North American Journal of Fisheries Management最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of Bull Trout in a previously fishless subalpine lake by translocation","authors":"Benjamin C. Kissinger, Michael G. Sullivan, Andrew J. Paul, Adrian Meinke, John Post","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10989","url":null,"abstract":"Translocations have increased in recent years to aid in species recovery efforts. This includes translocations outside of species' historical distribution, where threats are less severe. One candidate species for translocation is the Bull Trout <i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>, but few examples of successful translocations (re-establishment or range expansion) have been documented. Here, we describe an example in which 63 Bull Trout were translocated in 1987 to establish a population in fishless Marie Lake, Alberta.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport fish movement responses to a littoral zone coarse woody habitat addition","authors":"Quinnlan C. Smith, Stephanie L. Shaw, Joshua K. Raabe, Greg G. Sass, Thomas R. Hrabik","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10995","url":null,"abstract":"Fish movements and distributions throughout an ecosystem are important for understanding ecological interactions, conservation, and management. Coarse woody habitat (CWH) additions are a popular habitat enhancement tool that can influence movements and distributions of fishes; however, behavioral responses in relation to CWH additions are understudied. The objectives of our study were to test for changes in habitat use and behavioral responses of Muskellunge <i>Esox masquinongy</i>, Smallmouth Bass <i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>, and Walleye <i>Sander vitreus</i> to CWH additions in a small inland northern lake over 3 years and to evaluate two common forms of fish tracking to estimate daily movement of these fishes.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using lessons learned from a multidecadal intercept survey of Puerto Rico spear fishers to improve data collection in the U.S. Caribbean","authors":"Manuel E. Coffill-Rivera, J. Wesley Neal, Grisel Rodríguez-Ferrer, Craig G. Lilyestrom","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10987","url":null,"abstract":"Spearfishing is a common activity used to harvest coastal marine species worldwide and can be a significant contributor to landings of ecologically and economically relevant species. As such, it is important to monitor spearfishing catch and effort. Spearfishing is commonly practiced throughout the Caribbean, yet characteristics of this gear's fishery remain understudied in the region. Thus, the objectives of this study were to provide a description of the Puerto Rico spearfishing fishery utilizing a long-term MRIP APAIS data set, examine the data set quality of this survey, and provide suggestions to improve MRIP implementation in the U.S. Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of environmental DNA and underwater visual count surveys for detecting juvenile Coho Salmon in small rivers","authors":"Jason T. Shaffer, Andrew P. Kinziger, Eric P. Bjorkstedt, Andre Buchheister","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10993","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis study compares the probability of detecting juvenile Coho Salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus kisutch</jats:italic> using both environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques and underwater visual count (UVC) surveys in northern California rivers. Here, UVC surveys commonly have detection probabilities (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>) surpassing 0.90, providing an ideal setting to examine the performance of newer eDNA methods. We also evaluate the potential for using eDNA concentrations to predict the count of Coho Salmon within pool habitats.MethodsWe conducted paired eDNA and UVC surveys in 96 pools across 25 stream reaches within the Smith River basin, California. Method‐specific <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> and the effect of environmental covariates were estimated using multiscale occupancy modeling. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the relationship of fish counts to eDNA concentrations and habitat covariates.ResultThe eDNA and UVC methods showed a high degree of agreement in detecting the presence of Coho Salmon within a pool (93% agreement) and survey reach (80% agreement). Detection probabilities for eDNA (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>eDNA</jats:sub>) and for UVC (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>UVC</jats:sub>) were similar and high at median levels of pool residual depth and contributing basin area (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>eDNA</jats:sub> = 91%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>UVC</jats:sub> = 89%). Contributing basin area (a proxy for discharge) had a strong, negative effect that was more pronounced for <jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>eDNA</jats:sub> than for <jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>UVC</jats:sub> (e.g., in the largest basins, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>eDNA</jats:sub> = 34% whereas <jats:italic>p</jats:italic><jats:sub>UVC</jats:sub> = 77%). We did not find eDNA concentrations to be a good predictor of Coho Salmon counts in small pools.