J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.最新文献_第2页

Attributes that may raise the occurrence of merge conflicts 可能导致合并冲突发生的属性

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1911

José William Menezes, Bruno Trindade, J. F. Pimentel, A. Plastino, Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta, Catarina Costa

{"title":"Attributes that may raise the occurrence of merge conflicts","authors":"José William Menezes, Bruno Trindade, J. F. Pimentel, A. Plastino, Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta, Catarina Costa","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1911","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative software development typically involves the use of branches. The changes made in different branches are usually merged, and direct and indirect conflicts may arise. Some studies are concerned with investigating ways to deal with merge conflicts and measuring the effort that this activity may require. However, the investigation of factors that may reduce the occurrence of conflicts needs more and deeper attention. This paper aims at identifying and analyzing attributes of past merges with and without conflicts to understand what may induce direct conflicts. We analyzed 182,273 merge scenarios from 80 projects written in eight different programming languages to find characteristics that increase the chances of a merge to have a conflict. We found that attributes such as the number of changed files, the number of commits, the number of changed lines, and the number of committers demonstrated to have the strongest influence in the occurrence of merge conflicts. Moreover, attributes in the branch that is being integrated seem to be more influential than the same attributes in the receiving branch. Additionally, we discovered positive correlations between the occurrence of conflicts and both the duration of the branch and the intersection of developers in both branches. Finally, we observed that PHP, JavaScript, and Java are more prone to conflicts.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121150100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Development of an Ontology-based Approach for Knowledge Management in Software Testing 基于本体的软件测试知识管理方法研究

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1898

É. Souza, R. Falbo, N. Vijaykumar, K. Felizardo, G. V. Meinerz, Marcos S. Specimille, Alexandre G. N. Coelho

{"title":"Development of an Ontology-based Approach for Knowledge Management in Software Testing","authors":"É. Souza, R. Falbo, N. Vijaykumar, K. Felizardo, G. V. Meinerz, Marcos S. Specimille, Alexandre G. N. Coelho","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1898","url":null,"abstract":"Software development organizations are seeking to add quality to their products. Testing processes are strategic elements to manage projects and product quality. However, advances in technology and the emergence of increasingly critical applications make testing a complex task and large volumes of information are generated. In fact, software testing is a knowledge intensive process. Because of this, these organizations have shown a growing interest in Knowledge Management (KM) programs, which in turn support the improvement of testing procedures. KM emerges as a means to manage testing knowledge, and, consequently, to improve software quality. However, there are only a few KM solutions supporting software testing. This paper reports experiences from the development of an approach, called Ontology-based Testing Knowledge Management (OntoT-KM), that aims to assist in launching KM initiatives in the software testing domain with the support of Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs). OntoT-KM provides a process guiding how to start applying KM in software testing. OntoT-KM is based on the findings of a systematic mapping on KM in software testing and the results of a survey with testing practitioners. Moreover, OntoT-KM considers the conceptualization established by a Reference Ontology on Software Testing (ROoST). As a proof of concept, OntoT-KM was applied to develop a KMS called Testing KM Portal (TKMP), which was evaluated in terms of usefulness, usability, and functional correctness. Results show that the developed KMS from OntoT-KM is a potential system for managing knowledge in software testing, so, the approach can guide KM initiatives in software testing.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117002549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Data-centric Model Transformation Approach using Model2GraphFrame Transformations 使用Model2GraphFrame转换的以数据为中心的模型转换方法

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.477

Luiz Carlos Camargo, Marcos Didonet Del Fabro

{"title":"A Data-centric Model Transformation Approach using Model2GraphFrame Transformations","authors":"Luiz Carlos Camargo, Marcos Didonet Del Fabro","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.477","url":null,"abstract":"Data-centric (Dc) approaches are being used for data processing in several application domains, such as distributed systems, natural language processing, and others. There are different data processing frameworks that ease the task of parallel and distributed data processing. However, there are few research approaches studying on how to execute model manipulation operations, as model transformations models on such frameworks. In addition, it is often necessary to provide extraction of XMI-based formats into possibly distributed models. In this paper, we present a Model2GraphFrame operation to extract a model in a modeling technical space into the Apache Spark framework and its GraphFrame supported format. It generates GraphFrame from the input models, which can be used for partitioning and processing model operations. We used two model partitioning strategies: based on subgraphs, and clustering. The approach allows to perform model analysis applying operations on the generated graphs, as well as Model Transformations (MT). The proof of concept results such as model2GraphFrame, GraphFrame partitioning, GraphFrame connectivity, and GraphFrame model transformations indicate that our Model Extraction can be used in various application domains, since it enables the specification of analytical expressions on graphs. Furthermore, its model graph elements are used in model transformations on a scalable platform.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How are test smells treated in the wild? A tale of two empirical studies 在野外如何处理测试气味?两个实证研究的故事

