{"title":"On the equilibrium probabilities of deterministic flow lines with random arrivals","authors":"Woo-sung Kim, J. R. Morrison","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654007","url":null,"abstract":"Flow lines serve as fundamental models for many manufacturing systems. However, while they have been studied for decades, for flow lines with randomness, exact performance measures are only available when there are three servers or less. In this paper, we study the steady state behavior of flow lines with deterministic service and a renewal arrival process. Using a recursion based on an exact channel decomposition of the system, we demonstrate that the delays in each server possess the Markovian property. Restricting our scope to discrete-time flow lines under a renewal arrival process, we can exploit this property to obtain a multidimensional discrete-time time-homogeneous Markov chain for the server delays. For this Markov chain, it is possible to obtain a finite collection of balance equations that can be solved numerically for the equilibrium probabilities. As an example, we demonstrate how to derive the equilibrium probabilities for single channel flow lines with geometric interarrival times. To our knowledge, these are the first exact results that can be applied to flow lines consisting of more than three servers.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131211531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stackelberg game formulation of prize competition design for seeking shortest path solutions","authors":"Ting-Yu Ho, Shi-Chung Chang","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654073","url":null,"abstract":"Prize competitions have been an open approach of soliciting expertise and creativity from the public to increase business success or solve problems. In spite of many successes, there are yet needs for an effective design methodology. To investigate methodology development, we consider a problem of shortest path solution seeking consisting of one path solution seeker (PSS) and multiple providers (PSPs). PSS has a coarse overall grasp of a transportation network and each PSP knows part of the network in detail and has a good path finding capacity. To find short path between two cities, the PSS divides the network into several sections and holds prize competitions in all sections to solicit shortest path solutions among specified pairs of cities. PSS further connects procured solutions into one desired shortest path. Moreover, to protect PSPs' intellectual rights, they first submit the distance of path only. Then the PSP with shortest path submission in each section turns over the route of path and is awarded the prize. In this paper, we formulate the optimal prize setting problem for PSS considering competitive submission strategies of PSPs. We model the hierarchical behaviors between PSS and PSPs as a Stackelberg game. Stackelberg equilibrium can be further investigated based on the model and serve the purpose of prize competition design for applications to collective innovation seeking.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sang Choi, George Zhang, T. Fuhlbrigge, T. Watson, Richard Tallian
{"title":"Applications and requirements of industrial robots in meat processing","authors":"Sang Choi, George Zhang, T. Fuhlbrigge, T. Watson, Richard Tallian","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653967","url":null,"abstract":"Many tasks in the meat processing industry involve repetitive and physically demanding work. Therefore, the workers are highly susceptible to repetitive-strain injuries to their hands, wrists, elbows, and back. Additionally, quality control and hygiene requirements are vital to this industry. For these reasons, industrial robots have been considered for automating processes such as animal slaughtering, meat cutting and meat selecting. This paper presents an assessment of the requirements for industrial robots in meat processing. Results from a conducted study are disclosed for the existing and potential robotic applications. The meat processes in detail, requirements, challenges and barriers of robotic automation are described, robotic research activities are introduced, existing robotic applications are analyzed and studied and potential applications are proposed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115702152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method for generating tool paths for milling pockets in prismatic parts using multiple tools","authors":"J. C. E. Ferreira, R. Lopez","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653959","url":null,"abstract":"A significant amount of mechanical parts is manufactured by milling, and the process of 2.5D rough milling is responsible for removing most of the material, while the finishing stage can be performed in machines with up to 5 axes. 2.5D milling is defined as the process composed of a series of 2D paths on the XY plane at different Z levels. A high material removal helps to reduce manufacturing time, which is very important for a company to compete in today's market, where it is necessary that the manufacturing processes become faster and more flexible. The generation of tool paths for 2.5D milling is a topic of great importance in the manufacture of parts, because a large amount of mechanical parts have surfaces parallel or normal to a single plan. This work seeks to contribute to reducing the machining time by generating paths for multiple tools where a tool with a larger diameter removes as much material as possible in a short time, and subsequently smaller diameter milling tools are used to remove the remaining material. The implemented method is based on the use of Boolean operations to determine the areas to be machined. Different pockets were machined using the paths generated by the proposed method, and up to three different cutter diameters were considered. The paths generated were compared with the paths generated by a commercial software, and the following factors were considered: machining time, tool flank wear, and surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"49 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120891175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ReFrESH: A self-adaptive architecture for autonomous embedded systems","authors":"Yanzhe Cui, R. Voyles, M. Mahoor","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an architecture for automating the reconfiguration of system deal with unforeseen situations, named ReFrESH, for distributed autonomous embedded systems which 1) supports both hardware and software reconfiguration based on task-related functional requirements without disturbing system at runtime; 2) provides a type of Embedded Virtual Machine to facilitate components distribution across node boundaries; 3) generates optimal configurations dynamically based on non-functional requirements. The feasibility of ReFrESH and its management algorithms are evaluated for “visual servoing” of three miniature robot scenario. Moreover, one self-adaptive application is implemented to show the realistic performance of ReFrESH. The results demonstrate that ReFrESH can enable the system to handle various situations dynamically and decrease the complexity of self-adaptation.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chetan Yadati, D. Kaur, N. Balakrishnan, A. Sarkar, Y. Narahari
