Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of iot based automation system for salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivation in protected house under Sri Lankan conditions","authors":"S. N. A. Jayathilaka, K. Adikaram, H. Kumarasinghe","doi":"10.4038/TARE.V23I3-4.5500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V23I3-4.5500","url":null,"abstract":"Protected house cultivation is one of the best solutions to address food security and overcome the scarcity of land and other resources in the future. An automation system with the Internet of Things (IoT) will be the most effective way to maintain a protected house with minimum labours. This research was mainly focused to determine the effectiveness of IoT based automation system for protected house cultivation of salad cucumber in Sri Lanka and validation of temperature and relative humidity sensors used in this system. The study was carried out in two protected houses with the same crop management practices. An IoT-based automation system was designed to control temperature and relative humidity inside the protected house. Fertigation was done several times a day by an automation system for the automated protected house to control electrical conductivity in grow bags. Temperature, RH, EC, and light intensity were recorded by using sensors and standard methods in different periods. Temperature and RH values measured from sensors and standard methods were not significantly different during the experimental period. Therefore, used temperature and RH sensors were valid for this system. Temperature, RH, and EC values were significantly different in two protected houses and the automated protected house was maintaining those conditions near to the desired levels for salad cucumber. There was a 40% yield increment in the automated protected house than the conventional protected house. Based on the findings, IoT based automation system is effective to use with protected house cultivation of salad cucumber in the southern province of Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124804052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a product quality index for the value chain of the dairy industry: a case study in Monaragala District, Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Wickrama, A. Sandika, V. Jayamanne","doi":"10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5494","url":null,"abstract":"Value chain management is immensely important to the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the eventual provision of the highest quality product and service packages required by end customers. Dairy and dairy products are highly attached by microorganisms and products are damaged due to inappropriate methods of packing, storage and transportation. Insufficient information flow; low productivity, low GDP contribution from the dairy sector; poor processing capacity and lack of chilling centers are other major handicaps. Therefore, this study aimed: to assess the different quality maintenance practices for developing a Product Quality Index (PQI) for a dairy product and to make suggestions for improving quality through the quality index of the dairy value chain. Wellawaya Divisional Secretariat (DS) division was purposively selected out of 11 DS divisions of the district for the study since dairy production is the main occupation in that area. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 20 small scales, 10 medium scales, and 10 large scale farmers while the purposive sampling method was used to select, 10 collectors, 10 processors, 15 marketers and 15 consumers. Primary data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire through a field survey. The PQI was developed for this study which is varied from 1 to 100 values. The result showed that all the practices in the Wellawaya area were shown medium standard based upon the mean marks. Animal nutrition management (6.0) was the best practice and farmer level hygienic and quality practices (3.45) were the practices with lower marks in the area. PQI of locally produced different dairy products were compared with the most popular dairy brand available on the market. According to the newly developed PQI value for this study, locally produce curd and yoghurts marks were varied from 29.5% to 64.6% and the PQI of the most popular branded curd and yoghurt products was 77.8%. So, locally produced curd and yoghurt products which are produced at the Wellawaya belong to medium and low-quality levels whereas the quality of the branded dairy products was high. In conclusion, it can be sid that Hence we concluded that the quality standard of locally produced dairy products were low as compared to branded dairy products. Therefore, it’s important to train actors in the value chain to develop products with high-quality practices and suggests expanding the PQI value as an indicator for the quality of the dairy value chain.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124192621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of genetic variability parameters for Septoria tritici blotch resistance and quantitative traits in bread wheat genotypes","authors":"G. Gerema, D. Lule, F. Lemessa, T. Mekonnen","doi":"10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5495","url":null,"abstract":"Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat in Ethiopia and worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of yield and yield parameters among different bread wheat genotypes grown under the stress of Septoria tritici Blotch. A total of 180 bread wheat lines, advanced genotypes and released varieties were included in the investigation. Genetic variance, heritability, correlation and ANOVA were estimated for S.tritici, and yield and yield parameters. The genetic variance was relatively high for grain yield, percentage of disease severity (% severity) and Septoria progress coefficient (SPC). Heritability and genetic advance were relatively higher for grain yield, and moderate heritability and high genetic advance were computed for disease parameters such as coverage of pycnidia, Septoria progress coefficient and % severity. A negative correlation was found between plant height and pycnidia coverage on the four uppermost leaves (PCD), SPC and severity. Days to maturity and heading inversely correlated with disease resistance parameters. This indicated that the genotypes having short plant height and short maturity period could be resistant to Septoria tritici Blotch. The results help researchers to utilize the promising genotypes of this study in future breeding programmers for narrowing the yield gaps between the potential and actual in the areas where the Septoria tritici Blotch infection is a problem.