Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research最新文献

{"title":"Anxiolytic and sedative activities of the essential oil of the fresh young shoot of Asparagus officinalis L. in mice","authors":"A. S. Olusa, I. Oyemitan","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.7s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.7s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is an edible plant that serve as a vegetable and medicine in different parts of the world, including CNS-related ailments.Objective: To evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative activities Asparagus officinalis L. fresh young shoot essential oil of Asparagus officinalis L. (EOAO) in mice.Method: The essential oil was obtained through hydro distillation using clevenger-type apparatus. The effect of EOAO (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) on anxiety was evaluated using the elevated plus maze and hole board test. The sedative effect of the EOAO (50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p., n=6) was evaluated using ketamine-induced hypnosis (100 mg/kg, i.p.).Results: The EOAO (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg i.p.) and diazepam 1 mg/kg i.p., increased significantly (p < 0.01) the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) compared to the vehicle. There was significant increase in head dips (p < 0.01) at 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg i.p. of the administered oil. The EOAO at 50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p. and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.01 – 0.001) reduced the sleep latency when compared to the vehicle. At 50, 100 and150 mg/kg, i.p. the EOAO and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.01 - 0.001) prolonged the total sleeping time when compared to the vehicle.Conclusion: The study concluded that Asparagus officinalis L. essential oil possesses anxiolytic and sedative activities.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"181 S472","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the binding properties of pectin isolated from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels in tetracycline capsule formulation","authors":"J. A. O. 1A-C, O. A. F. 1C-E, S. O. E. 2C-E, C. Airemwen, A. M. Adeniyi-Akee, JA Obarisiagbon","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.4s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.4s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The advent of science and technology has greatly enhanced the conversion of agro-industrial wastes into various value-added products to meet the demands of increasing population. The study evaluated the binding properties of pectin isolated from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels in comparison with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and pectin BP in oxytetracycline capsule formulationsMethods: Pectin was extracted from Citrullus lanatus and Cucumis sativus peels using standard procedures. Extracted pectin was subjected to phytochemical, organoleptic and spectral analysis and then used to prepare batches of oxytetracycline granules and capsules. Granule flow, capsules properties and drug compatibility studies using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis were determined.Results: Phytochemical analysis of the powdered peels of C. lanatus and C. sativus showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid and carbohydrate. Percentage yield of pectin were 11.88 and 12.27% for C. lanatus and C. sativus, respectively. Oxytetracycline granules prepared exhibited the following micromeritic properties; Hausner’s ratios - 1.12 to 1.33; Carr’s indices - 11.11 to 32.61(%); angles of repose - 30.47 to 43.89° and flow rates - 1.17 to 5.67 g/sec. Disintegration times of formulated capsules were between 4.86 to 6.87 min and were within pharmacopoeial limits for capsules. FTIR studies showed no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution studies revealed decreased drug released with increase in binder concentration.Conclusion: Pectin extracted from the peels of C. lanatus and C. sativus fruits compared favourably with pectin BP and CMC in their binding properties, hence a suitable substitute binder in the formulation of oxytetracycline granules and capsules.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of some moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablet brands marketed in Nigeria using five different validated analytical methods","authors":"E. A. Omotoso, E. B. Unaji","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.11s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.11s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Assay of pharmaceuticals is an important aspect of quality control. It is necessary to compare the bioequivalence of generic brands of the any drug to an innovator/comparator brand as this forms the basis for comparing their therapeutic equivalence.Objective: This study aimed to determine the most accurate method for the assay of moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX-HCl) tablet brands in Nigerian markets by using five different validated analytical methods and also verify their interchangeability.Material & Methods: This study involved three brands of MOX-HCl including the comparator brand, Moxiget®. The study involves both quality control tests including: weight uniformity, diameter, thickness, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution