Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches最新文献

{"title":"Mitophagy-Related Cell Death Mediated by Vacquinol-1 and TRPM7 Blockade in Glioblastoma IV","authors":"P. Sander, P. Walther, B. Moepps, Michael Hinz, H. Mostafa, Patrick M. Schaefer, A. Paľa, C. Wirtz, M. Georgieff, E. Schneider","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77076","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma IV (GBM) is one of the deadliest malignant diseases in adults and is characterized by a high mutation rate and multiple traits to suppress inborn and acquired immunity. We here approached autophagy-related cell death in newly established GBM cell lines derived from individual tumor isolates. Treatment with a small molecule, termed Vacquinol-1 (Vac) exhibited 100% GBM cell death, which was related to mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and autophagy. The toxicity of Vac was significantly increased by the inhibition of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7). TRPM7 is overexpressed in GBM as well as in many other tumors and thus may be a potential target by the natural compound carvacrol. Of note, at higher concentrations, Vac also induced growth inhibition and cell death in non-transformed cell types. However, in the presence of the TRPM7 inhibitor carvacrol, the tumor-selective effect of Vac was very much increased. Results given in the present study are based on long-term video microscopy using IncuCyteZOOM®, calcium measurements, and 3D ultrastructural analysis using the cryofixed material.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131732294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Therapeutic Implications of Mitochondrial Network and Mitochondria-Associated Membranes: The Glioma’s Case","authors":"G. Arismendi-Morillo, A. Castellano-Ramírez, T. Seyfried","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77224","url":null,"abstract":"Even today, despite the surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, gliomas prognosis is still poor. There is a great need to develop new therapies. The understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of mitochondrial network (MN) and mitochondriaassociated membranes (MAM) in gliomas is essential for the design of future therapeutic strategies. A huge range of ultrastructural findings is observed in MN and MAM in the human gliomas. These findings imply that a majority of glioma cells are incompetent to produce an adequate amount of energy by means of oxidative phosphorylation and compensatory increases in glycolytic ATP production. Regarding MAM, a “MAM-rich” cell (well-differentiated glioma cells) and “MAM-deficient” cells (glioma like-stem cells) exist. The quantity of MAM could be linked to the functional or metabolic state of the different glioma cells. MAM-resident mTORC2 is a major regulator tumor growth and drug resistance. If sufficient nutrients are present, glioblastoma cells maintain mTORC2 signaling to drive cell proliferation and survival. Consequently, the replacement of fermentable fuels like glucose with non-fermentable fuels like ketone bodies becomes a logical approach. The vision must be targeting the cellular signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming. Whatever the modality, a holistic and feasible approach must be developed.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosurgical Options for Glioma","authors":"I. Omerhodzic, A. Džurlić, A. Ahmetspahić, BekirRovčanin, M. Kalamujić, N. Bilalović, Bilal Imširović, EnraSuljić","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82603","url":null,"abstract":"Glioma surgery has been the main component of glioma treatment for decades. The surgi- cal approach changed over time, making it more complex and more challenging. With molecular knowledge and diagnostic improvement, this challenge became maximally safe resection of tumor, which resulted in prolonged overall survival, progression-free period, and a better quality of life. Today, the standard glioma treatment includes maximally safe resection, if feasible, administration of temozolomide, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Surgical resection is performed as subtotal resection, gross total resection, and supratotal resection. Subtotal resection is the resection where a part of tumor is left. Gross total resection is a complete removal of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visible tumor tissue. Supratotal resection is performed as gross total resection with excising the MRI visible tumor tissue borders into the unaffected brain tissue. Before we make final decision on which type of resection should be performed, many factors have to be considered. The question has to be answered: what the actual impact of resection on the progression of glioma is and what the functional risk of resection is.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124978376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Glioma - Merciless Medical Diagnosis","authors":"I. Omerhodzic","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82863","url":null,"abstract":"Is not this still the truth? Or, are we today, over 100 years after the first glioma operation, however, nearer to the option that we can treat, even cure, most of gliomas or at least keep the disease under control for very many years? The most frequent primary brain tumor, glioma, is still a nightmare for neurooncologists, neuropathologists, neurosurgeons, and other related professionals, but for patients and their families first of all.