Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine最新文献

{"title":"[An autopsy case of pulmonary thromboembolism associated with chlorine gas poisoning].","authors":"M Asano,&nbsp;H Nushida,&nbsp;Y Ueno,&nbsp;K Yata,&nbsp;J Adachi,&nbsp;Y Tatsuno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a rare case of sudden death of a patient with acute pulmonary thromboembolism associated with chlorine gas poisoning. A 21-year-old man in a water-filtration plant accidentally inhaled highly concentrated chlorine gas. He was immediately brought to a hospital after exposure. On admission, the patient had clouding of consciousness, dyspnea, and deep cyanosis. Arterial blood gas values indicated severe hypoxemia; PaO2 was 35.9 mmHg and PaCO2 was 42.4 mmHg. The clinical course was uneventful and he was satisfactorily recovering. However, ten days after admission he became sick and markedly cyanotic. He lost consciousness and then he went into cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite efforts at resuscitation, he died. An autopsy revealed bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism, although he apparently did not have any risk factor for embolism. The toxicity of chlorine gas may be related to the pulmonary thromboembolism, but the mechanisms leading to his death are unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"345-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An autopsy case of a bicycle accident with ring fracture at the base of the skull].","authors":"I Ushiyama,&nbsp;A Nishimura,&nbsp;Y Yamamoto,&nbsp;K Nishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the autopsy case of a 41-year old passenger who suffered a significant head injury with a typical ring fracture at the base of the skull as a result of a violent fall from a bicycle. Several reports about ring fractures of the base of the skull revealed that they were due to crashing a car at high speed, a collision and/or a fall while riding a motorcycle and a fall in piloting a gyrocopter and so on resulting in severe injury to another part of the body. In this case, the ring fracture occurred when his spine was pushed up by high impact of the parieto-occipital region against the ground.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"350-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Forensic autopsy of \"hardship\" without a well-equipped, adequately staffed toxicological laboratory].","authors":"M Funayama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With a limited budget, it is difficult for our department to have a well-equipped toxicological laboratory with sufficient members of trained personnel. Alcohol levels in the body fluids and carbon monoxide levels in the blood are routinely measured using gas chromatography and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. Some drugs can be detected by the drug screening test on the market, such as Triage test. When poisoning is certain in a criminal case, I entrust another forensic laboratory with analyzing. In some non-criminal cases, a clinical laboratory of a private company may be chosen. In other cases, however, the samples are only kept in a freezer. In case of outside order, a guideline to provide an adequate chain of custody will be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Isolation of type-A blood group active glycoproteins from salivas and their reaction with monoclonal antibodies].","authors":"T Ohmori,&nbsp;I Sakai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously examined several ABO blood grouping antibodies with whole saliva and observed that there were two types of antibodies. One group of antibodies reacted with both secretory and non-secretory saliva, and the other with only secretory saliva. In order to clarify the differences in reaction of the antibodies with saliva, we needed to analyze of antigens in secretory and non-secretory saliva. Therefore, we prepared blood group active glycoproteins from secretory and non-secretory saliva by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The secretory saliva gave three active peaks, one large peak in the void volume and two small peaks in fractions of smaller molecular weights on Sepharose-CL6B after the affinity chromatography. From the non-secretory saliva, a single active peak in the void volume, which corresponded to the major peak in the secretory saliva, was found. Most blood group activities were found in those void volume fractions. Moreover, capillary electrophoresis showed that these blood group active glycoproteins were identical, and that there were immunological differences between secretory and non-secretory salivary blood group substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"322-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Searching for a new risk factor of sudden cardiac death].","authors":"S Takeichi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sudden death of cardiovascular origin has been recognized as a major cause of sudden natural death. Advanced coronary atherosclerosis often co-existent, despite this, little or no coronary atherosclerosis was seen in approximately half of the sudden coronary death cases. Some components in the blood seem to induce not only the coronary atherosclerosis but