Pavel Kolkhir, Ana M Giménez-Arnau, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Jonny Peter, Martin Metz, Marcus Maurer
{"title":"Urticaria.","authors":"Pavel Kolkhir, Ana M Giménez-Arnau, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Jonny Peter, Martin Metz, Marcus Maurer","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00389-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00389-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urticaria is an inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20% of the world population at some point during their life. It presents with wheals, angioedema or both due to activation and degranulation of skin mast cells and the release of histamine and other mediators. Most cases of urticaria are acute urticaria, which lasts ≤6 weeks and can be associated with infections or intake of drugs or foods. Chronic urticaria (CU) is either spontaneous or inducible, lasts >6 weeks and persists for >1 year in most patients. CU greatly affects patient quality of life, and is linked to psychiatric comorbidities and high healthcare costs. In contrast to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) has definite and subtype-specific triggers that induce signs and symptoms. The pathogenesis of CSU consists of several interlinked events involving autoantibodies, complement and coagulation. The diagnosis of urticaria is clinical, but several tests can be performed to exclude differential diagnoses and identify underlying causes in CSU or triggers in CIndU. Current urticaria treatment aims at complete response, with a stepwise approach using second-generation H1 antihistamines, omalizumab and cyclosporine. Novel treatment approaches centre on targeting mediators, signalling pathways and receptors of mast cells and other immune cells. Further research should focus on defining disease endotypes and their biomarkers, identifying new treatment targets and developing improved therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"8 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Falanga, Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff, Athena M Soulika, Marco Romanelli, David Margolis, Suzanne Kapp, Mark Granick, Keith Harding
{"title":"Chronic wounds.","authors":"Vincent Falanga, Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff, Athena M Soulika, Marco Romanelli, David Margolis, Suzanne Kapp, Mark Granick, Keith Harding","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00377-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00377-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wounds are characterized by their inability to heal within an expected time frame and have emerged as an increasingly important clinical problem over the past several decades, owing to their increasing incidence and greater recognition of associated morbidity and socio-economic burden. Even up to a few years ago, the management of chronic wounds relied on standards of care that were outdated. However, the approach to these chronic conditions has improved, with better prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Such improvements are due to major advances in understanding of cellular and molecular aspects of basic science, in innovative and technological breakthroughs in treatment modalities from biomedical engineering, and in our ability to conduct well-controlled and reliable clinical research. The evidence-based approaches resulting from these advances have become the new standard of care. At the same time, these improvements are tempered by the recognition that persistent gaps exist in scientific knowledge of impaired healing and the ability of clinicians to reduce morbidity, loss of limb and mortality. Therefore, taking stock of what is known and what is needed to improve understanding of chronic wounds and their associated failure to heal is crucial to ensuring better treatments and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"8 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352385/pdf/nihms-1908297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9828767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Søren T Skou, Frances S Mair, Martin Fortin, Bruce Guthrie, Bruno P Nunes, J Jaime Miranda, Cynthia M Boyd, Sanghamitra Pati, Sally Mtenga, Susan M Smith
{"title":"Multimorbidity.","authors":"Søren T Skou, Frances S Mair, Martin Fortin, Bruce Guthrie, Bruno P Nunes, J Jaime Miranda, Cynthia M Boyd, Sanghamitra Pati, Sally Mtenga, Susan M Smith","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00376-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-022-00376-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multimorbidity (two or more coexisting conditions in an individual) is a growing global challenge with substantial effects on individuals, carers and society. Multimorbidity occurs a decade earlier in socioeconomically deprived communities and is associated with premature death, poorer function and quality of life and increased health-care utilization. Mechanisms underlying the development of multimorbidity are complex, interrelated and multilevel, but are related to ageing and underlying biological mechanisms and broader determinants of health such as socioeconomic deprivation. Little is known about prevention of multimorbidity, but focusing on psychosocial and behavioural factors, particularly population level interventions and structural changes, is likely to be beneficial. Most clinical practice guidelines and health-care training and delivery focus on single diseases, leading to care that is sometimes inadequate and potentially harmful. Multimorbidity requires person-centred care, prioritizing what matters most to the individual and the individual's carers, ensuring care that is effectively coordinated and minimally disruptive, and aligns with the patient's values. Interventions are likely to be complex and multifaceted. Although an increasing number of studies have examined multimorbidity interventions, there is still limited evidence to support any approach. Greater investment in multimorbidity research and training along with reconfiguration of health care supporting the management of multimorbidity is urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"8 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":76.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7613517/pdf/EMS152972.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annette Lischka, P. Laššuthová, A. Çakar, Christopher J Record, J. Van Lent, J. Baets, Maike F. Dohrn, J. Senderek, A. Lampert, David L H Bennett, J. Wood, V. Timmerman, T. Hornemann, M. Auer-Grumbach, Y. Parman, C. Hübner, M. Elbracht, K. Eggermann, C. Geoffrey Woods, J. Cox, M. Reilly, I. Kurth
{"title":"Genetic pain loss disorders","authors":"Annette Lischka, P. Laššuthová, A. Çakar, Christopher J Record, J. Van Lent, J. Baets, Maike F. Dohrn, J. Senderek, A. Lampert, David L H Bennett, J. Wood, V. Timmerman, T. Hornemann, M. Auer-Grumbach, Y. Parman, C. Hübner, M. Elbracht, K. Eggermann, C. Geoffrey Woods, J. Cox, M. Reilly, I. Kurth","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00365-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00365-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma","authors":"A. Mikulasova, G. Morgan, B. Walker","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00374-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00374-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"8 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Chaker, S. Razvi, I. Benseñor, Fereidoun Azizi, Elizabeth N Pearce, R. Peeters
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Hypothyroidism","authors":"L. Chaker, S. Razvi, I. Benseñor, Fereidoun Azizi, Elizabeth N Pearce, R. Peeters","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00373-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00373-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46823915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do no harm: addressing the environmental impact of health care","authors":"F. Mortimer, D. Pencheon","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00372-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00372-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44178725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of tranexamic acid in trauma - a life-saving drug with proven benefit.","authors":"Ian Roberts, Francois-Xavier Ageron","doi":"10.1038/s41572-022-00367-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00367-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"8 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":81.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9149252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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