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic classification of commonly used timber species for finger-joint mixed panels in Sri Lanka","authors":"C. Muthumala, K. K. I. U. Arunakumara, De Silva Sudhira, P. Alwis","doi":"10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V23I1-2.5496","url":null,"abstract":"Off-cut wood pieces are often dumped or used as fuel wood. A certain portion of timber has to be removed also due to inadequate length of sawn timber material. Finger joint, a method which connects two small pieces of timber is identified as a sound technique to minimize timber wastage. At the finger joint production process, different timber species are bonded together for making finger-jointed mixed panels. In this connection, the selection of the best possible combination of timber species is vital as the success largely depends on the mechanical and physical properties of the pieces. Workability, on the other hand, is another key factor which minimizes manufacturing defects. However, expansion of the finger joint industry is restricted due to the unavailability of a reliable timber classification system based on wood properties. Therefore, the present study focused on developing a classification system for selected 32 clear timber species based on physical, mechanical and anatomical properties of wood. Factor analysis was used in preparing the Total Wood Index (TWI) and timbers were grouped into four categories as low, medium, high and very high based on TWI. It is recommended for selecting suitable timber species from the TWI-based groups to ensure the best matching thereby the attractive aesthetic appearance in finger-joint manufacturing can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-harvest loss effects on income inequality along the orange supply chain in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Obayelu, D. Dairo, A. Ojo","doi":"10.4038/tare.v22i3-4.5486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v22i3-4.5486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115237825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the vibration assistance on the bark peeling tool to reduce the force required for cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) peeling","authors":"K. Bandara, B. Jinendra, N. Hettiarachchi, P. Alwis","doi":"10.4038/tare.v22i1-2.5483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v22i1-2.5483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133882046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological diversity of sixteen Sri Lankan traditional rice accessions evaluated under greenhouse conditions","authors":"R. H. G. B. Prabhashini, A. Ranawake, S. Senanayake","doi":"10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123156323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mating disruption of Cadra cautella in the presence of synthetic sex pheromone (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA)","authors":"A. Sammani, D. Dissanayaka, L. Wijayaratne, W. Egodawatta","doi":"10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5466","url":null,"abstract":"The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is difficult to control using insecticides. Female moth releases a sex pheromone identified as (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA). Information on population management of C. cautella using pheromone is limited. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pheromone dose, population size and air flow on mating status of C. cautella. The unmated male and female adults were introduced into a cubicle, allowed mating, recaptured, and the females dissected to determine the presence of spermatophores indicative of mating. The moths exposed to pheromone doses had lower mating than untreated control. Mating disruption (MD) was higher at ZETA 4.5 mg/45 mL than other doses. For each population size tested, moths exposed to synthetic pheromone had lower mating than their respective control. Insect population sizes 10 and 20 had higher MD with the natural air flow than 30 moths/3.375 m. In contrast, under forced air flow, MD was similar across all the population sizes tested. This study reveals that MD using ZETA is possible for controlling C. cautella. Future research should address its usage under warehouse conditions having different","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121305110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing and heavy-metal tolerant bacteria from agricultural fields in Matara District, Sri Lanka","authors":"B. Walpola, R. Hettiarachchi","doi":"10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133780407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinosad affects heat tolerance and heat acclimation of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults","authors":"K. M. T. N. Wijerathne, D. Dissanayaka, L. Wijayaratne","doi":"10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tare.v21i3-4.5465","url":null,"abstract":"Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are serious pests of stored food. Exposure to high or low temperatures is effective in controlling these two species but accompany limitations. Spinosad, derived from bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is an effective insecticide but synergistic effect on heator cold-acclimated insects has not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine if spinosad affects the mortality of T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults under temperature acclimated and unacclimated conditions. Adult insects were exposed to spinosad or water, acclimated at 35°C and 40°C, and finally held at 45°C for 0-30 h for T. castaneum and 0-12 h for S. oryzae. The mortality of adults at different durations was recorded and LT50 values were calculated. Exposure to spinosad before heat exposure reduced the heat tolerance of T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Acclimation at intermediate temperatures 35°C and 40°C increased the heat tolerance of both S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults. Further study is needed to determine the effect of spinosad on the heat tolerance and heat acclimation of other stored-product insect species.","PeriodicalId":191739,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121837730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}