Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"Regulating How We Die: The Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide, edited by Linda L. Emanuel.","authors":"K. Cerminara","doi":"10.1080/01947649909511090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01947649909511090","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating how we die: The ethical, medical, and legal issues surrounding physician‐assisted suicide. Linda L. Emanuel, ed. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998), 304 pages, $39.95.","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"281-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75770246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The 83rd Congress of the Japanese Society of Legal Medicine. Hiroshima, Japan. April 14-16, 1999. Abstracts].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21097258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of identification of two persons from heavily burned teeth by age estimation].","authors":"T Tsuchimochi,&nbsp;H Koyama,&nbsp;H Inoue,&nbsp;Y Maeno,&nbsp;M Iwasa,&nbsp;K Saito,&nbsp;R Matoba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A man murdered his two daughters, one five years and two months old and one seven months old. He placed them into a 750 degrees C aluminum liquefying furnace. Teeth and many fragments of the severely burned bones were recovered. However, at first, the bone fragments did not offer proof that two children were put into the furnace. The age estimation of the teeth burned in liquefied aluminum was carried out based on the maturity of the teeth and the degree of absorption of deciduous teeth roots. As a result from the admixture of permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, we presumed them to be derived from more than one person.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 6","pages":"360-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21201434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An autopsy case of sudden death caused by untreated sepsis after complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia].","authors":"M Hitosugi,&nbsp;K Fukui,&nbsp;A Takatsu,&nbsp;T Harada,&nbsp;M Homori,&nbsp;K Kawano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The patient was 63 year-old man. He had been diagnosed as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and treated until 4 month before his death with complete remission. The patient suddenly died 9 days after he complained of occipital headache. Autopsy and histopathologic findings were as follows: the left pleura was thick and calcificated with abscess, compatible with the findings of old tuberculosis complicated with bacterial infection. Furthermore, polynuclear leukocytes and gram-positive micro-organisms were accumulated in the lungs, and pyogenic meningitis, pyonephritis, splenitis were also found. Bacteologically, Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected from cadaver's blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, we concluded that the patient was died of septic shock caused by systemic infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The mortality of septic shock is high and in some patients, causative organisms may not be isolated. In the present case, although the original inflammation was left pleuritis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, correct clinical diagnosis was not made before death as the patient had lacked any complaints except for occipital headache. This case revealed that the cause of sudden death was sepsis induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae instead of a relapse of APL. This case also illustrated the importance of reviewing the previous history of a patient and doing postmortem bacteologic examination in a case of suspected sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 6","pages":"355-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21201433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Immunohistochemical studies on neuronal changes in brain stem nucleus of forensic autopsied cases. II. Sudden infant death syndrome].","authors":"S Kubo,&nbsp;Y Orihara,&nbsp;T Gotohda,&nbsp;I Tokunaga,&nbsp;R Tsuda,&nbsp;K Ikematsu,&nbsp;O Kitamura,&nbsp;A Yamamoto,&nbsp;I Nakasono","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several nuclei in brain stem are well known to play an important role in supporting human life. However, the connection between neural changes of brain stem and the cause of death is not yet fully understood. Previously, in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) it has been suggested that impaired cardioventilatory control might contribute to cause of death. So, to investigate the brain stem damage in SIDS, neural changes of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the hypoglossal nucleus (HN) and the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) was examined using immunohistochemical technique. Brain was fixed with phosphate-buffer formalin, and the brain stem was horizontally dissected at the level of apex, then embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with the antibodies against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), muscalinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), c-fos gene product (c-Fos) and 72 kD heat-shock protein (HSP70). Morphological changes of neurons in three nuclei were not