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New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture最新文献

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Quality in New Zealand-grown onion bulbs—a survey of chemical and physical characteristics 新西兰种植洋葱鳞茎的质量——化学和物理特性的调查
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425651
J. Lancaster, P. Reay, J. D. Mann, W. D. Bennett, J. R. Sedcole
{"title":"Quality in New Zealand-grown onion bulbs—a survey of chemical and physical characteristics","authors":"J. Lancaster, P. Reay, J. D. Mann, W. D. Bennett, J. R. Sedcole","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A survey of ripened onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs, collated from field-grown crops in the commercial areas of New Zealand, was undertaken to investigate how the characteristics of flavour precursors, phenolics, sugars, dry matter, and hardness varied. The majority of samples were of ‘Pukekohe Long Keeper’ (PLK) and the early selection of this cultivar, ‘Early Long Keeper’ (ELK). A sample of the white onion ‘Dehyso’ and three Japanese onion cultivars was obtained for comparison. Percentage dry matter (DM %) for PLK and ELK for the 1983 harvest was similar for all sites and averaged 13.4%; total sugars averaged 0.45 mmole/g fresh weight. The white ‘Dehyso’ onions had a higher dry matter percentage (DM%) (15.9%) and a greater proportion of fructose compared with glucose than PLK or ELK onions. PLK and ELK samples collected from one site in 1984 had significantly different DM% and total sugars compared to other sites. There was a significant difference in average fresh weight for bulbs between sites. ...","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87431122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Flight activity and weed hosts of Macrosiphini (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Canterbury 坎特伯雷大翅蚜蝇(同翅目:蚜科)的飞行活动及杂草寄主
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425642
J. Farrell, M. Stufkens
{"title":"Flight activity and weed hosts of Macrosiphini (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Canterbury","authors":"J. Farrell, M. Stufkens","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425642","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The flight activity of 29 species of Macrosiphini, recorded over 6 years in a suction trap at Lincoln, is reported. Flight phenology and weed hosts of 20 species are described. The host plant relations of Myzuspersicae (Sulzer) were examined. Mallow (Malva neglecta Wallred) and black nightshade (Solarium nigrum L.) were favourable hosts, while few M. persicae were found on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or yarrow (Achillea millefoliun L.). Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach was the predominant aphid species on white clover and yarrow in the field, together with Myzus ascalonicus Doncaster on yarrow. These three aphid species were vectors of beet western yellows virus (BWYV), while hosts of BWYV include the weed species named. It is suggested that BWYV has a broad ecological base of hosts and vectors in Canterbury.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"63 1","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89309738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Decision analysis of insecticide resistance in light-brown apple moth 浅褐苹果蛾对杀虫剂抗性的决策分析
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425643
R. Hide, D. Suckling
{"title":"Decision analysis of insecticide resistance in light-brown apple moth","authors":"R. Hide, D. Suckling","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) has developed a low level of resistance to azinphos-methyl in two small areas of a major horticultural district in New Zealand. It is not known whether resistant individuals form isolated populations or are a part of a much larger population. Hence, it is uncertain whether this resistance has the potential to develop and spread. Models representing the range of possible situations are described and management options assessed by deducing the consequence they would have in each of the possible situations. It is concluded that the continued use of organophosphate insecticides incurs the risk of a development and spread of resistance. The best alternative is to use pyrethroids in the affected areas but such an option is not without its own costs.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76211392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Selection of fungal antagonists for biological control of onion white rot in New Zealand 新西兰洋葱白腐病生物防治真菌拮抗剂的选择
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425647
Y. Harrison, A. Stewart
{"title":"Selection of fungal antagonists for biological control of onion white rot in New Zealand","authors":"Y. Harrison, A. Stewart","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425647","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Six fungal species were selected from a total of 76 on the basis of their antagonism to the onion white rot pathogen, Sclerotiurn cepivorwn, in dual culture. Gliocladium roseunt, G. virens, Trichoderma viride and Coniothyrium minitans exhibited their antagonism by competing successfully with the pathogen for space and nutrients whilst Chaetomium globosum and Penicillium expansion released antibiotic substances into the agar medium which inhibited the growth of S. cepivorwn at a distance. Four of the six test fungi were also able to colonise and degrade sclerotia of the pathogen. Gliocladium roseum was tolerant of the dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone. None of the antagonists were pathogenic on onion seedlings in vitro and they therefore show promise for use as biocontrol agents against onion white rot.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"18 1","pages":"249-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89491841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
The economics of herbicide use in cereal crops in New Zealand. 在新西兰谷类作物中使用除草剂的经济学。
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425641
G. Bourdôt, D. Saville
{"title":"The economics of herbicide use in cereal crops in New Zealand.","authors":"G. Bourdôt, D. Saville","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425641","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A simple model of net return for herbicide usage in cereals, based on yield losses caused by weeds, was used to derive breakeven losses for herbicides used in New Zealand. For wheat crops with average yields (4.5 t/ha) at 1987 prices, breakeven losses varied from 2.1% to 9.2% for weeds other than wild oats (Avena fatua), and from 6.4% to 14.1 % for wild oats. For barley crops with average yields (4.5 t/ha), breakeven losses varied from 3.0% to 13.1% for weeds other than wild oats, and from 9.1% to 20.2% for wild oats. A comprehensive survey of yield losses attributable to weeds in cereal crops has not been undertaken in New Zealand. However, using data available from Canada, breakeven yield losses would usually be exceeded for most of the 28 herbicides used in New Zealand cereal crops. On this basis there is no economic justification for the current trend toward reduced herbicide use in cereals.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"201-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90273460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Modified atmosphere storage for reduction of bitter pit in some New Zealand apple cultivars 改良气调贮藏对若干新西兰苹果品种减少苦核的影响
