Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services最新文献

{"title":"OverLay: Practical Mobile Augmented Reality","authors":"Puneet Jain, Justin Manweiler, Romit Roy Choudhury","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2742666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2742666","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of augmented reality - the ability to look at a physical object through a camera and view annotations about the object - is certainly not new. Yet, this apparently feasible vision has not yet materialized into a precise, fast, and comprehensively usable system. This paper asks: What does it take to enable augmented reality (AR) on smartphones today? To build a ready-to-use mobile AR system, we adopt a top-down approach cutting across smartphone sensing, computer vision, cloud offloading, and linear optimization. Our core contribution is in a novel location-free geometric representation of the environment - from smartphone sensors - and using this geometry to prune down the visual search space. Metrics of success include both accuracy and latency of object identification, coupled with the ease of use and scalability in uncontrolled environments. Our converged system, OverLay, is currently deployed in the engineering building and open for use to regular public; ongoing work is focussed on campus-wide deployment to serve as a \"historical tour guide\" of UIUC. Performance results and user responses thus far have been promising, to say the least.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115759393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Radio: Illuminating the Higher Layers of Mobile Networks","authors":"N. Vallina-Rodriguez, S. Sundaresan, C. Kreibich, N. Weaver, V. Paxson","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2742675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2742675","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular network performance is often viewed as primarily dominated by the radio technology. However, reality proves more complex: mobile operators deploy and configure their networks in different ways, and sometimes establish network sharing agreements with other mobile carriers. Moreover, regulators have encouraged newer operational models such as Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) to promote competition. In this paper we draw upon data collected by the ICSI Netalyzr app for Android to characterize how operational decisions, such as network configurations, business models, and relationships between operators introduce diversity in service quality and affect user security and privacy. We delve in detail beyond the radio link and into network configuration and business relationships in six countries. We identify the widespread use of transparent middleboxes such as HTTP and DNS proxies, analyzing how they actively modify user traffic, compromise user privacy, and potentially undermine user security. In addition, we identify network sharing agreements between operators, highlighting the implications of roaming and characterizing the properties of MVNOs, including that a majority are simply rebranded versions of major operators. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of considering higher-layer relationships when seeking to analyze mobile traffic in a sound fashion.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121372437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outatime: Using Speculation to Enable Low-Latency Continuous Interaction for Mobile Cloud Gaming","authors":"Kyungmin Lee, David Chu, Eduardo Cuervo, J. Kopf, Yu.G. Degtyarev, Sergey Grizan, A. Wolman, J. Flinn","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2742656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2742656","url":null,"abstract":"Gaming on phones, tablets and laptops is very popular. Cloud gaming - where remote servers perform game execution and rendering on behalf of thin clients that simply send input and display output frames - promises any device the ability to play any game any time. Unfortunately, the reality is that wide-area network latencies are often prohibitive; cellular, Wi-Fi and even wired residential end host round trip times (RTTs) can exceed 100ms, a threshold above which many gamers tend to deem responsiveness unacceptable. In this paper, we present Outatime, a speculative execution system for mobile cloud gaming that is able to mask up to 120ms of network latency. Outatime renders speculative frames of future possible outcomes, delivering them to the client one entire RTT ahead of time, and recovers quickly from mis-speculations when they occur. Clients perceive little latency. To achieve this, Outatime combines: 1) future state prediction; 2) state approximation with image-based rendering and event time-shifting; 3) fast state checkpoint and rollback; and 4) state compression for bandwidth savings. To evaluate the Outatime speculation system, we use two high quality, commercially-released games: a twitch-based first person shooter, Doom 3, and an action role playing game, Fable 3. Through user studies and performance bench- marks, we find that players strongly prefer Outatime to traditional thin-client gaming where the network RTT is fully visible, and that Outatime successfully mimics playing across a low-latency network.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115091034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starfish: Efficient Concurrency Support for Computer Vision Applications","authors":"R. Likamwa, Lin Zhong","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2742663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2742663","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging wearable devices promise a multitude of computer vision-based applications that serve users without active engagement. However, vision algorithms are known to be resource-hungry; and modern mobile systems do not support concurrent application use of the camera. Toward supporting efficient concurrency of vision applications, we report Starfish, a split-process execution system that supports concurrent vision applications by allowing them to share computation and memory objects in a secure and efficient manner. Starfish splits the vision library from an application into a separate process, called the Core, which centrally serves all vision applications. The Core shares library call results among applications, eliminating redundant computation and memory use. Starfish supports unmodified applications and unmodified libraries without needing their source code, and guarantees correctness to the applications. In doing so, Starfish improves both the performance and energy efficiency of concurrent vision applications. Using a prototype implementation on Google Glass, we experimentally demonstrate that Starfish reduces the time spent processing repeated vision library calls by 71% - 97%. When running two to ten concurrent face recognition applications at 0.3 frames per second, Starfish reduces CPU utilization by more than 42% - 80%. Notably, this keeps CPU utilization below 13%, even as the number of applications increases. This reduces system power consumption by 19% - 58%, as Starfish maintains a power consumption at approximately 1210 mW while running the concurrent application workloads.