{"title":"Incentive compatible mechanisms for power cut allocation in smart grids","authors":"Chetan Yadati, D. Kaur, N. Balakrishnan, A. Sarkar, Y. Narahari","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6654021","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid technology envisages the use of strategic consumers. With demand for power outstripping supply in most countries, this motivates the need for an incentive compatible and efficient mechanism to allocate inevitable power cuts across consumers. In this paper, we propose (i) a reverse auction mechanism and (ii) a forward auction mechanism that both are designed to allocate the power cuts. These auctions are based on redistribution mechanisms and satisfy dominant strategy incentive compatibility and allocative efficiency. The mechanisms are weakly budget balanced and since they are based on redistribution mechanisms, they lead to reduced budget imbalance. We demonstrate the efficacy of these mechanisms for a typical scenario in Indian power grid operations and subsequently explore the relative performance of the mechanisms in a detailed simulation setting.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116516508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A two-stage approach for VMAT treatment plan optimization","authors":"Bofei Sun, Jie Song, G. Zhu, Leyuan Shi","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653940","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the optimization problem for the radiation treatment planning of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Considering dose rate and MLC leafs as decision variables, we formulate the problem as nonlinear integer programming problem, which is very difficult to solve. A two-stage approach is proposed to tackle it, where in the first stage integer decision variables for MLC leafs are relaxed so as to decompose the nonlinear optimization problem using generalized Bender's decomposition, and in the second stage an 0-1 mixed integer programming problem is solved by nested-partitions method for MLC leafs positions. Throughout this approach a number of linear programming (LP) problems are solved, hence a high quality feasible treatment plan can be efficiently obtained.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123770525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploiting robustness in Petri net-based closed-loop systems to accommodate control specification changes","authors":"Jun Li, Mengchu Zhou, X. Dai","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653990","url":null,"abstract":"Supervisory control reconfiguration has been paid more attention due to its capacity of handling the uncertainties including resource failures, capability degradation, and task changes in discrete event systems. However, the robustness of closed-loop systems in response to some specification changes was not addressed in the prior studies. This paper presents a reconfiguration method based on Petri nets and integer programming for supervisory control of resource allocation systems with changeable resource allocation relationships (control specifications). First, we propose a reconfiguration mechanism. It updates the P-invariant-based supervisor and evolves the state of the closed-loop system. The latter adapts to the certain changes in specifications by the self-regulation of the closed-loop system's state. It utilizes fully the robustness in a closed-loop system and avoids unnecessary modification of a supervisor. Then, a reconfiguration model with robustness analysis is proposed based on integer programming. By using it, a firing sequence of transitions as a serial of reconfiguration actions can be found. The execution of the sequence implements the state evolution of a closed-loop system. There is no need for making additional efforts to analyze state reachability of the system, since the firability condition of transitions is incorporated into the model. Finally, the method is illustrated through an example of a hospital emergency service system.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121125700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and fabrication of an assistive device for arm rehabilitation using twisted string system","authors":"R. Shisheie, Lei Jiang, L. Banta, M. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653983","url":null,"abstract":"In this research the twisting cable mechanism was employed to design and develop a light elbow assistive robot. A particular type of fishing line was experimentally tested for use as the strand material, and the behavior was compared to the proposed model. A correction parameter called effective diameter was derived to adapt the model to the experimental data. To ensure the consistency of the model, hysteresis of two-strand cables was tested. A curve was fitted to the experimental data and the most linear range was selected to be used in the mechanism. Moreover, a single degree of freedom elbow mechanism for flexion and extension was designed and constructed. Ultimately, to ensure the applicability of the mechanism, an ordinary Activity of Daily Living (ADL) was used and the angle of the twisted strand actuator motor as a function of the motor rotation was computed.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121524359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfiguring a modular robot into a humanoid formation: A multi-body dynamic perspective on motion scheduling for modules and their assemblies","authors":"P. Moubarak, E. Alvarez, P. Ben-Tzvi","doi":"10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CoASE.2013.6653891","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the scheduling architecture that enables an assembly of mobile modules to reconfigure into a humanoid formation with a manipulator arm. The investigated problem arises from the articulated nature of the formation which involves multiple degrees of freedom, thus requiring a control approach that synchronizes the actuators' motion during shape metamorphosis. Using the principles of motion kinematics and caterpillar tracks modeling, we present a coherent solution which we further validate on a sample three-module formation of STORM (Self-configurable and Transformable Omni-directional Robotic Modules). Simulation results on MSC ADAMS CAR validate the feasibility of the synchronization architecture, and offer further insight into the dynamic dependencies of coupled motions.","PeriodicalId":191166,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125948234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}