International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems最新文献

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Optimal procrastination interval for constrained deadline sporadic tasks upon uniprocessors 单处理器上约束截止日期零星任务的最优拖延间隔
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516837
Muhammad Ali Awan, P. Yomsi, Stefan M. Petters
{"title":"Optimal procrastination interval for constrained deadline sporadic tasks upon uniprocessors","authors":"Muhammad Ali Awan, P. Yomsi, Stefan M. Petters","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516837","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption is a major concern in modern real-time embedded systems and leakage current is a main contributor to it. To deal with the leakage current, several procrastination approaches have been proposed in the past in order to reduce the energy consumption. These approaches approximate the procrastination interval for the ease of analysis and sub-optimally utilise the potential to reduce the energy consumption. This paper presents an optimal method to determine the procrastination interval of each task and generalise the task-model to cover the constrained deadline tasks. Analytical and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed technique. In the best case, the proposed technique extends the average sleep interval up to 75% and decreases the energy consumption in idle state up to 55% over the state-of-the-art.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128732477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Improved feasibility of fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption using preemption thresholds for preemption points 使用抢占点的抢占阈值改进了延迟抢占的固定优先级调度的可行性
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516824
R. J. Bril, M. V. D. Heuvel, J. Lukkien
{"title":"Improved feasibility of fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption using preemption thresholds for preemption points","authors":"R. J. Bril, M. V. D. Heuvel, J. Lukkien","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516824","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at advancing the relative strength of limited-preemptive schedulers by improving the feasibility of a task set and simultaneously limiting, or even precluding, arbitrary preemptions. In particular, we present a refinement of existing limited-preemptive fixed-priority scheduling (FPS) schemes with preemption thresholds for preemption points next to preemption thresholds for sub-jobs, termed fixed-priority scheduling with varying preemption thresholds (FPVS). We derive exact schedulability analysis for FPVS and we develop algorithms to maximize the schedulability of a set of sporadic tasks for given priorities. Since FPVS generalizes existing FPS schemes, we apply our algorithms to those schemes to compare the ratio of schedulable systems. Our experiments show that FPVS can achieve the same schedulability ratio with limited-preemptive sub-jobs as with entirely non-preemptive sub-jobs.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114742542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Global EDF scheduling of directed acyclic graphs on multiprocessor systems 多处理器系统上有向无环图的全局EDF调度
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516836
Manar Qamhieh, Frédéric Fauberteau, L. George, Serge Midonnet
{"title":"Global EDF scheduling of directed acyclic graphs on multiprocessor systems","authors":"Manar Qamhieh, Frédéric Fauberteau, L. George, Serge Midonnet","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516836","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the problem of real-time scheduling of parallel tasks represented by a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) on multiprocessor architectures. We focus on Global Earliest Deadline First scheduling of sporadic DAG tasksets with constrained-deadlines on a system of homogeneous processors. Our contributions consist in analyzing DAG tasks by considering their internal structures and providing a tighter bound on the workload and interference analysis. This approach consists in assigning a local offset and deadline for each subtask in the DAG. We derive an improved sufficient schedulability test w.r.t. an existing test proposed in the state of the art. Then we discuss the sustainability of this test.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"137 1-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132812061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 87
Best-case response times and jitter analysis of real-time tasks with arbitrary deadlines 具有任意截止日期的实时任务的最佳情况响应时间和抖动分析
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516825
R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien, R. H. Mak
{"title":"Best-case response times and jitter analysis of real-time tasks with arbitrary deadlines","authors":"R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien, R. H. Mak","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516825","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present and prove exact best-case response time and improved jitter analysis of real-time periodic tasks with activation jitter and arbitrary deadlines that are scheduled by means of fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling. We illustrate the analysis by means of examples.\u0000 Apart from having a value on its own whenever timing constraints include lower bounds on response times of a system to events, our novel analysis also allows for an improvement of existing end-to-end response time analysis in distributed systems, i.e. where the finalization of one task on a processor activates another task on another processor.\u0000 Best-case and worst-case analysis for tasks with constrained deadlines have a dual nature. We present various witnesses of non-duality of best-case and worst-case analysis for tasks with arbitrary deadlines, illustrating that both our novel best-case analysis and its proof are not straightforward extensions of existing work.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Leveraging transactional memory for a predictable execution of applications composed of hard real-time and best-effort tasks 利用事务性内存实现由硬实时和尽最大努力完成的任务组成的应用程序的可预测执行
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516832
Stefan Metzlaff, Sebastian Weis, T. Ungerer
{"title":"Leveraging transactional memory for a predictable execution of applications composed of hard real-time and best-effort tasks","authors":"Stefan Metzlaff, Sebastian Weis, T. Ungerer","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516832","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we utilise transactional memory (TM) to limit interferences of concurrent hard real-time (HRT) and best-effort (BE) tasks in a shared memory multi-core. We first propose a way to calculate the worst-case execution time (WCET) bound of HRT transactions when the set of concurrent transactions is known. In the next step we enhance our TM contention manager to prioritise transactions depending on their real-time requirements. With our approach it is possible to bound the interferences of any BE transaction and thus ensure a predictable execution of concurrently running HRT transactions. Our evaluation shows that the impact of BE tasks on the WCET bound of HRT tasks is minimal, while allowing them to share data.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130662879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Continuity for network calculus 网络微积分的连续性
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516840
M. Boyer, G. Dufour, L. Santinelli
