New Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"A morphological analysis of Centaurea nigra and its associated taxa in Hertfordshire","authors":"M. Harris","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1408193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1408193","url":null,"abstract":"Centaurea nigra is a common grassland species within the variable, taxonomically difficult C. jacea group. C. debeauxii has recently been raised from subspecies to species level prompting an increase in recording. Difficulty in identifying these species is compounded by intra-species variation and the presence of introgressed hybrid swarms comprising not only C. nigra and C. debeauxii as parents but also C. jacea, an introduced species. This study uses multi-variate analytical techniques to identify and test the most diagnostic characters for these taxa. Fifteen morphological characters were measured on a range of herbarium specimens of C. nigra s.l. and principal component analysis was used to identify which characters are the most discriminating. Five selected characters were used in a discriminant analysis to compare Centaurea populations in Hertfordshire occupying a range of habitat types. The outcomes were tested using ANOSIM to test whether there is a significant difference between populations. Capitulum characters are shown to be discriminatory and used to confirm the presence of C. debeauxii and hybrids of C. debeauxii and C. nigra in the county together with evidence of contamination from C. jacea. Populations containing C. debeauxii range from mostly pure downland ecotypes to highly variable hybrid populations dominated by C. debeauxii but which show evidence of C. nigra characteristics. Some hybrid populations are closer to C. nigra and these are interpreted as C. nigra being the local taxon. Different habitat preferences determined by soil, wetness and acidity are confirmed. A method of defining populations is proposed.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"23 1","pages":"169 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84896357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Records","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1408758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1408758","url":null,"abstract":". New 10 km square records for Rare and Scarce plants, defined as those species in the New Atlas mapped in the British Isles in 100 10 km squares or fewer. (See BSBI News no. 95, January 2004, pp. 36–43). Records for the subdivisions of vice-counties will not be treated separately; they must therefore be records for the vice-county as a whole. However, records will be accepted for the major islands in v.cc. 100, 102– 104, 110 and 113. In the following list, records are arranged in the order given in the List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles and its supplements by D. H. Kent (1992). Nomenclature and taxonomy also follow this list except where changes have been made in the 3rd edition of the New Flora of the British Isles by C. A. Stace, in which cases, the changed names have been used. The Ordnance Survey national grid reference follows the habitat and locality. With the exception of collectors’ initials, herbarium abbreviations are those used in British and Irish Herbaria by D. H. Kent & D. E. Allen (1984). Records are field records if no other source is stated. For all records, ‘det.’ or ‘conf.’ appear after the herbarium if the determination was based on material already in an institutional herbarium, otherwise before the herbarium. The following signs are used: *before the vice-county number: to indicate a new vice-county record. † before the species number: to indicate that the plant is an archaeophyte. ‡ before the species number: to indicate that the plant is a neophyte. © before the species number: to indicate that the plant is a casual. The above three signs may also be used before the vice-county number to indicate the status of the plant in that vice-county. ® before the vice-county number: to indicate that this is an additional hectad for a Rare or Scarce plant. Ø at end of entry: established taxon not in ViceCounty Census Catalogue. Name of authority provided. [ ] enclosing a previously published record: to indicate that that record should be deleted or changed. Records are now published in two separate sections – (1) NATIVES (including archaeophytes) and (2) ALIENS (neophytes and casuals). The following list contains records up to and including the year 2016. Records from the following vice-counties are included:","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"28 1","pages":"184 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79915238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diploid Festuca ovina subsp. ovina (Poaceae) confirmed cytologically for Ireland","authors":"A. Fitzgerald, T. Hodkinson","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1408188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1408188","url":null,"abstract":"Two subspecies of Festuca ovina L. (Sheep’s-fescue) (Poaceae) are known to occur in Ireland, namely subsp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J. Wilk. and subsp. ophioliticola (Kerguélen) M.J. Wilk. Festuca ovina subsp. hirtula is also known as F. tenuifolia var. