Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)最新文献

{"title":"Early 3-day course of remdesivir in vaccinated outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A success story.","authors":"Periklis Panagopoulos,&nbsp;Vasilis Petrakis,&nbsp;Grigorios Trypsianis,&nbsp;Dimitrios Papazoglou","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2022.2099693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2022.2099693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of treatment options have been evaluated in order to prevent the severe progression of COVID-19 pneumonia eventually in patients with increased risk due to comorbidities. Remdesivir for a 3-day outpatient course has been associated with a significant lower risk of hospitalization or death. A matched-pair retrospective study was conducted in Department of Infectious Diseases of University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis in order to evaluate the role of remdesivir and vaccination in preventing severe clinical outcome. Nonhospitalized vaccinated patients with a 3-day course of remdesivir had a 75% lower possibility of hospitalization and 95% of respiratory failure. Nobody was intubated or died and the duration of hospital stay was limited (4 day s vs. 10 days). Vaccination and a 3-day course of remdesivir in high risk nonhospitalized patients prevented significantly severe clinical progress of COVID-19 pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"550-553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40507383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the vancomycin administration regimen by clinical pharmacists based on a population pharmacokinetics model: a prospective interventional study.","authors":"Haodi Lu,&nbsp;Lufen Duan,&nbsp;Yanxia Yu,&nbsp;Jingjing Li,&nbsp;Lu Shi,&nbsp;Sudong Xue,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Qin Zhou,&nbsp;Chenqi Zhu,&nbsp;Erning Shang,&nbsp;Xinxin Yan,&nbsp;Lian Tang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2022.2086305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2022.2086305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vancomycin treatment, the rates of correct blood sampling and initial trough concentrations within the target range are very low. Studies of interventions by clinical pharmacists based on population pharmacokinetics (PPK) models are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the intervention effect of clinical pharmacist-mediated optimization of the vancomycin administration regimen based on a PPK model. Retrospectively enrolled patients constituted the control group, and prospectively enrolled patients constituted the intervention group. The vancomycin administration regimen, trough concentration, pharmacokinetic parameters, and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. The control and intervention groups comprised 236 and 138 patients, respectively. Compared with those in the control group, the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and correct TDM sampling time rates in the intervention group were significantly higher (76.92% vs. 43.59%; 63.9% vs. 39.0%, both <i>p <</i> 0.001). The rates of an initial trough concentration within 10-20 mg/L and an adjusted regimen were also significantly higher in the intervention group (55.80% vs. 30.51%, 71.95% vs. 39.18%, both <i>p <</i> 0.001). The rate of an area under the curve (AUC) within 400-650 mg·h/L was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (52.7% vs. 36.6%, <i>p <</i> 0.001). The eradication rates of Gram-positive bacteria were 91.4% in the intervention group and 81.3% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Eight patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI) in the control group; however, no AKI occurred in the intervention group (<i>p</i> = 0.029). Intervention by clinical pharmacists can increase the rate of correct sampling time. Using the PPK model combined with Bayesian estimation, clinical pharmacists can greatly increase the trough concentration and AUCs within the target range, especially for adjusted regimens. Higher PK/PD target rates resulted in better Gram-positive bacterial eradication and reduced renal toxicity of vancomycin.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"446-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40573008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma: potential molecular targets and resistance mechanisms.","authors":"Mandeep Dahiya,&nbsp;Harish Dureja","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2021.1955202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1955202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most widespread typical therapy-resistant, unresectable type of malignant solid tumour with a high death rate constituting huge medical concern. Sorafenib is a small molecule oral multi-target kinase potent inhibitor that acts by suppressing/blocking the multiplication of the tumour cells, angiogenesis, and encouraging apoptosis of the tumour cells. Though, the precise mechanism of tumour cell death induction by sorafenib is yet under exploration. Furthermore, genetic heterogeneity plays a critical role in developing sorafenib resistance, which leads the way to identify the need for predictive biomarkers responsible for drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to find out the fundamental resistance mechanisms to expand therapeutic plans. The authors summarize the molecular concepts of resistance, progression, potential molecular targets, HCC management therapies, and discussion on the advancements expected in the coming future, inclusive of biomarker-driven treatment strategies, which may provide the prospects to design innovative therapeutically targeted strategies for the HCC treatment and the clinical implementation of emerging targeted agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"286-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1955202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric impetigo: an expert panel opinion about its main controversies.","authors":"Luisa Galli,&nbsp;Andrea Novelli,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ruggiero,&nbsp;Stefania Stefani,&nbsp;Anna Belloni Fortina","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2021.1961185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1961185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial impetigo is one of the most common skin infection in childhood. Uncertainty exists about its management. This article offers practical suggestions, given the existing evidence and experts' opinions, for correctly managing pediatric impetigo in both hospital and ambulatory settings. Italian physicians with an expertise on pediatric impetigo appointed a working group. A preliminary literature search using Pubmed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases has been performed. The most common controversial issues about pediatric impetigo have been identified and then discussed from multidisciplinary perspectives, according to the 'structured controversy' methodology, a technique discovered and designed to get engaged in a controversy and then guide participants to seek consensus. The expert panels identified 10 main controversies about pediatric impetigo. All of them have been discussed from dermatological, pediatric, pharmacological and microbiological points of view reaching consensus. Each controversy has been revised thus giving practical issues for an easy use in clinical practice. Based on clinical experts' opinion, local epidemiology and literature review this article offers practical suggestions for the management of pediatric impetigo trying to reduce uncertainty in this setting of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39334004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral step-down therapy in patients with uncomplicated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> primary bacteremia and catheter-related bloodstream infections.","authors":"Seok Jun Mun,&nbsp;Si-Ho Kim,&nbsp;Kyungmin Huh,&nbsp;Sun Young Cho,&nbsp;Cheol-In Kang,&nbsp;Doo Ryeon Chung,&nbsp;Kyong Ran Peck","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2022.2031469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2022.2031469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with uncomplicated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> primary bacteremia and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) should be treated for at least 14 days. However, evidence for oral step-down therapy is lacking in these patients. A retrospective cohort was identified from 2013 to 2018 in a 1,950-bed tertiary hospital. An oral antimicrobial therapy (OAT) group was defined as patients treated with oral antibiotics following less than 10 days of intravenous antimicrobial therapy (IAT). Treatment failure was defined as any case of recurrence or death within 90 days. A total of 103 patients were included in the analysis, including 32 patients treated with OAT. Rates of treatment failure were 3.2% and 12.7% in the OAT and IAT groups (<i>P</i> = 0.113). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the OAT group. OAT was not an independent risk factor for treatment failure. OAT may reduce the duration of hospitalization without adverse effects in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"319-325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39875864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of antibiotic susceptibility reporting on broad spectrum antibiotic use in serratia and morganella bacteremia.","authors":"Wendy Hui Wen Ng,&nbsp;Ka Lip Chew,&nbsp;Joy Hui Yan Yong,&nbsp;Janice Xuanhui Li","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2022.2044238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2022.2044238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To minimize broad-spectrum antibiotic use, our microbiology laboratory changed antibiotic susceptibility reporting for AmpC-beta-lactamase producing <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and <i>Morganella morganii</i> in blood cultures to include results of narrow spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins. We assessed the impact of this change on broad-spectrum antibiotic use and clinical outcomes. All adult patients with <i>Serratia marcescens</i> or <i>Morganella morganii</i> in blood culture 2 years pre- and post-change of susceptibility reporting were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion: more than one pathogen isolated in their blood culture, did not receive antibiotics or died within 48 hours of positive blood culture. Outcomes: Rates of broad-spectrum antibiotic use, in-hospital mortality, clinical response and microbiologic success. There were 30 patients pre-change and 46 patients post-change of reporting. Cefepime use (broad-spectrum) decreased from 46.7% to 6.5% (p < 0.001) and 3^rd generation cephalosporin (narrow-spectrum) use increased (3.3% vs 34.8%, p = 0.0013) in the post-change cohort. This demonstrates the potential role of selective susceptibility reporting in antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"311-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39944132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>MTHFR</i> polymorphism as a predictive biomarker for gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity in North Indian adenocarcinoma patients.","authors":"Harleen Kaur Walia,&nbsp;Navneet Singh,&nbsp;Siddharth Sharma","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2021.1997008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1997008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and overall survival, toxicity and treatment response for North Indian adenocarcinoma patients. The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene in north Indian adenocarcinoma patients were assessed by PCR-RFLP. Our data observed that patients with