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425650
E. Hewett, C. J. Thompson
{"title":"Modified atmosphere storage for reduction of bitter pit in some New Zealand apple cultivars","authors":"E. Hewett, C. J. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples stored in polyethylene bags (polybags) 25 (μm thick containing microperforations made with a 1 mm diam. cold needle, had less bitter pit after 7 weeks storage at 1°C and 7 days shelf-life simulation at ambient temperature than unbagged apples from the same storage environment. Carbon dioxide concentrations increased and oxygen decreased as the number of microperforations in polybags was decreased. Commercially acceptable levels of bitter pit (less than 5%) could be obtained with ‘Red Delicious’ apples when CO2 and O2 concentrations inside polybags exceeded 5% and fell to 15–16% respectively. ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples stored in microperforated polybags lost less weight, were firmer and had better eating quality than fruit not stored in polybags. It is suggested that polybags containing 50–70 microperforations could be adopted commercially for the apple cultivars tested, to reduce bitter pit and maintain f...","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"80 1","pages":"271-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74311055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Review on ecology and control of Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) on arable land in New Zealand 新西兰耕地上千叶蓍草(Achillea millefolium L.)生态学与防治研究进展
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425623
G. Bourdôt, R. Field
{"title":"Review on ecology and control of Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) on arable land in New Zealand","authors":"G. Bourdôt, R. Field","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425623","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow), a perennial competitive ruderal, has become an increasing problem on arable land in New Zealand as a result of reduced cultivation, horticultural development, and the ineffectiveness of herbicides. Research conducted mainly in Canterbury, on aspects of the seed and rhizome biology of A. millefolium, is considered in relation to its control. It is concluded that major difficulties still exist in the selective control of this weed in crops. Strategic cultivations during pre-sowing fallows and the use of glyphosate and clopyralid as broadcast or directed treatments are the best control options.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81726386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Field evaluation of insulation wraps for frost protection of kiwifruit trunks 猕猴桃树干防冻保温膜的现场评价
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425628
N. Pyke, K. A. Ansell, J. E. Ruth
{"title":"Field evaluation of insulation wraps for frost protection of kiwifruit trunks","authors":"N. Pyke, K. A. Ansell, J. E. Ruth","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425628","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The temperatures on plant trunks inside insulation materials used as trunk wraps for kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) were recorded during winter field conditions. Insulation wraps had an influence on the daily maximum temperatures of wrapped trunks, the lag period and the night minimum temperatures. Insulation wraps which, when compared to uninsulated trunks, reduced the daily maximum temperature, provided long lag intervals and increased night minimum temperatures were expected to be the best insulators. Polyurethane foam wraps, hay in a black polythene sleeve, and sawdust banks provided the best insulation. However natural wraps have disadvantages which reduce their suitability as trunk insulators for kiwifruit.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86965396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Control of grass grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with rollers of different design 用不同设计的滚筒控制草蛴螬(鞘翅目:金甲科)
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425630
K. Stewart, R. V. Toor, S. Crosbie
{"title":"Control of grass grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with rollers of different design","authors":"K. Stewart, R. V. Toor, S. Crosbie","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425630","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three different types of roller, single or tandem (twin) with rigid rollers, and pneumatic (rubber-tyred), were used with one pass on pasture infested with grass grub (Costelytra zealandica (White)) to examine their effect on grass grub and earthworm mortality, and subsequent pasture yield. The rigid tandem rollers had three types of surface—smooth, grooved, and knobbled. The first two of these were tested with three different diameters and under five different loads. A spiked roller was also used. All rollers were towed at 2.8 km/h. The heaviest tandem rollers with grooved or knobbled surfaces caused 77–88% mortality of immature third instars which was 18% of the population present. Second instars and mature third instars were not significantly affected. Depression of the soil surface increased linearly with roller weight and the amount of depression could be used to predict the mortality of immature third instar larvae. There was no significant difference in grass grub mortality or pasture resp...","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"33 1","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89885783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Wind erosion of a soil in north Canterbury 坎特伯雷北部土壤的风蚀
New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture Pub Date : 1988-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/03015521.1988.10425635
G. G. Hunter, I. Lynn
{"title":"Wind erosion of a soil in north Canterbury","authors":"G. G. Hunter, I. Lynn","doi":"10.1080/03015521.1988.10425635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1988.10425635","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Measurements were made of soil loss from an overdrilled and heavy-rolled paddock supporting lucerne on a Glasnevin soil in north Canterbury during strong north-westerly winds on 17 and 18 April 1981. Seventy t/ha of topsoil was transported and deposited in the lee of a windbreak on the downwind side of the source paddock. Soil was deposited in a band extending 3 ✖ tree height on the windward side of the windbreak and 7 × tree height on the leeward side. Sand-sized aggregates and particles made up the bulk of this material. The wind-blown soil contained high levels of plant nutrients including available P equivalent to 73 kg of superphosphate/ha.","PeriodicalId":19285,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand journal of experimental agriculture","volume":"90 1","pages":"173-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85218093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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