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that eDNA methods yielded nearly identical results to UVC surveys in catchments &lt;36 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and can provide a highly effective approach for determining the distribution of Coho Salmon. However, additional investigation is required before eDNA could be used to estimate relative abundance in small pools.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population demographics and angler exploitation of Suwannee Bass in two Georgia rivers","authors":"Joel W. Yeager, Timothy F. Bonvechio, Martin J. Hamel","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10990","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveSuwannee Bass <jats:italic>Micropterus notius</jats:italic> are a unique black bass that are endemic to riverine systems in Georgia and Florida, USA. Despite their “near threatened” status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, Suwannee Bass are a popular sport fish that can be harvested throughout their range under a single harvest regulation with all black basses (genus <jats:italic>Micropterus</jats:italic>). However, a single harvest regulation may have disproportion effects on Suwannee Bass because of their rarity, limited distribution, and sex‐specific growth patterns.MethodsBoat electrofishing was used to collect Suwannee Bass and Largemouth Bass <jats:italic>M. nigricans</jats:italic> from both the Withlacoochee and Ochlockonee rivers to assess population demographics and angler exploitation. Common fisheries assessment metrics were calculated and annual exploitation rate was estimated from high reward (US$100) tags under simulated variability in tag loss and angler reporting rates.ResultWe observed different relative abundance and size structure among river systems. Electrofishing catch per unit effort of Suwannee Bass was higher in the Withlacoochee River (6.89 fish/h) than the Ochlockonee River (2.01 fish/h). Length‐frequency histograms suggested a wide breadth of lengths and presumed ages except for a lack of stock size Suwannee Bass in the Ochlockonee River. Eight percent of monetary reward tags were returned from anglers, yielding an overall exploitation estimate of 3.2%.ConclusionAnnual angler exploitation rates of Suwannee Bass and Largemouth Bass were low (&lt;9.1%) in the Withlacoochee and Ochlockonee rivers of Georgia. Low exploitation coupled with a wide breadth of lengths and ages suggest these populations are currently not at risk of overexploitation.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of tag retention and mortality from two tagging methods for internal tag placement in Channel Catfish","authors":"Travis C. Durhack, Holly A. Simpson, Douglas A. Watkinson, Mark A. Pegg, Eva C. Enders","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10991","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveDocumenting the movement of Channel Catfish <jats:italic>Ictalurus punctatu</jats:italic>s through telemetry, where a transmitter tag is surgically implanted in the fish, can provide valuable insight into the species' spatial ecology and habitat use. However, since fish in the order Siluriformes can expel foreign objects such as tags from their body cavity, the utility of telemetry technology may be limited for Channel Catfish. This study aimed to determine (1) how quickly Channel Catfish reject tags that were surgically implanted into the body cavity, (2) if surgical implantation of transmitter tags causes mortality, and (3) what surgical method is best to minimize tag rejection and/or mortality.MethodsThree surgical trials were conducted on Channel Catfish (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) using two tag implantation methods: a nontethered method, in which the tag was freely implanted into the body cavity, and a tethered method, where the tag was attached to the pectoral girdle. Fish were observed in the lab for 30 days for trials 1 and 2 and 225 days for trial 3 following tag implantation.ResultNo complete tag rejections occurred during any of the three experimental trials. However, all five tethered fish experienced mortality during trial 3 (58–221 days postsurgery). Necropsies indicated that the tethered tagging method led to septicaemia infections and internal lacerations from the tether, which were not observed in the nontethered fish. Tags in the nontethered fish were in the process of being absorbed into the intestinal tract, which over time might have led to tag rejection.ConclusionWhile rejection is possibly the end point of the nontethered tagging method, our results suggest it is nevertheless the better tagging method for Channel Catfish given higher survival.