{"title":"Self-similarity in I/O workload: analysis and modeling","authors":"Marı́a E. Gómez, Vicente Santonja","doi":"10.1109/WWC.1998.809365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.1998.809365","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the notion of self-similarity has been applied to wide-area and local-area network traffic. This paper demonstrates that disk-level I/O requests are self-similar in nature. We show evidence, both visual and mathematical, that the I/O accesses are consistent with self-similarity. Moreover, we show that this property of I/O accesses is mainly due to writes. For our experiments, we use two sets of traces that collect the disk activity from two systems over a period of two months. Such behavior has serious implications for the performance evaluation of storage subsystem designs and implementations, since commonly-used simplifying assumptions about workload characteristics (e.g. Poisson arrivals) are shown to be incorrect. Using the ON/OFF model, we implement a disk request generator. The inputs of this generator are the measured properties of the available trace data. We analyze the synthesized workload and confirm that it exhibits the correct self-similar behavior.","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132300293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Pro/ENGINEER V19 Bench98 benchmark on a platform based on the Pentium(R) II Xeon/sup TM/ processor","authors":"R. Kanjo","doi":"10.1109/WWC.1998.809369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.1998.809369","url":null,"abstract":"The paper characterizes the behavior of the latest Pro/ENGINEER V19 benchmark, Bench98/sup TM/, on an IA-32 workstation platform based on the recently introduced Pentium(R) II Xeon/sup TM/ processor and 82440GX AGPset. The paper investigates the sensitivity of the benchmark to the size and/or speed of various platform components and analyzes the floating point, branching, caching, and memory behavior of the benchmark, comparing the results to the measurements obtained using SPEC95.","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"38 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132286496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterizing the behavior of Windows NT Web server workloads using processor performance counters","authors":"R. Radhakrishnan, F. Rawson","doi":"10.1109/WWC.1998.809362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.1998.809362","url":null,"abstract":"Studies the behavior of modern World Wide Web servers and server application programs to understand how they interact with the underlying hardware and operating system (OS) environments. We characterize the workload placed on both Pentium and Pentium Pro PCs running Windows NT Workstations 4.0 by three simple Web serving scenarios using the processor timestamp and performance counters. We used both the Pentium and the Pentium Pro to investigate the effect on the workloads of two processors that have the same instruction set architecture, but which have rather different microarchitectures. The workload shows a high percentage of branch instructions with only fair branch prediction for both processors. The numbers from the Pentium suggest a very low level of available instruction set parallelism at the instruction set architecture level while the improvement in the cycles per instruction (CPI) on the Pentium Pro indicates that there is more parallelism at the micro-operation level, even though the code makes somewhat inefficient use of the available resources.","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterizing instruction latency for speculative issue SMPs: a case study of varying memory system performance on the SPLASH-2 benchmarks","authors":"B. Grayson, C. Chase","doi":"10.1109/WWC.1998.809367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.1998.809367","url":null,"abstract":"Out-of-order, speculative, superscalar processors are complex. The behavior of multiprocessor systems that use such processors is not well understood and very difficult to predict. We tackle this problem using a powerful simulator, Armadillo, and a novel characterization framework that breaks the instruction pipeline into five meta-stages. The Armadillo simulator models symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) constructed from highly aggressive superscalar processors on a shared bus, and is able to provide accurate, detailed statistics on numerous aspects of the simulated system, including the amount of time each instruction spends in each of these five meta-stages. We also analyze the fraction of each instruction's lifetime, during which it remains speculative and the amount of time that an instruction spends on the critical path. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we apply the characterization to applications from the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. We evaluated the applications' sensitivity to key memory system parameters: bus frequency, bus width, memory latency, and cache latency.","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130535837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memory characterization of a parallel data mining workload","authors":"Jin-Soo Kim, Xiaohan Qin, Yarsun Hsu","doi":"10.1109/WWC.1998.809359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WWC.1998.809359","url":null,"abstract":"Studies a representative of an important class of emerging applications: a parallel data mining workload. The application, extracted from the IBM Intelligent Miner, identifies groups of records that are mathematically similar, based on a neural network model called a self-organizing map. We examine and compare, in detail, two implementations of the application: (1) temporal locality or working set size; (2) spatial locality and memory block utilization; (3) communication characteristics and scalability; and (4) translation lookaside buffer (TLB) performance. First, we find that the working set hierarchy of the application is governed by two parameters, namely the size of an input record and the size of prototype array; it is independent of the number of input records. Second, the application shows good spatial locality, with the implementation optimized for sparse data sets having slightly worse spatial locality. Third, due to the batch update scheme, the application bears very low communication. Finally, a two-way set-associative TLB may result in severely skewed TLB performance in a multiprocessor environment, caused by the large discrepancy in the number of conflict misses. Increasing the set associativity is more effective in mitigating the problem than increasing the TLB size.","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130542700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","authors":"L. John, A.M.G. Maynard, J. Sabarinathan, J. Baer","doi":"10.1109/wwc.1998.809353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wwc.1998.809353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":190931,"journal":{"name":"Workload Characterization: Methodology and Case Studies. Based on the First Workshop on Workload Characterization","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}