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) Howarth, and F. ophioliticola subsp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) Auquier. Festuca ovina subsp. ophioliticola is also known as F. ophioliticola Kerguélen. Both subspecies are tetraploid with 2n= 28 chromosomes (Wilkinson & Stace, 1991). Debate still remains over whether Festuca ovina L. subsp. ovina occurs in Ireland. Both Sell & Murrell (1996) and Stace (2010) cast some doubt as to the existence of the diploid ssp. ovina (2n = 14) in Ireland. This is a reflection of the fact that Watson (1958) only recorded tetraploid plants from Ireland, from cytologically determined samples obtained in West Cork (v.c. H3), Co. Wicklow (v.c. H20) and Co. Londonderry (v.c. H40). Furthermore, Wilkinson & Stace (1991) did not cytologically confirm the existence of diploid plants in Ireland. Cope & Gray (2009) state that F. ovina is a ‘complex of intergrading cytological and ecological races for which suitable discriminating morphological characters are not readily available’ and on that basis, therefore, only cytological analysis (including evaluation of ploidy levels) can confirm subspecies status. Watson (1958) discussed the possibility that the tetraploids of Festuca ovina had a local centre of distribution in (southern) Ireland, from where it was dispersed northwards across Britain and Ireland in the late-glacial period. Furthermore,Watson (1958) claimed that tetraploid plants tend to outcompete anddisplace diploids in vacant habitats where they occur together. All of this begged the question, does the diploid F. ovina subsp. ovina in fact occur on the island of Ireland? Attention was focussed by the first author on one particular site in Co. Monaghan (v.c. H32), where F. ovina subsp. ovina was recorded (using morphological characters only) by A. Hill and I. McNeill on 5th June 2008 on dry, rocky, acid heathland at Lemgare Rocks (Irish Grid reference H80149.27972). On 22nd May 2017, fresh material of the plant was collected by A.F. and was sent off to the BSBI Festuca Referee, A. Copping, for morphological confirmation. Cope & Gray (2009) (as per Wilkinson & Stace 1991) cite the morphological characters for subsp. ovina as follows, ‘spikelets 5.3–6.3 mm, scabrid lemmas 3.1–4.2 mm, awns 0–1.2 mm and glabrous blades with stomata < 31.5 μm’. The collected plant had spikelets 6.0 mm in length, scabrid lemmas 4.0 mm in length and glabrous leaf blades with stomata mostly <31.5 μm. All of the measured characters aligned with those of ssp. ovina. Confirmation was received from A. Copping on 27th May 2017, with the caveat that cytological confirmation would be required. Some of the collected material was therefore cultivated to generate fresh, growing root tips for chromosome counting. One cent","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"92 1","pages":"182 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78555299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric comparison of British Pseudorchis albida with Icelandic P. straminea (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae)","authors":"R. Bateman, P. Rudall, I. Denholm","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1408191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1408191","url":null,"abstract":"Although the majority of taxonomic studies of European orchids treat Pseudorchis as a monotypic genus, some observers have argued that the apparently circumboreal segregate P. straminea should also be treated as a full species. Here, we compare detailed in vivo measurements of 55 plants from nine populations of P. albida in Britain with ten plants from three populations of P. straminea in Iceland, We apply morphometric statistics to data for 31 morphometric characters, culled from an original set of 36. We also review current (limited) DNA-based evidence of their evolutionary divergence. Of the 31 variable morphometric characters, 14 help to distinguish the two species, including labellum dimensions, spur length, flower colour, bract and leaf lengths, leaf colour and apical hooding. Molecular divergence (notably in ITS) approximates the lowest level needed for acceptance of species-level distinction, but thus far, the molecular information is typological and does not encompass seemingly intermediate populations of ‘P. tricuspis’ occurring in the mountains of central Europe. Pseudorchis has the potential to become a valuable model system for the study of speciation and subsequent inter-/post-glacial migration. Despite persistent rumours, we found no evidence that P. straminea (or ‘P. tricuspis’) occurs in the British Isles; nonetheless, this species should continue to be sought in suitable habitats in northern Scotland. Morphological variation within P. albida is comparatively low, though the most exposed of our study populations exhibits (presumably ecophenotypic) dwarfing.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"5 1","pages":"78 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84640850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies in the charophyte flora and ecology of some post-industrial water bodies in County Durham (v.c. 66)","authors":"J. O'Reilly, D. Shimwell","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1408186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1408186","url":null,"abstract":"The reasons for the relatively small number of records for charophytes from County Durham (v.c. 66) in the 19th and 20th centuries are reviewed and the focus of recording on three specific areas is discussed. The augmentation of records is undertaken through four surveys of post-industrial water bodies in the period 2007–2013, specifically, of the Durham Magnesian Limestone Natural Area; Carboniferous Limestone quarries of Upper Weardale; lead mine reservoirs on the moorlands of the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; lakes and ponds of the central Wear Valley. As a result of the surveys the charophyte database was more than doubled to 124 records for 16 taxa and 39 key sites identified from a total survey of 138 sites. The flora is compared with other local vice-county floras, the ecological and phytosociological aspects discussed and the prospects for conservation considered. Most of the sites were found to be relatively immune from the threat of eutrophication.