Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series最新文献_第9页

Human Milk Microbiota: Origin and Potential Uses. 人乳微生物群:起源和潜在用途。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-13 DOI: 10.1159/000505031

Leónides Fernández, Juan M Rodríguez

{"title":"Human Milk Microbiota: Origin and Potential Uses.","authors":"Leónides Fernández, Juan M Rodríguez","doi":"10.1159/000505031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000505031","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the 21st century, some pioneer studies provided evidence of the existence of a site-specific human milk microbiota. Hygienically collected milk samples from healthy women contain a relatively low bacterial load, which consist mostly of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, lactic acid bacteria, and other gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, and Bifidobacterium). DNA from strict anaerobic bacteria is also detected in human milk samples. The origin of human milk bacteria still remains largely unknown. Although the infant's oral cavity and maternal skin may provide microbes to milk, selected bacteria of the maternal digestive microbiota may access the mammary glands through oral- and enteromammary pathways involving interactions with immune cells. In addition, when milk is collected using external devices, such as breast pumps, some microorganisms may arise from unhygienic handling as well as from the water used to clean and rinse the devices, for example. The human milk microbiota has a wide spectrum of potential uses. Most of them have been focused on the infant (including the preterm ones), but some bacterial strains present in human milk have also a big potential to be used to improve the mother's health, mainly through the prevention or treatment of infectious mastitis during lactation.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"94 ","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000505031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37738765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Foreword. 前言。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.1159/000505245

Natalia Wagemans

引用次数: 0

Summary on the Role of Milk in Early Life. 牛奶在生命早期的作用综述。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.1159/000503565

Kim F Michaelsen

引用次数: 0

The Mammary Gland as an Integral Component of the Common Mucosal Immune System. 乳腺作为普通粘膜免疫系统的一个组成部分。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-16 DOI: 10.1159/000505336

Jiri Mestecky

{"title":"The Mammary Gland as an Integral Component of the Common Mucosal Immune System.","authors":"Jiri Mestecky","doi":"10.1159/000505336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000505336","url":null,"abstract":"The human mammary gland is an integral effector component of the common mucosal immune system. However, from physiological and immunological aspects, it displays several unique features not shared by other mucosal sites. The development, maturation, and activity of the mammary gland exhibits a strong hormonal dependence. Furthermore, in comparison to the intestinal and respiratory tracts, the mammary gland is not colonized by high numbers of bacteria of enormous diversity and does not contain mucosal inductive sites analogous to the intestinal Peyer's patches. Consequently, when exposed to antigens, local or generalized immune responses are low or not present. Comparative evaluations of various immunization routes effective in the induction of antibodies in human milk are limited. Systemic immunization induces IgG antibodies in plasma, but due to the low levels of total IgG in human milk, their protective effect remains unknown. Oral or intranasal immunization or infection induces secretory IgA in milk, as demonstrated in several studies. Other routes of mucosal immunization, such as sublingual or rectal exposure effective in the induction of antibodies in various external secretions, have not been explored in the mammary gland. Because secretory IgA in milk displays protective functions, alternative immunization routes and antigen delivery systems should be explored.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"94 ","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000505336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37742098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Beyond the Bacterial Microbiome: Virome of Human Milk and Effects on the Developing Infant. 超越细菌微生物组:人乳病毒及其对发育中的婴儿的影响。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1159/000504997

Sindhu Mohandas, Pia S Pannaraj

{"title":"Beyond the Bacterial Microbiome: Virome of Human Milk and Effects on the Developing Infant.","authors":"Sindhu Mohandas, Pia S Pannaraj","doi":"10.1159/000504997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504997","url":null,"abstract":"Human milk microbes play an important role in infant health and disease. Emerging evidence shows that human milk viruses are also transmitted from the mother to the infant via breastfeeding. These viruses include eukaryotic viruses, bacterium-infecting viruses called bacteriophages, and other viral particles. Human milk viruses are instrumental in shaping the infant gut virome and microbiome. Eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses contribute to pathogenic challenges and protection. Bacteriophages have the ability to kill bacteria or supply them with potentially beneficial gene functions, thereby shaping the microbiome. The early infant virome is dominated by bacteriophages that likely contribute to a highly dynamic microbiome in the early life. There is a critical window of early childhood growth with rapid maturation of metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways. The colonization of microbes in the infant body during this time plays an important role in the establishment and maturation of these pathways. The virome transmitted via breastfeeding may also be particularly important at these critical time points of immune development. More longitudinal studies of mother-infant pairs will help to better define the human milk virome and their functional impact on the development of the growing infant.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"94 ","pages":"86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37761321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Summary on Health Behaviors and the Developing Brain. 健康行为与大脑发育综述。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1159/000511520