evident. Moreover, because MAP2 degeneration and expression of HSP70 and c-Fos were not observed, neuronal damage in those nuclei was not suspected. However, although there was no abnormality of mAChR immunostaining in HN and IO, the rate of mAChR-immunopositive neurons in ARC was less than that in control. These observations indicate that immunohistochemical study on the neuronal changes in ARC can provide useful information for diagnosing SIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 6","pages":"350-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21201432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Immunohistochemical studies on neuronal changes in brain stem nucleus of forensic autopsied cases. I. Various cases of asphyxia and respiratory disorder].","authors":"S Kubo,&nbsp;Y Orihara,&nbsp;T Gotohda,&nbsp;I Tokunaga,&nbsp;R Tsuda,&nbsp;K Ikematsu,&nbsp;O Kitamura,&nbsp;A Yamamoto,&nbsp;I Nakasono","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several nuclei in brain stem are well known to play an important role in supporting human life. However, the connection between neural changes of brain stem and the cause of death is not yet fully understood. To investigate the correlation of brain stem damage with various cause of respiratory disorders, neural changes of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the hypoglossal nucleus (HN) and the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) were examined using immunohistochemical technique. Based on the cause of death, the forensic autopsy cases were divided into 5 groups as follows. Group I: hanging, ligature strangulation and manual strangulation, Group II: smothering and choking, Group III: drowning, Group IV: respiratory failure, control group: heat stroke and sun stroke. Brain was fixed with phosphate-buffer formalin, and the brain stem was horizontally dissected at the level of apex, then embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with the antibodies against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), muscalinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), c-fos gene product (c-Fos) and 72 kD heat-shock protein (HSP70). Three nuclei showed no obvious morphological changes in all examined groups. However, in case of asphyxia (Group I to III), neurons in HN were positively stained with both HSP70 and c-Fos antibodies. This may indicate that the occlusion of upper airway results in the neuronal damage of HN without their morphological changes. Positive staining of HSP70 and c-Fos in IO was more frequently observed in Group III than other 4 groups. Since IO is involved in maintaining body balance which is often disturbed by drowning, it seems possible that neuronal damage in IO observed in drowning may be related to the disturbance of body balance. These observations indicate that immunohistochemical study on the damage to neurons in brain stem nuclei can provide useful information for determining the cause of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 6","pages":"345-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21201519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metabolic activation of azaheterocyclics induced dopaminergic toxicity: possible candidate neurotoxins underlying idiopathic Parkinson's disease].","authors":"K Matsubara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1983, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a contaminant of \"synthetic heroin\", has been reported to induce parkinsonian symptoms in humans, who were responsive to L-DOPA therapy, as a result of the degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons. The \"MPTP story\" hypothesizes that Parkinson's disease may be initiated or percipitated by environmental and/or endogenous toxins by a mechanism similar to that of MPTP in genetically-predisposed individuals. Several classes of heterocyclic molecules structurally related to MPTP have been advanced as possible neurotoxicant precursors underlying the nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Indoleamine-related beta-carbolines (beta Cs), a class of heterocyclics which are basically plant alkaloids, are proposed as the most promising natural MPTP-like toxicants or protoxicants. In this article, beta Cs and N-methylated beta C cations are reviewed with regards to their formation, bioactivation, toxicity and presence in the human central nervous system. The enzymes in mammalian brain particulate fractions methylate beta Cs, sequentially forming 2-mono-[N]-methylated (2-Me beta C+s) and neurotoxic 2,9-di-[N, N']-methylated (2,9-Me2 beta C+s) beta-carbolinium cations. These beta C+s are structural analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), an active metabolite of MPTP, with a nitrogen bridge. The beta C+s not only inhibit DA reuptake and tyrosine hydroxylase, but also function as NADH-linked respiratory inhibitors in isolated mitochondria. The quarternization of beta C strikingly increased the affinity for dopamine transporter with 2-10 times greater Km and 10 times smaller Vmax values than MPP+. Furthermore, we have found higher concentrations of beta C+s localized in the nigra than in the cortex, and observed the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation of 2[beta]- and 9[indole]-nitrogens of beta Cs in non-parkinsonian human brains. Moreover, the cerebrospinal fluid levels of these beta C+s are higher in parkinsonian than