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1802

Nildo Silva Junior, L. Martins, Larissa Rocha, Heitor A. X. Costa, Ivan Machado

{"title":"How are test smells treated in the wild? A tale of two empirical studies","authors":"Nildo Silva Junior, L. Martins, Larissa Rocha, Heitor A. X. Costa, Ivan Machado","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1802","url":null,"abstract":"Developing test code may be a time-consuming process that requires much effort and cost, especially when done manually. In addition, during this process, developers and testers are likely to adopt bad design choices, which may lead to introducing the so-called test smells in the test code. As the test code with test smells size increases, these tests might become more complex, and as a consequence, much more challenging to understand and evolve them correctly. Therefore, test smells may harm the test code quality and maintenance and break the whole software testing activities. In this context, this study aims to understand whether software testing practitioners unintentionally insert test smells when they implement test code. We first carried out an expert survey to analyze the usage frequency of a set of test smells and then interviews to reach a deeper understanding of how practitioners deal with test smells. Sixty professionals participated in the survey, and fifty professionals participated in the interviews. The yielded results indicate that experienced professionals introduce test smells during their daily programming tasks, even when using their companies’ standardized practices. Additionally, tools support test development and quality improvement, but most interviewees are not aware of test smells’ concepts.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126864403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

On the test smells detection: an empirical study on the JNose Test accuracy 关于测试气味检测:JNose测试准确性的实证研究

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1893

Tássio Virgínio, L. Martins, Railana Santana, Adriana Cruz, Larissa Rocha, Heitor A. X. Costa, Ivan Machado

{"title":"On the test smells detection: an empirical study on the JNose Test accuracy","authors":"Tássio Virgínio, L. Martins, Railana Santana, Adriana Cruz, Larissa Rocha, Heitor A. X. Costa, Ivan Machado","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1893","url":null,"abstract":"Several strategies have supported test quality measurement and analysis. For example, code coverage, a widely used one, enables verification of the test case to cover as many source code branches as possible. Another set of affordable strategies to evaluate the test code quality exists, such as test smells analysis. Test smells are poor design choices in test code implementation, and their occurrence might reduce the test suite quality. A practical and largescale test smells identification depends on automated tool support. Otherwise, test smells analysis could become a cost-ineffective strategy. In an earlier study, we proposed the JNose Test, automated tool support to detect test smells and analyze test suite quality from the test smells perspective. This study extends the previous one in two directions: i) we implemented the JNose-Core, an API encompassing the test smells detection rules. Through an extensible architecture, the tool is now capable of accomodating new detection rules or programming languages; and ii) we performed an empirical study to evaluate the JNose Test effectiveness and compare it against the state-of-the-art tool, the tsDetect. Results showed that the JNose-Core precision score ranges from 91% to 100%, and the recall score from 89% to 100%. It also presented a slight improvement in the test smells detection rules compared to the tsDetect for the test smells detection at the class level.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132152398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Representation of software design using templates: impact on software quality and development effort 使用模板表示软件设计:对软件质量和开发工作的影响

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1049

Silvana Moreno, Diego Vallespir, Martín Solari, Vanessa Casella

{"title":"Representation of software design using templates: impact on software quality and development effort","authors":"Silvana Moreno, Diego Vallespir, Martín Solari, Vanessa Casella","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1049","url":null,"abstract":"As a practice, software design seeks to contribute to developing quality software. During this software development stage, the requirements are translated into a representation of the software (also known as design), whose quality can be evaluated and improved. For undergraduate students, the design is difficult to understand and make. In fact, building a good design seems to require a certain level of cognitive development that few students achieve.The aim of this study is to know the effort dedicated to software detailed design and the effect on software quality when graduating students use templates to represent their design. We conducted a controlled experiment where students develop eight projects following a defined process and recording data from its execution in a software tool. We found that the use of design templates did not improve the quality of the code, measured as the defect density in the unit test phase. Also, the use of templates did not reduce the number of code smells in the analyzed code. Regarding the effort, students who use templates dedicated greater development effort to designing than to coding. Meanwhile, students who did not use templates dedicated four times less effort to designing than to coding.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132534925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

EVEREST: An Automatic Model-Based Testing Tool for Asynchronous Reactive Systems EVEREST:用于异步响应系统的基于模型的自动测试工具

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1094

A. Bonifácio, Camila Sonoda Gomes

{"title":"EVEREST: An Automatic Model-Based Testing Tool for Asynchronous Reactive Systems","authors":"A. Bonifácio, Camila Sonoda Gomes","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive systems are characterized by the interaction with the environment, where the exchange of the input and output stimuli, usually, occurs asynchronously. Systems of this nature, in general, require a rigorous testing activity over their developing process. Therefore model-based testing has been successfully applied over asynchronous reactive systems using Input Output Labeled Transition Systems (IOLTSs) as the basis. In this work we present a reactive testing tool to check conformance, generate test suites and run test cases using IOLTS models. Our tool can check whether the behavior of an implementation under test (IUT) complies with the behavior of its respective specification. We have implemented a classical conformance relation ioco and a more general notion of conformance based on regular languages. Further, the tool provides a test suite generation in a black-box testing setting for finding faults over IUTs according to a specific domain. We have also described some case studies to probe the tool's functionalities and also to highlight a comparative analysis on both conformance approaches. Finally, we offer experiments to evaluate the performance of our tool using several scenarios.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130615430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking Use Cases and Associated Requirements: A Replicated Eye Tracking Study on the Impact of Linking Variants on Reading Behavior 链接用例和相关需求:链接变体对阅读行为影响的复制眼动追踪研究