and content of active ingredient (assay) methods including: phosphate buffered UV-Vis spectrophotometric, UV spectrophotometric, kinetic spectrophotometric, colorimetry and utilization of oxidation-reduction reaction methods.Results: All the samples used for this study passed the quality control tests and thus were of standard quality and therefore pharmaceutically equivalent.Conclusion: This study therefore conclude that phosphate buffered UV-Vis spectrophotometry provide the most accurate method to assay Moxifloxacin tablet, colorimetry assay method can serve as a substitute to the preferred method for the moxifloxacin assay and the three samples assayed in this work are interchangeable with the comparator brand (Moxiget®).","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"97 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of naproxen ternary solid dispersion using genetically modified cassava starch and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose","authors":"O. Balogun‐Agbaje, B. A, L. Bakre, B. A","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.3s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.3s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Naproxen has poor aqueous solubility and high permeability, making its formulation into oral dosage form challenging. The objective of this work was to enhance naproxen aqueous solubility by formulating it into solid dispersion (SD) using genetically modified cassava starch (GMCS) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as polymers, and polysorbate-80 as surfactant.Materials and Methods: Naproxen SD was prepared by solvent evaporation. Different polymer-drug ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) were used. The SDs were evaluated for solubility and the optimum formulation (S2) subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pure naproxen tablets (TN) and S2 tablets (T2) were directly compressed and assessed for hardness, friability, weight uniformity, disintegration and dissolution times.Results: The SD of polymer/drug ratio 2:1 and GMCS/HPMC proportion 2:1 had the highest solubility with the polymers showing synergism. Incorporating polysorbate-80 improved solubility by over 20 folds. SEM micrograph of the SD appeared smooth and spherical. DSC thermogram indicated a reduction in crystallinity of naproxen. FTIR spectrum showed no evidence of interaction with the polymers. T2 and TN tablets showed acceptable hardness, disintegration time and weight uniformity. The t50 and t90 dissolution values for T2 were 4.9 and 37.7 minutes respectively which were considerably lower than that of TN (28.57 and 63.42 minutes).Conclusion: Naproxen solubility was enhanced by solid dispersion formulation using genetically-modified cassava starch/HPMC blend. Synergistic effect in the improvement of naproxen solubility was established between the polymers. Inclusion of polysorbate-80 also improved naproxen solubility in the solid dispersion.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"257 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability, storage, handling and administration of vaccines in community pharmacies: Southwest Nigeria as a case study","authors":"F. A. S. 1A-D, S. A. S. 2EF, 3B R.O.OSHINAIKE, O. A. Ade-Adekunle","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.9s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.9s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccines have been instrumental in thwarting the spread of infectious diseases and have been a major public health success. Community pharmacies are a critical resource for success of any immunization programme. However, pharmacists’ involvement in immunization programme in Nigeria has not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed the involvement of pharmacists in immunization services.Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. The survey tool, which consisted of 72-item questions spread over five different domains, assessed vaccine availability in community pharmacies and pharmacist’s knowledge on vaccine. This (knowledge) addresses vaccine handling and administration as well as storage. The questionnaire was administered to selected community pharmacies by a combination of physical interview and electronic version through Google form link sent to pharmacist’s WhatsApp platform. Association between patients’ socio-demographics and some variables of interest was determined using Chi-square statistic.Result: One hundred and ninety-one (191) pharmacists responded to the questionnaire (99.5% response rate). About half, one hundred and three (53.93%) of the respondents were aged between 31 and 50 years. One hundred and twenty-nine (67.54%) of the pharmacists had B.Pharm degree as the highest level of education. There was a significant association between pharmacists’ age (χ2 = 30.5, p<0.01), years of experience (χ2 = 25.9, p<0.01), level of education (χ2 = 19.6, p<0.05) and knowledge on vaccine handling and administration. Also, significant association (p<0.01) existed between pharmacists’ age (χ2 = 45.1), years of experience (χ2 = 45.3), level of education (χ2 = 31.6) and knowledge of vaccine storage. Furthermore, there was a significant association (p<0.01) between being trained as a vaccine administrator and level of knowledge on vaccine storage (χ2 = 57.8) as well as handling and administration (χ2 = 45.2).Conclusion: Pharmacists’ level of education and training (as vaccine administrator) were key factors in pharmacists’ involvement in immunization care service.