non-parkinsonian patients. Simple beta-carboline induced parkinsonian-like symptoms in mice via N-methylation. These results indicated that beta C is a selective dopaminergic toxin precursor, that is sequentially methylated to form 2,9-Me2 beta C+ that could be an underlying factor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 5","pages":"301-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden natural death in driving: case studies in the western area of Kanagawa.","authors":"M Osawa,&nbsp;T Nagasawa,&nbsp;N Yukawa,&nbsp;Y Nakajima,&nbsp;Y Seto,&nbsp;T Ohki,&nbsp;T Saito,&nbsp;S Takeichi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess their incidence and implications, we made a retrospective study of sudden unexpected natural deaths during driving that occurred in the five year-period between 1992 and 1997. During that period, 188 postmortem examinations were performed on driver victims of traffic accidents. Of these, 15 (8%) were found to have died of natural causes such as heart disease or cerebral hemorrhage. Marked findings in this study were that no persons over 70 years of age and more occupational drivers suffered natural death. Although no passengers or pedestrians were injured, as many as eight vehicles collided with another object or vehicle. Sudden natural death, particularly from cerebral hemorrhage, of drivers might be hazardous to other road users.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 5","pages":"315-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[High activity of deoxyribonuclease I identified in human pituitary gland--structure and function].","authors":"T Yasuda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) showing genetic polymorphism has been evaluated to be well suited for practical purposes such as criminal individualization or paternity testing. DNase I has so far been recognized to be functionally active only during the digestion of exogenous DNA, because this enzyme is secreted into the alimentary tract from exocrine glands such as the pancreas. However, it was discovered that the human pituitary gland, non-digestive tissue, exhibited higher DNase I enzyme activity and expression of its gene, being comparable to those of the pancreas. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that DNase I plays (a) biological role(s) other than a digestive one. Furthermore, we observed that all hypothalamic hormones examined induced a significant elevation or decline of pituitary, serum and urine DNase I activity in a rapid and transient manner similar to the corresponding anterior pituitary hormones. Therefore, DNase I was demonstrated to be coupled with the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in a hypothalamic pituitary system. Thus, recent progress of our studies on human DNase I for purpose of practical uses in forensic sciences has permitted us to succeed in the clarification of a novel biological function inherent in the enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 5","pages":"295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Studies on properties of cross-reacting anti-A,B antibodies in group O sera].","authors":"K Ago","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely accepted that the sera of group O individuals contain three antibodies: anti-A, anti-B, and an antibody capable of reacting with both A and B red cells, generally called anti-A,B. The exact nature of the anti-A,B antibody, however, has been controversial for a long time. This paper attempts to answer the question of the anti-A,B antibody. The anti-A,B antibody was separated and purified from pooled group O sera by six consecutive runs of affinity chromatography on alternating columns of group A-specific and group B-specific immunoadsorbents. The final eluate, the anti-A,B preparation, was found to be homogeneous in the polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Immunodiffusion studies, together with treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, showed the anti-A,B antibody to be IgG. The anti-A activity of the anti-A, B antibody was inhibited with group A secretor saliva and group A-specific substances, but not with group B secretor saliva and group B-specific substances, and the anti-B activity of the antibody was inhibited with group B secretor saliva and group B-specific substances, but not with group A secretor saliva and group A-specific substances. Then, Fab fragments of the anti-A,B antibody were prepared by papain digestion. Indirect hemagglutination tests for the Fab fragments by use of an anti-Fab antiserum demonstrated that the Fab fragments possess both of anti-A and anti-B activity. Then, rosetting tests for the anti-A,B antibody were carried out using A- and B-specific trisaccharides covalently attached to silica particles. The results showed that the anti-A,B antibody linked A- and B-specific trisaccharides to A and B red cells. These results strongly indicate that the anti-A,B antibody is an antibody with significant affinity for both group A and group B antigens rather than an antibody directed against a structure common to group A and group B antigens. The conclusions based on the above experiments are that the anti-A,B antibody in group O sera is IgG and presumably possesses dual specificity regarding to anti-A and anti-B activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"52 5","pages":"319-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}