Charles H Hillman

引用次数: 0

Dietary Sugars: Not as Sour as They Are Made Out to Be. 膳食糖:不像人们想象的那么酸。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1159/000511524

Dennis M Bier

{"title":"Dietary Sugars: Not as Sour as They Are Made Out to Be.","authors":"Dennis M Bier","doi":"10.1159/000511524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511524","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of evolution, Mother Nature preserved the ability of humans to make every sugar they need for metabolic functions. Glucose is the almost exclusive fuel preferred by the human brain. Human infants are born with sweet taste receptors, sugars are a significant energy source in human milk, and mammals have a direct gut-to-brain sugar-sensing system that enhances development of a preference for sugars. If sugars are as toxic as many postulate, what species advantage was conferred by this evolutionary progression? Observational studies have reported that sugar consumption is associated with various adverse health risks. However, observational studies can never prove causality, dietary intake records are known to be highly problematic, and the huge number of correlation interdependencies among environmental \"exposome\" variables makes it impossible to attribute causality to individual dietary components. Additionally, these studies overall have been graded as low quality, and many reported the small effect sizes are likely within the propagated methodological \"noise.\" With several exceptions, data from randomized controlled trials that ensured isocaloric energy intakes have failed to confirm the causal implications of the observational data. Likewise, the comprehensive UK Scientific Committee on Nutrition Report on Carbohydrates and Health also failed to confirm the vast majority of widely postulated detrimental effects of sugar consumption per se. Current data on intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and on the risks associated with high intakes of dietary fructose remain under debate.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"95 ","pages":"100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38581340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Summary on Challenges in Nutrition in Toddlers and Young Children. 幼儿营养面临的挑战综述。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1159/000511522

Atul Singhal

引用次数: 0

The Importance of Providing Opportunities for Health Behaviors during the School Day. 在校期间为健康行为提供机会的重要性。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1159/000511512

Darla M Castelli, Jeanne M Barcelona, Brittany Crim, Sheri L Burson

{"title":"The Importance of Providing Opportunities for Health Behaviors during the School Day.","authors":"Darla M Castelli, Jeanne M Barcelona, Brittany Crim, Sheri L Burson","doi":"10.1159/000511512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000511512","url":null,"abstract":"Today, children are less active than previous generations leading to an increased prevalence of morbidity associated with physical inactivity. Globally, full-day preschool is rapidly becoming the norm. Thus, the amount of time that a child spends outside the home is an opportunity for schools and teachers to educate children about the importance of participating in physical activity and making healthy eating choices. One approach to comprehensively offer opportunities for physical activity and healthy eating is called Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child, which intertwines academic success and promotion of healthy behaviors. Particularly for adolescent children, multicomponent approaches that include both school and family or community involvement have the most significant potential to make meaningful differences in the rate of physical activity participation. For young children, teacher training, resources, and equipment are needed to achieve equity across programs and schools, because these are predictors of physical activity participation. Further, school policies, administrative support, modeling by teachers, and the use of cues and incentives can have a positive effect. The purpose of this paper is to describe the benefits of contemporary, evidence-based models for providing opportunities for health behaviors in school from early childhood to adolescence.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"95 ","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38583420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Structure and Functions. 人乳低聚糖:结构与功能。

Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-11 DOI: 10.1159/000505339

Lars Bode

{"title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Structure and Functions.","authors":"Lars Bode","doi":"10.1159/000505339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000505339","url":null,"abstract":"Oligosaccharides are a group of complex glycans that are present in the milk of most mammals. However, human milk is unique as the concentrations of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are much higher than those of other mammals, and their structural composition is more complex and varies between women. These observations prompt several questions: (i) Why are humans unique when it comes to milk oligosaccharides? (ii) Which maternal genetic and environmental factors drive the interindividual variation in HMO composition? (iii) What are the short- and long-term health benefits for the infant - and potentially also the mother? The combination of genome-wide association studies, milk transcriptomics, in vitro gene editing, and in silico pathway modeling allows us to reconstruct HMO biosynthetic pathways. Using new data mining approaches and leveraging samples and metadata from large mother-infant cohorts enable us to identify associations between HMO composition and infant and maternal health outcomes. Suitable preclinical models and clinical intervention studies allow us to corroborate the established associations for causal relationships and test for in vivo efficacy in humans. Knowledge generated from these different approaches will help us establish true structure-function relationships and provide the rigorous evidence required to improve infant health and development.","PeriodicalId":18986,"journal":{"name":"Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series","volume":"94 ","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000505339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37728714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31