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of poor recruitment on riverine Smallmouth Bass population dynamics","authors":"Brandon Keplinger, Christopher T. Rota","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10994","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveAltered flow regimes pose significant risks to the stability of populations of riverine Smallmouth Bass <jats:italic>Micropterus dolomieu</jats:italic>. Periods of poor recruitment, due to early life stage mortality resulting from high‐flow events, can cause size‐structure and density alterations of populations. The aim of this study was to opportunistically test for changes in dynamic rates of a riverine Smallmouth Bass population using a long‐term data set that spanned a period of poor recruitment.MethodsOur study evaluated size‐specific CPUE (fish/h), mortality, growth, and condition and tested for recruitment determinants of Smallmouth Bass through three consecutive years of poor age‐0 recruitment in the South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia. We used fall nighttime boat electrofishing surveys during 2009–2022 to monitor this population before and after the poor‐recruitment time frame (2016–2018).ResultAge‐0 CPUE was greater during the time frame prior to the poor‐recruitment time frame. However, there was no difference in the CPUE of quality‐length Smallmouth Bass between the two time frames and CPUE of preferred‐length fish was greater during the poor‐recruitment time frame. Growth and relative weight increased during the poor‐recruitment time frame. There was no significant difference detected in mortality between the recruitment time frames. Streamflow during the spawning period was a significant factor influencing fall recruitment of age‐0 Smallmouth Bass. A Ricker density‐dependent model with an added streamflow term performed as well as a basic, log‐linear streamflow model and a density‐independent model that also incorporated a streamflow term.ConclusionOur results provide evidence of density‐dependent structuring in this population. Decreases in population density increased population dynamic rates that maintained or improved size structure. High adult biomasses did not increase age‐0 recruitment. Many riverine Smallmouth Bass populations may display favorable density‐dependent responses to declines in juvenile recruitment. Thus, management agencies should better understand the resiliency of these populations prior to establishing expensive programs or regulations, which may be ineffective, to combat alterations in juvenile recruitment.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live‐bait industry as a pathway for movement of nonnative and invasive species: Implications for conservation of native Texas fishes","authors":"Erin Shepta, Joshuah Perkin, Kevin B. Mayes, Monica E. McGarrity, Christopher M. Schalk, Carmen G. Montaña","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10981","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveLive‐bait species are widely used in recreational fishing throughout the United States. However, the use of invasive fish species as live bait has been identified as a common pathway for their introduction into aquatic ecosystems. We assessed the role that the live‐bait industry has in facilitating the introduction of nonnative and invasive species into Texas rivers. We focused on two invasive cyprinodontid species, the Sheepshead Minnow <jats:italic>Cyprinodon variegatus</jats:italic> and Gulf Killifish <jats:italic>Fundulus grandis</jats:italic>, which are believed to have been introduced into inland Texas rivers via bait‐bucket releases by anglers.MethodsWe conducted telephone and in‐person surveys of live‐bait shops in Texas on a seasonal basis (summer, fall, winter, spring) for 1 year. Locally owned bait shops and regional aquaculture facilities and hatcheries were included in the surveys.ResultSurveys did not reveal the presence of these invasive cyprinodontids in inland bait shops but did reveal the sale of nonnative Goldfish <jats:italic>Carassius auratus</jats:italic> and their black color morph, the black salty goldfish. Surveys conducted among inland and coastal live bait shops confirmed the sale of only one nonnative bait fish and six bait items native only to certain regions of Texas. Telephone surveys with aquaculture industry experts revealed that the aquaculture industry was also facilitating the movement of nonnative game and nongame fish species throughout the state.ConclusionGiven the potential for nonnative and invasive species to negatively affect recipient aquatic ecosystems, the continued distribution of such species within the aquaculture industry represents a potential threat in Texas. Our findings highlight the need for close monitoring of the live‐bait industry in the state to prevent further introductions into inland waters and reduce potential ecological risks to native fish populations and overall ecosystem functions and services.