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"209 S648","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and characterization of ibuprofen solid dispersions using native and modified starches","authors":"A. O. Olagunju, B. O. A. B. A-C, L. G. B. A-C","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.5s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.5s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory analgesic drug that is weakly water-soluble with a poor bioavailability.Objectives: The aim of this study is to formulate ibuprofen solid dispersions by solvent evaporation method using natural polymers (native cassava and genetically modified cassava (GMS), Cassava nanocrystal and corn starches) as possible hydrophilic carriers at varying weight proportions to optimize ibuprofen solubility and dissolution.Material and Methods: Solvent evaporation method was used to formulate the ibuprofen solid dispersions at different drug polymer ratios. The pure drug and solid dispersions were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), particle size, and in vitro drug release.Results: Solid dispersions formulated with starch nanocrystals showed the highest solubility. All solid dispersions prepared with drug:polymer ratio 1:2 generally showed highest solubility. According to the FTIR, the chemical structure of ibuprofen remained intact in the amorphous solid dispersion, but the structure changed from crystalline to amorphous, according to the XRD and the DSC also confirmed this. The scanning electron microscopy showed the solid dispersions were more porous than the pure drug. Higher dissolution rate was observed with nanocrystal solid dispersions with T50 (time required for 50% of the medication to be released) between 1.8 and 4.1 minutes.Conclusion: This study has shown that using these natural polymers increased the solubility and dissolution rate of ibuprofen.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"137 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant properties and effects of formulation variables on Ceiba pentandra microspheres","authors":"J. O. Ayorinde, E. O. Okonye","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.1s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.1s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: New drug delivery techniques have improved therapeutic and physicochemical properties of herbal medicines.Objective: Extracts of Ceiba pentandra (CP) leaf have been evaluated for antioxidant properties with the aim of formulating them into microspheres and studying release of flavonoid from the dosage form.Materials and Methods: Microspheres were prepared from extracts of CP using ionotropic gelation method. Formulation parameters were varied to produce A1 to A8. Microspheres were evaluated for size, shape, yield, micrometrics, swelling, entrapment efficiency, and flavonoid release characteristics. Factorial experimentation design was used to determine the individual and interactive effects of the formulation variables on entrapment efficiency and flavonoid release. Results were analysed using ANOVA at p≤0.05.Results: The extract contained flavonoids. Microspheres were discrete, porous, spherical, with good flow. Microspheres swelled moderately and eroded within 3 hours. Entrapment efficiencies ranged from 4.17 to 19.2 %. All Formulations released 80 % of flavonoid within 6 hours, except A2, A3 and A8 which sustained flavonoid release for 24 – 26 hours. Concentration of polymer had the highest positive effect, while stirring speed had the highest negative effect on microsphere entrapment efficiency. Effect of curing time on entrapment efficiency was positive but insignificant. Polymer concentration and curing time had negative effects on flavonoid release, while stirring speed showed a positive effect.Conclusion: Extracts of Ceiba pentandra leaves possess antioxidant constituents and could be formulated into microspheres of good physicochemical properties. Concentrations of polymer and curing time are important parameters that should be considered in the formulation of CP into microspheres with sustained release potentials.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"261 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events following administration of COVID-19 vaccine among health workers in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria","authors":"S. I. Bello, A. ADEFE., O. ADEPOJUBCFF., N. Aliyuaef, EF Raji","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.8s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.8s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a health issue of great concern. The disease has caused a substantial reduction in the workforce globally. In 2020, several vaccines were approved to prevent COVID-19 infection.Objective: This study evaluated adverse events following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine among secondary healthcare workers in Kwara State, NigeriaMethods: This was a multicenter, and cross-sectional study conducted in eleven secondary healthcare hospitals among 348 health workers using a validated questionnaire. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained appropriately. The questionnaire was read, explained, and distributed to the respondents at each facility between December 2022 and June 2023. The forms were filled out accordingly. Appropriate statistical software was used to analyze the collected data.Results: Among the 348 respondents studied, most were females (70.4%) within the age range of 31-40 years (50.3%). Few (16.4%) of the respondents were infected, however, the majority (62.9%) were fully vaccinated. Approximately one-third (31.1%) received the AstraZeneca vaccine. The most commonly experienced adverse events were fever (34.2%), headache (33.9%), tiredness (31.0%), and general body pain (30.3%). There was a significant association between the type of vaccine administered, dose received, and adverse events experienced at p < 0.05. In addition, there was a significant correlation between adverse events and the gender of the respondents at p < 0.05.Conclusion: Some respondents experienced adverse events after administration of COVID-19 vaccination. These events were associated with the type of vaccine, dose of vaccine received, and gender.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance uropathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Ilorin","authors":"R. H. Bello, Y. K. E. Ibrahim, B. Olayinka, A. A. G. Jimoh, H. O. K. Olabode, N. B. Afolabi-Balogun, A. O. Shittu, A. Aliyu, M. S. David","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.6s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococus aureus associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) has become a serious health problem especially with the emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) due to the acquisition of mecA gene leading to increasing maternal and perinatal burden. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, β-lactamase production and methicillin resistance among uropathogenic S. aureus among pregnant women attending selected antenatal clinics in Ilorin.Methods: Forty-five (45) out of 79 presumptive uropathogenic S. aureus isolated over a period of 12 months from urine samples of pregnant women were identified using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiogram studies was performed using gentamicin (CN-10μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP-5μg), ofloxacin (OFX-5μg), tetracycline (TE-30μg), sulphamethaxozole-trimethoprim (SXT-25μg), ampicillin (AMP-10 μg), penicillin G (P-10 units), nitrofurantoin (F-30 μg) and cefoxitin (FOX-30 μg) for the detection of MRSA by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, detection of β - lactamase producing S. aureus (BL-PSA) was carried out using Iodometric paper strip method.Results: Of the 45 S. aureus isolates, 80% were BL-PSA, MRSA (87%), exhibiting high resistance to penicillin G (97.8%), ampicillin (95.5%), tetracycline (77.8%) and sulphamethaxozole trimethoprim (64.4%). In addition, 56% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) exhibiting 20 different phenotypes with CN-P-SXT-TE-AMP-FOX (15.6%) being the majority. Notwithstanding, S. aureus isolates showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (93.3%) and ofloxacin (91.1%).Conclusion: This study established an increasing resistance of S. aureus to different classes of antibiotics which emphasize the need for constant surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends. Routine screening for BL-PSA and MRSA among uropathogenic S. aureus is also advocated in order to reduce the development and spread of MDR isolates.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality assessment of metformin hydrochloride tablets retailed in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adepoju-Bello, O. CAEFB., Oyawaluja, B. BCDEFK., Analikwu Bcd","doi":"10.4314/njpr.v19i1.2s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v19i1.2s","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic drug used with diet and exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Objectives: This research aims to compare and analyze different metformin products to ascertain their critical quality parameters. The goal is to ensure that prescribed medicine effectively treats patients and protects the public.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the quality of ten metformin tablet brands in Lagos (Mushin and Surulere area) using official methods to assess weight, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Active ingredient content was also measured.Results: Out of all the tablets tested, only 10 % had weights outside of the official British Pharmacopoeia 2002 limits (not more than two tablets should deviate from ±5% and none of the tablets should deviate by ± I0). The hardness test was passed by all the tablets (A minimum hardness of 4 kgF is a pass), while 80 % passed the friability test (weight loss of ≤ 1 %w/w is a pass). Additionally, all film-coated tablets disintegrated within 30 minutes according to United States Pharmacopoeia/National Formulary 2003 (film-coated tablets disintegrate within 30 minutes). Ninety percent of the tablets passed the dissolution test (drug release within 60 minutes should be between 93 and 103 %) and 90 % of all brands examined passed the assay test for the active ingredient contents. The British Pharmacopoeia 2019 standard was used for the dissolution test.Conclusion: Routine pharmaceutical analysis is essential for the quality of pharmaceutical products and the safety of consumers.","PeriodicalId":19298,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research","volume":"173 S392","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}