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"99 1","pages":"152 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84272371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The population dynamics of rare annual plants on the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall, UK, 2009–2016","authors":"D. Pearman","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1344043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1344043","url":null,"abstract":"The Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall, UK, is one of the richest botanical sites in Britain, in terms of rare plants at least, many of which have more southerly distributions in Europe reaching their northern limits in southwest England. Though much of the coastal habitat has escaped destruction, and most of the sites of the rare plants survive, very little is known of the details and vitality of the individual populations, and the extent to which species are increasing or declining due to changes in management and climate. Annuals are the easiest to monitor, despite their fluctuating yearly populations, if only because of their exclusivity to a highly localised but easily identified habitat and their relatively low numbers of sites as well as smaller populations compared with the perennials. An attempt was made over an 8-year period (2009–2016) to visit and monitor populations of five of the rarest species, all annuals (three Trifolium species and two Juncus species), whose sole or principal sites in Britain and Ireland are on the Lizard, and to count all plants at each site in each year. Apart from one survey for one species there is no evidence that this has ever been done before, and the rationale was partly to test whether current population figures bore any relation to those estimated in the past, and through that to see how they are faring in relation to climate and management and to set a reliable benchmark for future monitoring. Most of the historical sites for these annuals still seem to be in a suitable condition for their re-appearance, but the results showed a marked decline in the number of populations at those sites and a probable even larger decline in the numbers of individual plants. These declines probably arise from gradual cessation of traditional management over the last century, together with the possibility that drier springs are affecting germination, and wetter autumns and winters are encouraging the growth of competing perennials.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"11 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88244674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A John Clare Flora","authors":"C. Fisher, G. Reid","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1357870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1357870","url":null,"abstract":"I (GR) must admit to enjoying reading the book; when agreeing to review the book I was expecting a typical Flora, but this is something quite different. I am unfamiliar with the works of John Clare...","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"45 1","pages":"59 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86680207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angelica archangelica subsp. littoralis (Apiaceae) – a new native taxon for Britain","authors":"P. Stroh, W. Scott","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1297353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1297353","url":null,"abstract":"Angelica archangelica is subdivided into two taxa – subsp. archangelica and subsp. littoralis. Subspecies archangelica is a cultivated introduction found across much of its northern range, including Britain and Ireland, where it is an alien species of riverbanks, roadsides and waste ground. Subspecies littoralis has a mainly native coastal distribution in Scandinavia, Germany and the Balkans, and has not previously been recorded from Britain or Ireland. However, in recent years there have been records for subsp. littoralis at three remote coastal locations in Shetland. We contend that the plants arrived and temporarily established via natural means from a native origin and consequently that A. archangelica subsp. littoralis should be recognised as a new native British taxon, albeit one that is now presumed extinct at the sole locality.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"49 1","pages":"57 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76236696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Flora of Devon","authors":"S. Goodfellow","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1357871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1357871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"43 1","pages":"60 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88181283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional stability versus fine scale changes in community composition of mesotrophic grasslands over 25 years","authors":"E. Sullivan, I. Powell, P. Ashton","doi":"10.1080/20423489.2017.1344042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20423489.2017.1344042","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term studies of vegetation change in grasslands are important to our understanding of the ecology and management of grassland systems, especially for grasslands of high conservation value which have seen a drastic decline due to agricultural intensification and abandonment. This study investigated change over 25 years in 35 mesotrophic grassland sites which were described as species-rich at the start of the study period. Some sites had been consistently managed by mowing or grazing, while others had seen a change to more intensive management or to little or no regular management. Baseline data were available for both quadrat and species list surveys and repeat surveys were undertaken using the same methods on all 35 sites. Multivariate analysis using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling revealed that the overall community composition was similar in the original and repeat surveys, but some differences were revealed when the sites were categorised by management type. The two survey methods provided different information about both the principal vegetation communities and about other aspects of the site including the presence of rare species. There were losses and gains of species of importance to conservation, with more losses than gains overall, and there was some evidence for species losses at sites which had been managed consistently for conservation. These changes may be linked to aspects of the management regime, isolation of sites or changes in soil fertility levels, but a greater understanding of the local and regional processes affecting diversity in mesotrophic grasslands is required to inform conservation management.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"22 1","pages":"25 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76138995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}