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128601276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Interaction with the Tumor Microenvironment in Malignant Progression of Human Glioblastoma","authors":"Y. Gong, Yucui Dong, J. Cui, Quanye Sun, Ziqi Zhen, YifanGao, Jun Su, H. Ren","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76873","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor, characterized with a rapid pro- gression and poor prognosis despite modern therapies. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a membrane tyrosine kinase that could be activated by binding ligands with the extra- cellular domain, and communicating signals according to the tyrosine kinase activity of the intracellular domain. Recent studies revealed that RTKs such as EGFR, PDGFR and MET play key roles in cancer progression through regulation of abundant cellular processes. As transmembrane proteins, RTKs work as a mediator between the extracellular environment and intracellular compartments, translating the tumor microenvironment (TME) signals into the tumor cells. TME is also a critical regulator for the malignant pro- cess, lately receiving considerable attention. It is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), the stromal cells (i.e., endothelial cells, microglia and fibroblasts), secreted factors, and hypoxia environment, etc. Among these, the strong invasion and sustained angiogenesis of GBM are closely related to ECM-receptor interaction and -associated signaling events. In this chapter, we consider the interaction and mechanisms of RTKs and TME in GBM progression, especially the role of ECM-receptor mediated signaling in tumor invasion, hypoxia and angiogenesis, glioma stem cells and tumor metabolism. We then summarize and discuss recent improvements on the approaches of targeting RTK and TME as the therapy in the primary GBM.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Thermochemoradiotherapy in Glioblastoma Treatment: Preliminary Results","authors":"Anastasiya Ryabova, V. A. Novikov, O. Gribova, Evgeny L.Choynzonov, Z. Startseva, E. Grigoryev, Irina A.Miloichikova, N. Turgunova, P. Surkova","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76264","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. The patient can be alive with this pathology using the modern standard of intensive combined treatment less than 2 years. Between December 2013 and August 2017, 30 patients with newly diag- nosed supratentorial glioblastoma had received concomitant chemoradiotherapy with transcranial radiofrequency hyperthermia. The gross total or the subtotal resection of the tumor was made previously in all cases. The median follow-up time after opera-tion achieved 12 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5–23 months) in this study. The median disease-free survival time was 9.6 months (95% CI: 7.2–19.0 months). The median overall survival time of patients included in the study was 23.4 months. No increase in the systemic side effects of chemotherapy was found compared with the fre quency described in the population. Preliminary results had shown that the usage of concomitant thermochemoradiotherapy with transcranial radiofrequency hyperthermia improves progression-free survival rates. Overall survival rates also tended to increase. Given the absence of severe complications, it is necessary to continue research to achieve statistically significant results.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"26 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113964862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse Astrocytoma and Oligodendroglioma: An Integrated Diagnosis and Management","authors":"S. Florian, S. Suşman","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76205","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the WHO classification of brain tumors has introduced molecular parameters in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Together with embryonal tumors, the diffuse gliomas have suffered significant changes in diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. A new concept of “integrated diagnosis” comes to combine the classical diagnosis with the molecular one. While it is still impossible to disregard the histopathological component, according to the new rule (“molecular beats histology”) makes molecular parameters dominant in the final diagnosis. Currently, the diffuse gliomas (oligodendroglial or astrocytic) are nosologically closer than the astrocytomas with a diffuse growth pattern, and the astrocytomas with a more circumscribed growth pattern defined by the presence of the IDH mutation. The family tree was redefined by the presence of the IDH mutation and of the 1p/19q codeletion. The implementation of this new concept in clinical practice will improve patient management, as well as the design of clinical trials and experimental studies. This must also be seen as a model for diagnosis setting in the new molecular era.