mutant genotype (C/C) for 1298 A>C) polymorphism showed higher trend of median survival time compared to patients bearing the wild type genotype (A/A) (MST= 13.93 vs. 7.97, p=0.12). Further, we observed patients with the heterozygous genotype for A1298C polymorphism had 12-fold risk of diarrhea (AOR =12.54, 95% CI = 1.54-101.86, p=0.018). The patients with heterozygous genotype (CT) of the C677T polymorphism had 5.34-fold increased risk of developing neutropenia (AOR=5.34, 95% CI=1.49-19.06, p=0.009). Our results suggest that MTHFR polymorphisms are associated with hematological toxicity. MTHFR polymorphism might impact the development of pemetrexed and platinum-related toxicities but not as a clinical predictor of efficiency.","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"326-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39690824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy increases carotid intima-media thickness and plaque score with von Willebrand factor activity elevation in patients with malignant lymphoma.","authors":"Naomi Shimizu,&nbsp;Daiji Ngayama,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Watanabe,&nbsp;Takashi Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Shoko Nakamura,&nbsp;Masahiro Ohira,&nbsp;Atsuhito Saiki,&nbsp;Hiroki Onda,&nbsp;Shuhei Yamaoka,&nbsp;Kazuki Abe,&nbsp;Chiaki Nakaseko,&nbsp;Ichiro Tatsuno","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2021.1988202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1988202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increased risk for atherosclerosis has been noted in cancer survivors; however, studies that focus on the risk of atherosclerosis in patients treated with chemotherapy are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated 32 patients who received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy for B-cell malignant lymphoma by analysing the changes in atherosclerosis. Just before each treatment course, plasma levels of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) activity were evaluated, and carotid ultrasonography was performed at baseline and after the final treatment. Throughout the follow-up period, plasma vWF levels showed significantly transient increased by approximately 20%-40%. Both mean carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score (PS) significantly increased during the 36.6 ± 26.0 weeks of observation (mean IMT: 0.724 ± 0.118 to 0.767 ± 0.129 mm; PS: 4.31 ± 3.53 to 4.87 ± 3.88, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Our study suggests that R-CHOP therapy promotes atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39530353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium-oxidative stress signaling axis and casein kinase 1α mediate eryptosis and hemolysis elicited by novel p53 agonist inauhzin.","authors":"Mohammad A Alfhili,&nbsp;Essa Alsalmi,&nbsp;Abdullah Aljedai,&nbsp;Jawaher Alsughayyir,&nbsp;Manal Abudawood,&nbsp;Ahmed M Basudan","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2021.1963616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2021.1963616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inauhzin (INZ) is a novel p53 agonist with antitumor activity. Anemia is a common side effect of chemotherapy and may arise from red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis or eryptosis. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of INZ toxicity in human RBCs. RBCs were isolated from healthy donors and treated with antitumor concentrations of INZ (5-500 μM) for 24 h at 37 °C. Hemoglobin was photometrically measured, and cells were stained with Annexin-V-FITC for phosphatidylserine (PS), Fluo4/AM for calcium, and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA) for oxidative stress. INZ caused significant dose-responsive, calcium-dependent hemolysis starting at 40 μM. Furthermore, INZ significantly increased Annexin-positive cells and Fluo4 and DCF fluorescence. The cytotoxicity of INZ was also significantly mitigated in presence of D4476. INZ possesses hemolytic and eryptotic potential characterized by cell membrane scrambling, intracellular calcium overload, cell shrinkage, and oxidative stress secondary to calcium influx from the extracellular space.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39326009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in clinical <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt.","authors":"Marwa Mohamed Ezzat Abd-Elmonsef,&nbsp;Sara Youssef Maxwell","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2022.2031468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2022.2031468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> has become a significant health threat, as it has developed resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs. In this study, we aimed to identify class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates for the first time in Egypt, and detect their relationship with antibiotic resistance. A total of 192 clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates were gathered from Tanta University Hospitals. One hundred and thirteen isolates (58.9%) were multidrug- resistant, and 38 isolates (19.8%) were resistant to all drugs tested. Class 1 integrons were detected in 87 isolates (45.3%), while class 2 and 3 integrons were not detected. This is the first report of a profile of integrons in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> from Egypt. The detection of only class 1 integrons in our isolates suggests that other genetic elements may be responsible for the distribution of antibiotic resistance in our setting. Aztreonam and colistin were the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections with <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":191589,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)","volume":" ","pages":"241-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39738078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}