also coronary spasm and/or thrombogenesis under certain conditions, which does not necessarily relate to the severity of atherosclerosis. Postmortem plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels, especially triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants (abbreviated as remnants) were measured as remnant-like particles-cholesterol (RLP-C) and triglyceride (RLP-TG) in two groups of Japanese subjects who died suddenly and unexpectedly due to coronary or non-coronary causes. Our study on the postmortem plasma analysis of lipids and lipoproteins indicated that RLP-C was most strongly correlated with the severity of the coronary atherosclerosis and to be the best predictor among various parameters. Furthermore, RLP-TG appeared to be highly associated with the risk of sudden coronary event or death, especially in cases without advanced coronary atherosclerosis, which might be associated with clinical events as coronary spasm or thrombosis. Biological activities of RLP from postmortem plasmas of sudden coronary death cases showed strong effects on platelet aggregation and impaired vasorelaxation in vitro. RLP determined as RLP-TG might affect on the process of spasm or on the formation of thrombus in the coronary artery at the time of sudden coronary death, independent of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. These data might be clinically important to predict or to prevent sudden coronary death. The studies were conducted as followed: 1) Separation, purification and quantitative analysis of remnants from postmortem plasma. 2) Isolation and characterization of remnants from postmortem plasma. 2-1) Assessment of the methods of TG measurement. 2-2) Characterization of remnants by HPLC methods. 2-3) Characterization of remnants by electrophoresis. 2-4) Electron microscopical observation of remnants. 3) Lipid and lipoprotein analysis of sudden coronary death and control cases. 3-1) Lipid and lipoprotein levels of sudden coronary death and control cases. 3-2) Plasma remnant levels in the postprandial state. 3-3) Severity of coronary atherosclerosis and plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, especially remnant levels. 3-4) Sudden coronary death cases without advanced coronary atherosclerosis and their plasma lipid, lipoprotein levels, especially remnant levels. 4) Biological activities of the remnants. 4-1) Endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the coronary artery. 4-2) Aggregation of human blood platelets by remnants. 5) Fatty acids analysis of remnants from sudden coronary death cases. 6) Immuno-histochemical examination of various apo-lipoproteins on the coronary artery. 7) Gene analysis of plasma lipid met","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"255-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Present status of forensic analyses and possible approach for a rapid identification of toxins].","authors":"M Ueki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frequency of public harm that associated with hazardous chemicals has been increasing in the last several years. These incidents involve nerve gas attacks on Matsumoto-city and on the subways in central Tokyo, doping in sports, amphetamines abuse problem among adolescent boys and girls, potential health risks due to a contamination of environment by endocrine disrupters, and scheduled contamination of foods and drinks by several toxic compounds. US government has learnt from unexpected Sarin-affairs in Japan, and fast-track defensive action has been taken in the USA for a better safe of general public. The Japanese system for forensic analyses consists of a number of in-organizational laboratories that founded in each individual universities, hospitals and police offices etc. Such system allows laboratories to fit regional requirements and to achieve highly professional outcome on a specific area depending on their scientific interests. On the other hand, such situation sometime can cause difficulty in timely identification of certain compounds, which are not frequently analyzed in their laboratories. This paper refers to the possible bottlenecks, critical points and key success factors for a rapid identification of toxins. Two stage testing systems, namely, a) simple rapid examination such as one-step specific immunoassays for on-site emergency testing, and b) following conclusive identification of the compounds in the nearest expert laboratories seemed to be effective and practical corrective measures for the problems that were focused in the recent crises. Documentation of the course of action to be taken in case of emergency, improved supply system of reference standards, circulation of information through the Internet mailing list or other communication infrastructures, use of quality control program, and financial supporting of other educational programs for analyses, may improve the situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"318-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Isn't there a gap between ideal and real actions in legal toxicology?].","authors":"M Sagi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I showed a view for some problems, which need to be solved, in the process of post mortem examinations and chemical analyses of deaths from poisoning. Basic education program of analytical chemistry has some problems for medical students, post graduated persons and analysts. Analytical procedures have also problems in quality assurance system. I expressed the necessity of \"an analytical center of poisoning\", following I showed a plan as a starting point for \"the analytical center\".