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Two Cheers for Higher Education最新文献

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1. The Universities Expansion Made 1. 大学的扩张
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691184890-001
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引用次数: 0
5. Multiplying Status Locations 5. 增加状态位置
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691184890-005
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引用次数: 0
6. The Priorities of Patrons 6. 顾客的优先权
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691184890-006
S. Brint
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引用次数: 0
An Accumulation of Administration 行政积累
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0007
Steven Brint
{"title":"An Accumulation of Administration","authors":"Steven Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes how, as colleges and universities expanded and became more important features of the American institutional landscape, those who occupied senior managerial positions separated themselves more completely from the faculty. They developed features of a professionalized occupation—including separate training programs and formal knowledge bases—albeit one that remained influenced by traditions of shared governance. This separation led to many complaints by faculty members about the rise of a soulless corporate model of university administration. Professionalized management did not weaken the steering capacity of universities—quite the opposite. Yet bottom-line considerations did often intrude in ways that were counterproductive to the educational mission of the institutions.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Universities Expansion Made 大学的扩张
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0001
S. Brint
{"title":"The Universities Expansion Made","authors":"S. Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that the traditional structures and purposes of colleges and universities are intended to produce two outcomes: the expansion of knowledge, principally in the disciplines but also at their interstices, and the development of students' cognitive capacities and subject matter knowledge. The chapter shows that these objectives gave rise to two movements. One was the movement to use university research to advance economic development through the invention of new technologies with commercial potential. The other was to use colleges and universities as instruments of social inclusion, providing opportunities to members of previously marginalized groups, including women, racial—ethnic minorities, and members of the LGBTQ community. They were driven both by external parties and the great philanthropic foundations, and by campus constituencies who benefited from their advance.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128974756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiplying Status Locations 增加状态位置
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0005
S. Brint
{"title":"Multiplying Status Locations","authors":"S. Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how, in the college-for-all era, colleges and universities simultaneously maintained and expanded high-status tracks and locations. In most cases the mechanisms that colleges used to encourage high-achieving and motivated students reinforced rather than redistributed family-related social advantages. These mechanisms ranged from increased levels of selectivity in the country's elite colleges and the maintenance of rigorous standards in quantitative majors to the addition of new honors and leadership programs. By multiplying status locations on campus, colleges and universities maintained and invented new hierarchies of privilege even as they accommodated intensifying demands for democratization and equity. Diversity was desirable so long as it did not harm white upper-middle-class students' own opportunities.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123515800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Academic Professions and American Society 学术专业和美国社会
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0002
Steven Brint
{"title":"The Academic Professions and American Society","authors":"Steven Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a portrait of the dominant system for organizing and pursuing knowledge and the contributions of that system to American life. It aims to convey some of the hidden strengths of the current system while revealing several of the vulnerabilities that have made it a target for those who would like to use it for more exclusively utilitarian purposes. While it is true that much academic research is intended for other academics, it is easy to miss the many unheralded ways that academic research informs public discourse, public policy, and organizational processes. The chapter then attempts to offer a more rounded picture of the contributions made by university researchers and educators than can be found in the critical literature.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Focus on the Classroom 专注于课堂
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0008
S. Brint
{"title":"Focus on the Classroom","authors":"S. Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the weakness that strikes at the core of academe's objectives and makes the triumph of online alternatives more plausible. The issue has been diplomatically described as “underachievement” in undergraduate education, but it could be described equally well as the failure to inculcate professional standards and expectations for college teachers. The chapter analyzes why the disparate efforts during the period to reform undergraduate teaching and to make colleges accountable for student learning failed to transform college classrooms. It also shows why the new sciences of learning have the potential to create the more powerful learning environments that earlier reformers failed to produce.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130299492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Priorities of Patrons 顾客的优先权
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0006
Steven Brint
{"title":"The Priorities of Patrons","authors":"Steven Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about the priorities that patrons expressed and the consequences of their largesse, focusing on the three giants of giving: the federal government, the fifty states, and million-dollar-plus donors. It argues that the priorities of patrons tended to favor fields that were closely aligned with power centers in American society—many connected to technological innovation—and their financial aid preferences tipped decidedly in the direction of support for middle-class and affluent college students. Less well-connected fields and financially needy students were not neglected by patrons, but support for them failed to keep pace. By contrast, most professors identified with the structures of academic professionalism, and a large proportion also supported the universities' aspirations for wider social inclusion.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129559687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
College for All 全民大学
Two Cheers for Higher Education Pub Date : 2018-12-11 DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0004
Steven Brint
{"title":"College for All","authors":"Steven Brint","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182667.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the processes and discourses of enrollment expansion, as well as the mechanisms colleges and universities have used to help improve the prospects of students who are most at risk of noncompletion. The sociologist James E. Rosenbaum (1998) coined the term “college for all” to describe the aspirations of policymakers and college and university administrators to extend college opportunities as widely as possible. Access and completion are the drivers of the educational revolution that has made college seem less like a choice than a necessity, but the revolution could not have occurred unless it had preserved and indeed added ways for ambitious students to acquire status at college and beyond graduation.","PeriodicalId":191116,"journal":{"name":"Two Cheers for Higher Education","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127852527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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