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytomas and miRNAs: Are They Useful?","authors":"M. Pérezpeña-Díazconti, P. Eguía-Aguilar, F. Leon","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77419","url":null,"abstract":"Tumours in the central nervous system are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms originat- ing in the neural ectoderm and other layers of the embryo. In the Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, in accordance with what has been described in corresponding literature, these tumours occupy the third place, after leukaemia and lymphoma, in cancer cases. MiRNAs are non-codifying RNA molecules, of 18–24 nucleotides which regulate the expression of genes in a post-transcriptional level. Recently, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of different types of cancer has been taken into consider - ation. In the case of astrocytomas, several target molecules of miRNAs have been determined, and their participation in the development of tumours has been proved since they are involved in differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis processes. MiRNAs are less susceptible to chemical modifications and degradement by ribonucleases by comparison with RNAm. The level of expression of miRNAs starting from bodily fluids represents the most promising advance for a non-invasive diagnosis and allows for their use as biomark- ers to detect tumours in early stages and correlating them with clinical development. which may progress into a glioma of low to high grade. Additional oncogenic mutations may facilitate the malignant phenotype. the level of expression starting from bodily flu ids represents the most promising advance for a non-invasive diagnosis and allows for their use as biomarkers to detect tumours in early stages and correlating them with clinical development.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"31 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125703879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Supplementation during Glioma Therapy: Friend or Foe?","authors":"D. Harmancı","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77079","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas which are one of the most common types of primary brain tumors are origi- nated from glial cells. Type of tumor and tumor location are the most important factors to determine the treatment options. The treatment options might be surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and experimental clinical studies. Especially, in course of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, antioxidant levels decrease. Antioxidants fight against the oxidants’ negative effects, which include cell damage, oxidative stress, and so on. Recent years, some researchers present that the antioxidant using could be harmful in some cases. A growing body of evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation might increase the mortality. In this chapter, an overview of antioxidants and their functions has been presented to introduce researchers to the changes and effects of the antioxidants in glioma treatment. The evidence-based studies have been summa- rized. These experimental studies are important to understand the right option for the patient and transfer the solution from bench to bed.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115415336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in Glioblastoma","authors":"D. Krivosheya, H. Borghei-Razavi, G. Barnett, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77078","url":null,"abstract":"Laser interstitial thermal therapy is a minimally invasive ablative technique that continues to gain popularity in treatment of a variety of intracranial and spinal disorders. In the field of neuro-oncology it continues to be used for treatment of a variety of intracranial neoplasms, including glioblastoma—the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Maximizing the extent of resection in patients with glioblastoma was shown to prolong patient survival. Many patients present, however, with tumors that are nonresectable due to proximity to eloquent cortical or subcortical areas, or involvement of deep brain struc - tures. LITT procedure, on the other hand, is minimally invasive and involves placing a laser catheter under stereotactic guidance and monitoring the size of the lesion produced as a result of laser ablation using MR thermography in real time. Therefore, a number of studies explored the potential of laser ablation to accomplish significant cytoreduction and thus potentially improve patient’s outcomes and prolong survival. The following chapter will review the principles of laser ablation and its current role in treatment of glioblastoma. was started on Keppra. Laser ablation of the lesion with a concurrent biopsy was recom-mended given the deep-seated location of the tumor. A single trajectory was used employ-ing a side firing laser (Monteris). Complete tumor coverage was achieved as indicated by inclusion of the entire tumor volume within the blue thermal damage threshold lines. She had an uneventful postoperative course. No new postoperative deficits were associated with the procedure. Pathology showed a hypercellular glial tumor with marked nuclear atypia, frequent mitoses, and vascular proliferative changes, consistent with the diagnosis of glio blastoma. A Ki-67 labeling index in excess of 30% was focally noted. Greater than 80% of tumor cells stained positively with antibody to p53. 1p/19q chromosomes were intact, and EGFR was non-amplified. Following laser treatment, the patient received chemotherapy and radiation according to Stupp protocol, followed by adjuvant temozolomide for eight cycles that was stopped due to persistent myelosuppression. She was followed with regular MRI scans of brain with great local control with nearly complete resolution of the treated lesion. Unfortunately, at 2.5 years after procedure she developed disease progression at a remote site.","PeriodicalId":192209,"journal":{"name":"Glioma - Contemporary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"1993 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125542231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}