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.5753/jserd.2021.1096

Oliver Karras, Alexandra Risch, J. Klünder

{"title":"Linking Use Cases and Associated Requirements: A Replicated Eye Tracking Study on the Impact of Linking Variants on Reading Behavior","authors":"Oliver Karras, Alexandra Risch, J. Klünder","doi":"10.5753/jserd.2021.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/jserd.2021.1096","url":null,"abstract":"A wide variety of use case templates supports different variants to link a use case with its associated requirements. Regardless of the linking, a reader must process the related information simultaneously to understand them.Linking variants are intended to cause a specific reading behavior in which a reader interrelates a use case and its associated requirements. Due to the effort to create and maintain links, we investigated the impact of different linking variants on the reading behavior in terms of visual effort and the intended way of interrelating both artifacts.We designed an eye tracking study about reading a use case and requirements. We conducted the study twice each with 15 subjects as a baseline experiment and as a repetition. The results of the baseline experiment, its repetition, and their joint analysis are consistent. All investigated linking variants cause comparable visual effort. In all cases, reading the single artifacts one after the other is the most frequently occurring behavior. Only links embedded in the fields of a use case description significantly increase the readers’ efforts to interrelate both artifacts. None of the investigated linking variants impedes reading a use case and requirements. However, only the most detailed linking variant causes readers to process related information simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125045977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Requirements Engineering Technology for the IoT Software Systems A物联网软件系统需求工程技术

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-03-26 DOI: 10.5753/JSERD.2021.1892

D. Silva, B. D. Souza, T. G. Gonçalves, G. Travassos

{"title":"A Requirements Engineering Technology for the IoT Software Systems","authors":"D. Silva, B. D. Souza, T. G. Gonçalves, G. Travassos","doi":"10.5753/JSERD.2021.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/JSERD.2021.1892","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary software systems (CSS) – such as the internet of things (IoT) based software systems – incorporate new concerns and characteristics inherent to the network, software, hardware, context awareness, interoperability, and others, compared to conventional software systems. In this sense, requirements engineering (RE) plays a fundamental role in ensuring these software systems' correct development looking for the business and end-user needs. Several software technologies supporting RE are available in the literature, but many do not cover all CSS specificities, notably those based on IoT. This research article presents RETIoT (Requirements Engineering Technology for the Internet of Things based software systems), aiming to provide methodological, technical, and tooling support to produce IoT software system requirements document. It is composed of an IoT scenario description technique, a checklist to verify IoT scenarios, construction processes, and templates for IoT software systems. A feasibility study was carried out in IoT system projects to observe its templates and identify improvement opportunities. The results indicate the feasibility of RETIoT templates' when used to capture IoT characteristics. However, further experimental studies represent research opportunities, strengthen confidence in its elements (construction process, techniques, and templates), and capture end-user perception.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Software industry awareness on sustainable software engineering: a Brazilian perspective 软件工业对可持续软件工程的认识:巴西的观点

J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. Pub Date : 2021-02-13 DOI: 10.5753/jserd.2021.742

Leila Karita, B. C. Mourão, L. Martins, L. Soares, I. Machado

{"title":"Software industry awareness on sustainable software engineering: a Brazilian perspective","authors":"Leila Karita, B. C. Mourão, L. Martins, L. Soares, I. Machado","doi":"10.5753/jserd.2021.742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5753/jserd.2021.742","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable computing is a rapidly growing research area spanning several areas of computer science. In the software engineering field, the topic has received increasing attention in recent years, with several studies addressing a range of concerns. However, few studies have demonstrated the awareness of software practitioners about the underlying concepts of sustainability in the software development practice. In this effect, this study aims to provide some evidence regarding the practitioners’ perception about the adoption of sustainability in software development, under four main perspectives: economic, social, environmental, and technical. In previous work, we carried out a preliminary survey study with twenty-five software engineers who work in a range of domains. The yielded results indicate an overall lack of knowledge about the topic, in particular, related to concepts about sustainable software. In this study, we extend the survey and reached a number of ninety-seven respondents. The novel results confirmed the evidence raised in the original survey that sustainability in the context of software is a new subject for software practitioners. However, professionals have shown interest in it. There is a general understanding that sustainability should be treated as a quality attribute. Among the observed perspectives, we generated an initial theory, which shows that software practitioners know the subject around ‘Green in Software’, even unconsciously. This study contributes to the green and sustainable software engineering field by bringing evidence on comprehending how the software industry understands the adoption of sustainability in the software development process.","PeriodicalId":189472,"journal":{"name":"J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev.","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130066668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6