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of donor stray percentages between hatchery‐ and natural‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead in the upper Columbia watershed","authors":"Todd N. Pearsons, Rolland R. O'Connor","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10988","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveArtificial propagation of Pacific salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus</jats:italic> spp. is commonly used to achieve conservation and harvest goals. However, unintended effects of artificial propagation, such as high donor stray percentages, can reduce numbers of adults that return to target areas and also contribute spawners to different populations where they are undesirable. Until recently, it was difficult to assess if hatchery‐origin fish stray rates were atypical because few estimates of stray rates of natural‐origin fish were available. We sought to fill that gap by comparing donor stray percentages of hatchery‐ and natural‐origin Chinook Salmon <jats:italic>O. tshawytscha</jats:italic> and steelhead <jats:italic>O. mykiss</jats:italic> from the same locations.MethodsWe used 29,885 last passive integrated transponder tag detections of adult fish to estimate and compare donor stray percentages of hatchery‐origin and natural‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead in the upper Columbia River watershed between 2002 and 2018.ResultDonor stray percentages of hatchery‐origin spring, summer, and fall Chinook Salmon and steelhead were &lt;0.3% at the upper Columbia basin scale and similar to natural‐origin donor stray percentages. Only steelhead donor stray percentages were higher for hatchery‐origin adults at the subbasin scale than natural‐origin counterparts and were &lt;22% for all taxa. The percentage of hatchery‐origin steelhead and spring Chinook Salmon released in tributaries were detected at nontarget areas at higher percentages (&lt;63%) than natural‐origin counterparts born in these tributaries. Returning hatchery‐origin and natural‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead generally strayed in an upstream direction in similar proportions. Juvenile spring Chinook Salmon that were moved 14–391 km from centralized hatcheries to tributaries for overwintering or final acclimation strayed at a much higher rate than those that completed their incubation, rearing, and acclimation at a single location, but this did not occur with steelhead. Other adaptive management actions that were implemented to reduce straying produced mixed results. A high proportion of stray hatchery‐origin spring Chinook Salmon initially homed to tributary weirs.ConclusionDonor stray percentages of hatchery‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead were generally not higher than natural‐origin donor stray percentages at larger spatial scales (e.g., upper Columbia basin and subbasin) but were higher at smaller spatial scales (e.g., tributaries). A variety of approaches can be considered to reduce undesirable production of strays, but most of them involve difficult management trade‐offs.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic telemetry tracking of Coho Salmon smolts released from a community‐run hatchery into a marine inlet reveals low early ocean survival","authors":"Adam M. Kanigan, Scott G. Hinch, Andrew G. Lotto, Kamil Szlachta, Stephen D. Johnston, Stephanie A. Lingard","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10979","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveHatcheries are used to help supplement populations of Pacific salmon <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus</jats:italic> spp. for conservation and fisheries purposes and to provide stewardship opportunities. In British Columbia, small community‐run hatcheries typically focus on the latter and generally do not know the efficacy of their release approaches, unlike larger production hatcheries.MethodsWe used acoustic telemetry to track the survival and behavior of 90 hatchery‐reared Coho Salmon <jats:italic>O. kisutch</jats:italic> smolts, released from a community hatchery, through Burrard Inlet and into the Strait of Georgia. This is the first study to track Coho Salmon smolts released directly into a marine environment and one of very few studies to track them in an oceanic setting.ResultSmolt survival was lowest through the first 3 km of the migration at 37%, and the estimated cumulative survival to the final array (~20 km from release) was 10–23%. The presence of numerous predators in the region suggests that predation is a possible explanation for poor survival over the relatively short migration distance. Travel rates ranged from ~4 to 18 km/day, depending on the migration segment, which is slower than the marine migration of smolts from other species, likely increasing exposure to predators. However, we found potential evidence of “predator swamping,” as survival estimates across migration segments were highest for the final of our three release groups and poorest for the first release group, with intergroup survival estimates increasing by 7–12% in the final three migration segments. Releasing smolts at high densities and at night, as our partner hatchery currently does, likely improves smolt survival.ConclusionOur work demonstrates how acoustic telemetry can be used to examine hatchery practices and propose potential improvements. Saltwater readiness and the release location are factors that our results suggest may warrant future attention to potentially improve marine survival of Coho Salmon smolts.","PeriodicalId":19263,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}