</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"306-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21575413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Proteome analysis: the state of the art of the methodology].","authors":"A Tsugita,&nbsp;T Kawakami","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proteome is the protein complement of a genome. Proteome analysis has been progressing worldwide. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), a key technique in proteome analysis, separates proteins on a polyacrylamide gel according to the isoelectric point and molecular mass. A total of 1,000-1,500 protein spots can be separated and detected on a polyacrylamide gel using silver-staining. It is important to identify individual protein spots in order to correlate the information of the genome to that of the corresponding proteome. By automatic amino-terminal sequencing, around 15 amino acid residues from the amino terminus can be determined from 1 pmole of a protein sample. The homology search of the obtained sequences against a protein sequence database can clarify the protein unambigously. Recently, a carboxyl-terminal sequencing method using a vapor from a high concentration of an organic acid has been developed. Peptide-mass-fingerprinting is a new method for protein identification using residue-specific proteases and mass spectrometry. Two types of chemical cleavage methods, the carboxyl side cleavage of the aspartyl peptide bond and the amino terminal cleavage of serine/threonine peptide bonds would be more suitable for peptide-mass-fingerprinting of micro amount protein because of no contamination from the gel matrix or the enzyme used. It would be possible to analyse less amount protein sample (100 femtomole) more rapidly according to advancement of mass spectrometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 2","pages":"191-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21397854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Japanese population].","authors":"Y Katsumata,&nbsp;M Mizutani,&nbsp;H Nozawa,&nbsp;R Uchihi,&nbsp;T Yamamoto,&nbsp;K Tamaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In population genetics, the absence of the departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is usually tested when a population study of a certain DNA marker is performed to show the observed allele frequencies represent those of the whole population. The goodness-of-fit test (chi 2 test) assuming chi 2 approximation has frequently been used with classical blood type markers having a few alleles. However, new tests suitable for DNA markers having many alleles, such as homozygosity test, likelihood ratio test and Guo-Thompson's (G-T') exact test, have recently been devised. In the present study, appropriate tests for HWE was studied using population data of 206 Japanese individuals with 9 different short tandem repeat loci. Firstly, we found that the recommendation of NRC II for the treatment of rare allele frequencies (If a bin in the database contains fewer than five entries, it is pooled with adjacent bins so that no bin has fewer than five) is quite reasonable for personal identification in forensic sciences. Secondly, we proposed that homozygosity test, likelihood ratio test and G-T's exact test should be applied altogether and HWE of the sample population should be valid only when all of the three tests were cleared.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 2","pages":"218-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21397222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The structural polymorphism in D8S580-STR region].","authors":"K Akiyama,&nbsp;K Shimada,&nbsp;E Takeda,&nbsp;T Yoshii,&nbsp;I Ishiyama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The STR structure of the D8S580 locus was analyzed by the base sequencing technique. Alleles were collected separately by urea denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the PCR amplification product, followed by cutting of the target DNA band from the gel, and reamplification. As a result, this locus was shown to have a complex STR structure consisting of four types of repeat units, i.e. GGAA (II), GAAA (III), GAAAA (IV), and GCAA (V). Of 53 unrelated Japanese individuals, 51 were heterozygous, and the most frequent allele was type IV 8-II 7 III 6 III 3 (16%). Forty-four alleles with distinct structures appeared once the samples tested. As 57 different alleles were detected in this study, this region is considered to be one of the locus that have a high degree of repetitive structural polymorphism and therefore useful in forensic science.</p>","PeriodicalId":19215,"journal":{"name":"Nihon hoigaku zasshi = The Japanese journal of legal medicine","volume":"53 2","pages":"227-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21397223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}