{"title":"Wearables and women's healthtech: advancing measurement, monitoring and action via digital medicine.","authors":"Bola Grace, Lauren A Wise","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00710-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-026-00710-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":76.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sven Vanneste, Dirk De Ridder, Silvano Gallus, Fatima T Husain, Tobias Kleinjung, Berthold Langguth, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Winfried Schlee, Anusha Yasoda-Mohan, Ana Belén Elgoyhen
{"title":"Tinnitus.","authors":"Sven Vanneste, Dirk De Ridder, Silvano Gallus, Fatima T Husain, Tobias Kleinjung, Berthold Langguth, Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Winfried Schlee, Anusha Yasoda-Mohan, Ana Belén Elgoyhen","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00702-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-026-00702-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tinnitus is the perception of sound without a corresponding external sound source. This condition affects approximately 14% of adults, with approximately 2% experiencing severe symptoms. Underlying mechanisms of tinnitus suggest involvement of both peripheral and central processes, in which cochlear injury and deafferentation may trigger maladaptive plasticity, increased central gain, and thalamocortical dysrhythmia, modulated by limbic and salience networks. Neuroinflammation, somatosensory-auditory coupling and other factors, such as stress, may contribute to chronicity. Clinical expression is heterogeneous. Tinnitus is often comorbid with hearing loss, hyperacusis, migraine, anxiety, depression, mild cognitive impairment, insomnia and temporomandibular disorders, influencing assessment and care. Diagnosis comprises distinguishing objective (including pulsatile) from subjective tinnitus, recognizing red flags (for example, pulse-synchronous tinnitus requiring vascular imaging), quantifying hearing with audiometry and screening for modulating somatic factors. Multimodal management can reduce the effect of tinnitus: tinnitus-focused counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy are first-line treatments, and hearing rehabilitation and targeted treatment of somatosensory contributors are valuable adjuncts. Moreover, emerging neuromodulation, including bimodal stimulation, benefits selected subgroups. New areas of research include biomarkers, deciphering tinnitus genetic architecture, inner ear regeneration, closed-loop neuromodulation and digital therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerry J Ressler, Barbara O Rothbaum, Paula P Schnurr, Elisabeth B Binder, Alisha Moreland-Capuia, Caroline M Nievergelt, Karestan C Koenen, Soraya Seedat, Arieh Shalev, Charles R Marmar, Ronald C Kessler
{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Kerry J Ressler, Barbara O Rothbaum, Paula P Schnurr, Elisabeth B Binder, Alisha Moreland-Capuia, Caroline M Nievergelt, Karestan C Koenen, Soraya Seedat, Arieh Shalev, Charles R Marmar, Ronald C Kessler","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00701-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-026-00701-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive and debilitating psychiatric disorder that develops after exposure to a severe traumatic event. PTSD is characterized by intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic memories, avoidance of trauma reminders, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and changes in arousal and reactivity. PTSD is prevalent, with tens of millions of patients in the USA alone affected. The lifetime prevalence worldwide is estimated to be about 4-6%, but it can occur in up to 25-30% of people who experience severe psychological trauma, such as combat veterans, refugees and assault victims. PTSD is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, and it is a leading cause of suicide. PTSD also increases the risk of multiple medical problems including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. We review the epidemiology and diagnostic aspects of PTSD in adults, the mechanistic and neurobiological understanding of the syndrome - from neural circuitry to genetic mechanisms - as well as medication, psychotherapy and other trauma-informed treatment approaches to PTSD and trauma-related syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Roth, Minoti Apte, Vinod P Balachandran, Giulia Biffi, Thierry Conroy, Edna Cukierman, Efrat Dotan, Irene Esposito, Barbara T Grünwald, Miriam Klauß, Alison P Klein, Núria Malats, Eileen M O Reilly, Mike J Pishvaian, Francisco X Real, Dieter Saur, Jens T Siveke, Christoph W Michalski
{"title":"Pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Susanne Roth, Minoti Apte, Vinod P Balachandran, Giulia Biffi, Thierry Conroy, Edna Cukierman, Efrat Dotan, Irene Esposito, Barbara T Grünwald, Miriam Klauß, Alison P Klein, Núria Malats, Eileen M O Reilly, Mike J Pishvaian, Francisco X Real, Dieter Saur, Jens T Siveke, Christoph W Michalski","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00699-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-026-00699-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive biology and limited therapeutic success. Advances in multiagent chemotherapy have improved outcomes across disease stages, whereas precision medicine approaches are reshaping treatment paradigms. Personalized RNA vaccines and oncogenic KRAS-directed agents represent emerging immunological and molecular frontiers. Multimodal treatment regimens and surgical innovations, including vessel-oriented and minimally invasive techniques, have enhanced complete resection rates and enabled conversion of initially unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer into resectable disease. Increasingly, multidisciplinary, biology-guided strategies define resectability and the sequence of systemic and local therapies. The tumour microenvironment's complex stromal and immune ecology remains central to therapeutic resistance but also offers opportunities for rational combination therapy. Early detection and risk-adapted surveillance for high-risk individuals are advancing, as are artificial intelligence-assisted imaging and liquid biopsy approaches. Despite persistent challenges, the convergence of mechanistic insights, precision therapeutics and supportive care provides a framework for transforming pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from an inevitably lethal disease towards a better manageable condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David J Hackam, Neena Modi, Jan Hulscher, Elisabeth M W Kooi, Asuka Ishiyama
{"title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis.","authors":"David J Hackam, Neena Modi, Jan Hulscher, Elisabeth M W Kooi, Asuka Ishiyama","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00698-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-026-00698-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition that affects premature infants and remains one of the leading causes of death in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of NEC have changed minimally in the past 30 years, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the biological mechanisms of the disease, and a lack of treatment options. Importantly however, recent research advances have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC, resulting in a broader approach to diagnosis, prevention and treatment. In parallel, an increased understanding of the long-term complications of NEC has shed light on the importance of early decision-making for patients with this disease. This Primer includes insights from an international team of clinician-investigators from Europe, Asia and North America, which now seeks to answer some of the key questions in the NEC field, with a focus on understanding epidemiology, pathogenesis and optimal management, including the fact that many infants with NEC require surgery, and to understand the morbidity that survivors experience. We also highlight how the future care of patients with NEC is likely to include a sophisticated diagnostic approach that includes novel molecular and imaging analyses, leading to the precise delivery of targeted molecular and cellular therapies, so as to improve outcomes in infants with this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Franc Strle, Klemen Strle, Adriana Marques, Anna J Henningsson, Randi Eikeland, Jacob E Lemieux, Jean I Tsao, Paul S Mead, Gary P Wormser
{"title":"Author Correction: Lyme borreliosis.","authors":"Franc Strle, Klemen Strle, Adriana Marques, Anna J Henningsson, Randi Eikeland, Jacob E Lemieux, Jean I Tsao, Paul S Mead, Gary P Wormser","doi":"10.1038/s41572-026-00704-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41572-026-00704-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18910,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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