{"title":"Continuity for network calculus","authors":"M. Boyer, G. Dufour, L. Santinelli","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516840","url":null,"abstract":"Network calculus is a theory designed to compute guaranteed bounds on delays and memory usage for networks. One of its strength is its mathematical framework to function representation and manipulation for network analysis.\u0000 Up to now, the papers looking at the scheduling with networking consider left-continuous curves, while papers looking at packets with networking consider right-continuous curves. Some other are merging the two, without any consideration on that incompatibility due to a different definition of the functions.\u0000 This theoretical paper focuses on the mathematical problem of function continuity and especially the continuity of cumulative curves, those applied by the network calculus to represent network dynamics. The right-continuity extension to the network calculus is formalized and compared with the classical left-continuity hypothesis evaluating its impact on some of the main results for network calculus.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133707751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Feasibility intervals for homogeneous multicores, asynchronous periodic tasks, and FJP schedulers 同构多核、异步周期性任务和FJP调度器的可行性间隔
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516848
Vincent Nélis, P. Yomsi, J. Goossens
{"title":"Feasibility intervals for homogeneous multicores, asynchronous periodic tasks, and FJP schedulers","authors":"Vincent Nélis, P. Yomsi, J. Goossens","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516848","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of scheduling asynchronous periodic real-time tasks on homogeneous multicore platforms using a global and Fixed Job-level Priority (FJP) scheduler, e.g., global-EDF (global Earliest Deadline First). We establish a finite interval of time such that, if no task deadline is missed while scheduling only the jobs released within this interval, then no task deadline will ever be missed at run time. This kind of interval is referred to as \"feasibility interval\" and allows for sufficient and necessary schedulability analyses.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125255156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Fixed-priority scheduling of dual-criticality systems 双临界系统的固定优先级调度
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516827
Sanjoy Baruah, A. Burns
{"title":"Fixed-priority scheduling of dual-criticality systems","authors":"Sanjoy Baruah, A. Burns","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516827","url":null,"abstract":"In modern embedded platforms, safety-critical functionalities that must be certified correct to very high levels of assurance may co-exist with less critical software that is not subject to certification requirements. One seeks to satisfy two, sometimes contradictory, goals upon such mixed-criticality platforms: (i) certify the safety-critical functionalities under very conservative assumptions, and (ii) achieve high resource utilization during run-time, when actual behavior does not live up to the pessimistic assumptions under which certification was made. This paper makes two contributions: (i) it surveys different fixed-priority scheduling algorithms that have been proposed, that seek to balance these two requirements, and (ii) it completes prior work that performs a comparative evaluation of these different fixed-priority scheduling algorithms. It particularly focuses upon the period transformation technique for dual-criticality scheduling, since this technique has received relatively less attention in prior work.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122078418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
A scheduling algorithm to reduce the static energy consumption of multiprocessor real-time systems 一种减少多处理器实时系统静态能耗的调度算法
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516839
Vincent Legout, M. Jan, L. Pautet
{"title":"A scheduling algorithm to reduce the static energy consumption of multiprocessor real-time systems","authors":"Vincent Legout, M. Jan, L. Pautet","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516839","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption of real-time embedded systems is a growing concern. It includes both static and dynamic consumption and is now dominated by static consumption as the semiconductor technology moves to deep sub-micron scale. In this paper, we propose a new approach to efficiently use the low-power states of multiprocessor embedded hard real-time systems in order to reduce their static consumption. In a low-power state, the processor is not active and the deeper the low-power state is, the lower is the energy consumption but the higher is the transition delay to come back to the active state. Our approach increases the duration of the idle periods to allow the activation of deeper low-power states. Offline, we use an additional task to model the idle time and we use mixed integer linear programming to reduce its number of preemptions. Online, we extend an existing scheduling algorithm to increase the length of the idle periods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first optimal multiprocessor scheduling algorithm minimizing static consumption. Simulations show that the energy consumption while processors are idle is dramatically reduced with our solution compared to existing multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithms.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128070995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
An optimisation algorithm for minimising energy dissipation in NoC-based hard real-time embedded systems 基于noc的硬实时嵌入式系统中能量消耗最小化的优化算法
International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems Pub Date : 2013-10-16 DOI: 10.1145/2516821.2516844
M. Sayuti, L. Indrusiak, A. Ortiz
{"title":"An optimisation algorithm for minimising energy dissipation in NoC-based hard real-time embedded systems","authors":"M. Sayuti, L. Indrusiak, A. Ortiz","doi":"10.1145/2516821.2516844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2516821.2516844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithm to facilitate fast and efficient task allocation of hard real-time embedded systems with Networks-On-Chip (NoC) as the interconnection at the early design stage, where evaluating as many as possible solutions is crucial. Our approach uses analytical fitness functions to provide fast evaluation of large number of solutions; a contrast to simulation-based optimisation technique, whereby it tends to be not only impractical when the design space is very large but also unfeasible as far as hard real-time systems are concerned. The proposed algorithm guarantees the predictability in timing behaviour of the systems whilst minimising energy dissipation whenever tasks are reallocated and their packets are rerouted, which differs from the state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, not only it can explore the allocation of tasks but also the encoding of the data packets. The evidence gathered from case studies shows that the proposed algorithm is able to find schedulable allocation of tasks, preserving it whilst further minimising energy dissipation.","PeriodicalId":190397,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Real-Time and Network Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130346631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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