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZOE: A Cloud-less Dialog-enabled Continuous Sensing Wearable Exploiting Heterogeneous Computation","authors":"N. Lane, Petko Georgiev, C. Mascolo, Ying Gao","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2742672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2742672","url":null,"abstract":"The wearable revolution, as a mass-market phenomenon, has finally arrived. As a result, the question of how wearables should evolve over the next 5 to 10 years is assuming an increasing level of societal and commercial importance. A range of open design and system questions are emerging, for instance: How can wearables shift from being largely health and fitness focused to tracking a wider range of life events? What will become the dominant methods through which users interact with wearables and consume the data collected? Are wearables destined to be cloud and/or smartphone dependent for their operation? Towards building the critical mass of understanding and experience necessary to tackle such questions, we have designed and implemented ZOE - a match-box sized (49g) collar- or lapel-worn sensor that pushes the boundary of wearables in an important set of new directions. First, ZOE aims to perform multiple deep sensor inferences that span key aspects of everyday life (viz. personal, social and place information) on continuously sensed data; while also offering this data not only within conventional analytics but also through a speech dialog system that is able to answer impromptu casual questions from users. (Am I more stressed this week than normal?) Crucially, and unlike other rich-sensing or dialog supporting wearables, ZOE achieves this without cloud or smartphone support - this has important side-effects for privacy since all user information can remain on the device. Second, ZOE incorporates the latest innovations in system-on-a-chip technology together with a custom daughter-board to realize a three-tier low-power processor hierarchy. We pair this hardware design with software techniques that manage system latency while still allowing ZOE to remain energy efficient (with a typical lifespan of 30 hours), despite its high sensing workload, small form-factor, and need to remain responsive to user dialog requests.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"101 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120956363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demo: Irides: Attaining Quality, Responsiveness and Mobility for Virtual Reality Head-mounted Displays","authors":"Yu.G. Degtyarev, Eduardo Cuervo, David Chu","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2745923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2745923","url":null,"abstract":"Immersive virtual reality has long been an aspiration of many. Recent advances in wearable high resolution headmounted displays (HMDs) — as embodied by Facebook’s Oculus Rift, Sony’s Morpheus, Samsung’s Gear VR, Google’s Cardboard and others — have stoked the imaginations of a new generation of VR users. For a truly immersive VR experience, three properties are essential: quality, responsiveness and mobility. By quality, we mean that realistic and life-like visual portrayals in a virtual environment heighten our sense of immersion. By responsiveness, we mean that any motion, especially of the head, must be reflected as quickly as possible in visual feedback because ocular proprioception is tightly synchronized. By mobility, we mean that we ought to be able to move untethered in physical space, free to explore our virtual world. However, HMDs face a fundamental challenge in seeking to simultaneously provide quality, responsiveness and mobility; choosing any two rules out the third. In this work, we present Irides, a stereo HMD system that simultaneously attains quality, responsiveness and mobility. Irides achieves this by offloading rendering work to a (possibly WAN) high-end GPU. The HMD client is mobile and only requires a wireless network connection, yet receives high quality and responsive visuals. Irides leverages prior work to overcome WAN latencies [2]. It employs speculative execution on the server, and compensates for misspeculation on the client. However, a straightforward application of speculative execution for stereo HMDs is prohibitive because of the 2× increase in server, client and network bandwidth costs. Therefore, we introduce two techniques to reduce these costs as shown in Figure 1. The first technique, interleaved stereo, generates a stereo video stream with only a mono video stream’s worth of work. Interleaved stereo uses image-based rendering (IBR), a way to warp a 2D image with depth information to a novel view. Synthesizing a stereo video from a mono source can introduce severe artifacts. We introduce novel “hole-filling” mechanisms that eliminate artifacts.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114068552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demo:: NOMAD: An Edge Cloud Platform for Hyper-Responsive Mobile Apps","authors":"Andreas Pamboris, M. Baguena, A. Wolf, P. Manzoni, P. Pietzuch","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2745928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2745928","url":null,"abstract":"Fast access to backend services is crucial for many mobile apps. For example, emerging augmented-reality devices such as Google Glass require fast access to powerful servers to achieve seamless interactivity with the real world; and online gaming clients need to communicate in real-time through centralised game services. A major obstacle to achieving this hyper responsiveness is the performance of the underlying network that interconnects mobile clients and services. Network e↵ects cannot be anticipated, let alone controlled, due to the unpredictability of wide-area networks and the fact that users roam between di↵erent networks. Over time, organisations have gone to great lengths to reduce access latency to backend services by moving them “closer” to end users. In 2010, Google spent $1.9 billion on a data centre in New York, despite real estate prices being amongst the highest in the world, to gain direct access to local and global networks [5]. Similarly, cloud service providers such as Amazon AWS have rolled out new infrastructure in edge locations. Proactive measures against high network latencies, however, are limited by the fact that network proximity in a mobile setting is unknown a priori. To enable hyper-responsive mobile apps, Balan et al. [1] first proposed cyber-foraging, i.e. the use of remote resources to augment smartphone capabilities. This led to proposals such as Cloudlets [7], which treat smartphones as thin clients served by virtual device clones, and systems such as MAUI [4] and CloneCloud [2], which apply a more finegrained app partitioning to reduce response times. In general, the above approaches can only improve application responsiveness to the extent that computation delays dominate performance. It remains a challenge to control the impact of high network latencies, especially when users roam between wireless networks of di↵erent operators.