{"title":"Jane Addams and Public Administration","authors":"P. Shields","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"During the progressive era, two models of public administration emerged in the United States. One, crafted by male reformers, was a reaction to corruption and inefficiencies of crony political hiring practices. Their goal was to separate politics and administration and uncover a science of administration. The second model, developed by settlement women, had a social justice reform agenda. These women, who themselves could not vote, advocated for children, women, and immigrants as they sought municipal (e.g., cleaner cities, playgrounds, juvenile justice) and industrial (e.g., safer workplaces, child labor laws) reform. Jane Addams led the effort and through her social democracy, social ethics, and feminist pragmatism provided a sound theoretical underpinning to the undertaking. The settlement model failed to receive recognition in the male-dominated field of public administration. In the early 2000s, public administration scholars rediscovered the buried settlement model, which contained two themes—municipal housekeeping and industrial citizenship. Of the two, industrial citizenship is less well articulated. This chapter describes industrial citizenship and Jane Addams’s role in its development.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130299684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jane Addams and Mary Parker Follett’s Search for Cooperation","authors":"J. Soeters","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter compares essentials in Jane Addams’s and Mary Parker Follett’s thinking on cooperation and the resolution of conflicts. The analysis shows that both scholars had much in common, including many theoretical and practical ideas, even though the domains of their activities differed. Their attempts to come to grips with the resolution of conflicts and the creation of cooperation turn out to be remarkably convergent, implying that their analyses strengthen each other. Both stressed the importance of actions accompanied by reflection, of rejecting the idea that conflicts necessarily have a zero-sum (win/lose) character, of being critical of vast disparities in income and wealth, of the belief that punishment is not the way to deal with difficult and “nasty” people, of striving for new things (i.e., social, political, and business innovations), of democratic action at the “grassroots” (i.e., community or neighborhood) level, and, last but not least, of women being part of all political, social, and business processes. Interestingly, these ideas stemming from about a century ago are validated in today’s research on cooperation that is based on computer simulations, game theoretical tests, and field experiments across countries.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116405749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jane Addams and John Dewey","authors":"S. Ralston","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the points of intellectual consonance between Jane Addams and John Dewey are explored, specifically their (1) shared belief that philosophy is a method, (2) parallel commitments to philosophical pragmatism, and (3) similar convictions that philosophy should serve to address social problems. Also highlighted are points of divergence in their thinking, particularly their positions on the United States’s entry into World War I and, more generally, the value of social conflict. Finally, the chapter concludes with what the author believes is Addams’s and Dewey’s most significant joint contribution to the contemporary philosophical landscape: a vision of practically engaged pragmatism.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133174259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Was Jane Addams a Sociologist?","authors":"K. Villadsen","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"There is widespread agreement that despite the general scarcity of women among classical sociologists, Jane Addams was the first and probably most influential of early American sociologists. Apart from being a leading figure in the settlement movement, she carried out early sociological research in the Chicago slums and had close ties to contemporary pragmatist thinkers like William James, John Dewey, and George Hebert Mead. This chapter reconsiders the general designation of Addams as an “early sociologist.” It discusses which criteria are adequate to define someone as a sociologist and considers Addams’s activities and writings in light of such criteria. Significant in this assessment is Addams’s inspiration from the Christian tradition, evident in her invocation of Christian ethics as a regenerative force and her echoing of principles from social gospel theology. The chapter concludes that Addams’s work, both as a turn-of-the-century social critic and intellectual, was shaped as much by Christian values as by activities that would merit the term “sociologist.” Paying attention to how Addams articulated notions like “Christian renaissance,” “social salvation,” and “brotherly love” complicates assessments of her as a pioneer in pragmatist, empirical sociology. Addams’s blend of Christian ideas and early social science discourse is not unique but resonates with streams of reformist, sociological writing around the turn-of-the-20th-century North America and Europe. This chapter concludes that rather than constituting a stumbling block for the development of modern sociology, Christian inspirations can be an impetus for critical sociological practice in times of fragmentation and instrumentalization of sociological research.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124137085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jane Addams and the Noble Art of Peaceweaving","authors":"P. Shields, J. Soeters","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout her life Jane Addams was critical of military means to solve problems in cities, nations, and international affairs. She often claimed that political and administrative challenges are too often approached with blunt military force. Acting in a quite different manner, she worked to calm tensions and conflicts in her neighborhood and larger environments, never arguing for or using violent methods to deal with friction. She sought to weave peaceful relationships and justice throughout the community. Leaping to today’s world and making use of essential features of Addams’s approach to peaceful communities filled with people of all walks of life, this chapter develops criteria to judge and improve peacekeeping missions conducted by the UN. These criteria, for simplicity’s sake indicated as 4Ps (practical, participatory, pluralistic, and provisional), provide the basis to advance the effectiveness of such missions. In general, Jane Addams’s ideas can be connected to numerous challenges and dilemmas the world faces in 21st-century international relations.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123177913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Labor Unions as a Factor in a Caring Democracy","authors":"Maurice Hamington","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"Led by the work of Joan Tronto, there has arisen a growing body of literature in the feminist political theory of care. That literature gestures toward how to evolve current policies and practices into an attainable caring democracy that is responsive to the needs of its constituency. However, care political theory has largely overlooked a role for labor unions. Jane Addams wrote extensively about labor, beginning prior to her entrance into public life. Addams, who some consider a forerunner of modern care theorists, offers an ethical vision of social democracy that is not only caring but achieved in large part through the work of collective bargaining organizations. This chapter interrogates Addams’s relationship to labor unions, including both her advocacy and critique. The analysis pays particular attention to how Addams juxtaposes labor unions with her vision of democracy, as witnessed in her work on the 1894 Pullman Strike and elsewhere. Next, that vision is compared with Tronto’s notion of caring democracy, concluding with a few suggestions for further exploration on how labor organizing might play a more vital role in theorizing about a caring society.","PeriodicalId":191932,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122868910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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