIU for the management of bulbar urethral strictures between July 2008 and June 2015 were studied. Information extracted and analysed were the patients' age, stricture characteristics, DVIU technique, outcome and complications. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 63 patients had DVIU for bulbar urethral strictures during the period, of which 48 patients (76.2%) were studied. Their ages ranged between 32 and 70 years (mean 49 years). They all had solitary, short-segment, incomplete, bulbar urethral strictures confirmed pre-operatively by retrograde urethrogram. In addition, 36 (75%) also had urethrosonography which confirmed superficial spongiofibrosis. In 28 cases (58%), stricture aetiology was post-inflammatory, while in 12 (25%) and 8 (17%) patients, strictures were due to iatrogenic reasons (post-catheterisation) and straddle injuries, respectively. The DVIU was done by the same group of surgeons. Success rate was 66.7% after first DVIU and increased to 75.0% after a second DVIU was done for those with unsatisfactory outcome after first surgery. Mean follow-up period was 15 months. Conclusion: In well-selected patients, DVIU is an option for successful treatment of bulbar urethral strictures.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"35 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80008595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}