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124361945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster: Detecting if a Smartphone is Indoors or Outdoors with Ultrasounds","authors":"I. Bisio, Alessandro Delfino, F. Lavagetto","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2745907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2745907","url":null,"abstract":"Context information is fundamental for mobile application. A system able to detect if a smartphone is indoors or outdoors can give useful information to upper-level applications, permitting to improve their performance or reduce the computational load and consequently the lifetime of the smartphone battery. For example, GPS provides an accurate location reference in the outdoor environment while it performs poorly inside buildings. The proposed Indoor/Outdoor (IO) detector can provide a useful essential information to a localization application that can check whether the user is outdoors before turning on the GPS interface and decide not to turn it on and use other localization methods if the user is detected indoors. In mobile data services, mobile phones normally observe more WiFi access points (APs) with strong signals inside buildings, whereas it is unlikely to have good WiFi connections in outdoor environments. Therefore, knowing whether the smartphone is indoors or outdoors can help to make smarter decisions regarding whether to perform or not AP scans. Although it is clear that various applications may benefit from accurate and prompt indoor/outdoor information, the research work on indoor/outdoor detection of mobile devices is still lacking. There are mainly two techniques to perform such detection. One is to use GPS and its signal quality as a cue to infer if the user is indoor. This technique is proven to be highly power consuming. Another technique is to leverage the sensors which the smartphone is equipped with. IO detection can be done by exploiting lightweight sensors such as the light sensor, the radio interface and the magnetism sensor [1]. The proposed IO detector is an active system. The phone periodically emits an ultrasonic ping using its in-built speakers and continuously listens for the echoes through its microphone. It is impossible to identify the direction of the echoes being the microphone (as well as the phone speakers) non-directional. The idea is that indoors the number and the intensity of the echoes should be higher than outdoors due to the higher number of obstacles. Translating such an idea into a practical Indoor/Outdoor detector means finding those features that model such behaviour. The proposed","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demo: Breathing-Based Text Input for Mobile Phones","authors":"Jackson Feijó Filho, T. Valle, Wilson Prata","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2745917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2745917","url":null,"abstract":"Jackson Feijó Filho Nokia Technology Institute Av. Torquato Tapajós, 7200 Col. Terra Nova. Manaus-AM Brasil 69093-415 +55 92 8134 0134 jackson.feijo@indt.org.br Thiago Valle Nokia Technology Institute Av. Torquato Tapajós, 7200 Col. Terra Nova. Manaus-AM Brasil 69093-415 +55 92 8109 0999 thiago.valle@indt.org.br Wilson Prata PUC RJ Av. Torquato Tapajós, 7200 Col. Terra Nova. Manaus-AM Brasil 69093-415 +55 92 8805 1071 wilson.prata@indt.org.br","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134565556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster: TVisor - A Practical and Lightweight Mobile Red-Green Dual-OS Architecture","authors":"Wenhao Li, Liang Liang, Mingyang Ma, Yubin Xia, Haibo Chen","doi":"10.1145/2742647.2745915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2742647.2745915","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile and embedded system software designer are often torn between choosing security and functionality. In particular, the security of out-of-band execution environment is sensitive to rich functionality. ARM TrustZone has been used to develop a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), which runs in parallel with rich functionality commodity OS and provides an isolated and tamper-resistant execution context for trusted applications. ARM TrustZone splits access of the processor, memory and peripherals into two different worlds, namely normal world and secure world. The secure world is more privileged and the recommended context to implement TEE. However, despite the security of TrustZone TEE, the functionality is very limited. Hardware virtualization could balance the tradeoff between security and functionality by creating two VMes atop of the hardware. However, most of embedded and mobile devices lack hardware virtualization support, which makes it hard to deploy. Red-green dual-OS design, which provides a highly-protected and constrained trusted environment (\"green\" OS) to perform secure sensitive tasks and a general purpose environment (\"red\" OS) for all other tasks and applications, is an attractive design to achieve both security and functionality. Red-green dual-OS architecture uses resources partition instead of virtualization to achieve its goal and has been deployed in many mobile devices by running the red OS in normal world and the green OS in secure world of ARM TrustZone. However, even red-green dual-OS provides an isolated environment and rich functionality, the two OSes are not created equally: a compromise of the green OS would also result in the compromise of the red OS since secure world is more privileged. We show that how TVisor, a lightweight dual-OS architecture that creates two born-equal OS and each of them could still use the secure services of TEE in secure world, balances security and functionality for mobile devices. TVisor could be deployed to many low-cost embedded and mobile devices which are equipped with ARM TrustZone but without hardware virtualization support.","PeriodicalId":191203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124011337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}