Tropical Drylands最新文献

{"title":"Short Communication: Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for genotype selection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)","authors":"Sherly Lapuimakuni, N. Khumaida, S. W. Ardie","doi":"10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020201","url":null,"abstract":"Lapuimakuni S, Khumaida N, Ardie SW. 2018. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for genotype selection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Trop Drylands 2: 37-40. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) is one of underutilized crop grown for its nutritious grain and its relative tolerance to drought stress. Although foxtail millet has been reported as to be relatively tolerant to drought stress, the drought tolerance level of this crop is varied between genotypes. Thus, breeding approaches to develop drought-tolerant foxtail millet variety is of great importance. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate several drought tolerance indices to determine one or more predictors among studied indices, and (ii) identify the drought tolerance level of the evaluated foxtail millet genotypes. Eight foxtail millet genotypes were planted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design and five replications under both drought and normal watering conditions. Staggered planting was applied to synchronize flowering time. Water was withheld for 15 days during the flowering period, and then plants were re-watered until harvest time. Multiple indices for drought tolerance were calculated based on the potential yield (Yp) under non-stress and yield (Ys) under stress conditions. Based on the correlation, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, yield index (YI) and harmonic mean (HM) were considered the best indices for the selection of drought-tolerant foxtail millet genotypes. By using the best indices, two foxtail millet genotypes (ICERI-5 and ICERI-6) were considered as drought tolerant genotypes.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132801582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the rates of thiocyanate in treated and untreated red and brown finger millet (Eleusine coracana) cultivated in Mogotio Area, Baringo County, Kenya","authors":"S. Chebet, M. Nawiri, J. Murungi","doi":"10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020105","url":null,"abstract":"Chebet SJ, Nawiri M, Murungi J. 2018. Assessment of the rates of thiocyanate in treated and untreated red and brown finger millet (Eleusine coracana) cultivated in Mogotio Area, Baringo County, Kenya. Trop Drylands 2: 28-34. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a significant African primary diet plant in the tropics. The plant has a content of cyanogenic glycosides which can be easily altered to thiocyanate by glycosidases and sulfur transferase enzymes found in the plant or in the animal tissues. Thiocyanate impedes the absorption of iodine by the iodide pump of the thyroid gland which is then acted as a goitrogen. This goitrogen gives pressure on thyroid function causing goiter. People of Mogotio usually cultivated the red and brown varieties of finger millet. Therefore, to ascertain the rate of thiocyanate in treated and untreated finger millet in the region to collect information that will be used to address goiter was significant. The rates of thiocyanate were examined from the finger millet in the form of desiccated, germinated or immersed beans, or in the form of fresh, fermented or cooked flour. The green and desiccated leaves of the plant were also examined for thiocyanate. Samples of the red and brown varieties of finger millet were arbitrarily picked out from the cultivators in the area. Thiocyanate content was examined utilizing UV-VIS spectrophotometric detection. ANOVA and independent T-test were utilized to analyzed data. SNK test was utilized to do the separation of means. The rates of thiocyanate content in the red finger millet were between 43.48±1.56 to 4.28±0.5 mg/kg with the highest rates was in fresh desiccated beans followed by germinated ones and the lowest rates was in cooked flour. While in the brown finger millet, it was between 53.30±0.78 to 4.96±0.40 mg/kg with the highest rates was in germinated beans and the lowest rates were in cooked flour. Green leaves hold 31.69±0.71 mg/kg while the desiccated ones hold 8.80±0.14 mg/kg. The results showed significant dissimilarities between the rates in the beans and that of in the flour (p< 0.001). They also showed that the thiocyanate content in finger millet samples was within the recommended rates (100 mg/kg), but the frequency of intake may still give a risk on health. Therefore, it is suggested to encourage the cooking of finger millet before processing as this decreases thiocyanate rates.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116385190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance response of fifteen sweet potato genotypes to scab disease (Sphaceloma batatas) in two growing sites in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Mau","doi":"10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020102","url":null,"abstract":"Mau YS. 2018. Resistance response of fifteen sweet potato genotypes to scab disease (Sphaceloma batatas) in two growing sites in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 2: 5-11. Field experiments were carried out in two growing locations involving potential sweet potato clones from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia to: (i) evaluate scab resistance levels of the sweet potato clones, and (ii) identify sweet potato clones with good resistance level to scab disease. The experiment was carried out in the fields employing a Randomized Block Design with a mono-factorial treatment design in each location. The treatment assigned was sweet potato genotype, each consisted of two replicates. The variables observed were disease severity that was assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after inoculation (WAI), which then was used to calculate the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) of the disease severity. The ANOVA of AUDPC was used to determine the treatment effect, and the disease severity at 8 WAI was used to assess scab resistance level of the sweet potato genotypes tested. The study results showed highly significant differences of disease severities among the tested sweet potato genotypes within each trial location. The majority of the genotypes tested were classified \"resistant\" or \"moderately resistant\" to scab disease, except the check clone SLM-01 and KRA-01 that were, respectively, \"susceptible\" and \"moderately susceptible\" to scab disease. The majority of sweet potato genotypes evaluated were consistent in their resistance performance in the two trial locations.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121741798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of edaphic factors on bamboo population in Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sofiah, Dede Setiadi, D. Widyatmoko","doi":"10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020103","url":null,"abstract":"Sofiah S, Setiadi D, Widyatmoko D. 2018. The Influence of Edaphic Factors on Bamboo Population in Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park, Pasuruan, East Java. Trop Drylands 2: 12-17. There are 1250 bamboo species in the world, an estimated 161 of them are in Indonesia. Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park (MBNTP) is one of the bamboo forests located in a conservation area in East Java. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of edaphic factors on the growth of bamboo. This research was carried out from September 2011 to May 2012. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between edaphic components and bamboo occurrences. Seven species of bamboo were found in MBNTP, namely, Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Schizostachyum iraten, Gigantochloa atter, Gigantochloa apus, and Dinochloa matmat. The edaphic factors affected the presence of bamboo in MBNTP. Phosphor (P) is one of the edaphic factors which contributes significantly to B. blumeana, B. vulgaris, D. asper and S. iraten presence in MBNTP. These bamboos grow in soil with high P levels of up to 27 ppm. The existence of G. apus was influenced by Manganese (Mn) and Sodium (Na) elements. This bamboo in this area was more commonly found in soil environments with low levels of Na (< 0.02 (cmol (+) kg-1)) and Mn (≤ 24 ppm). The species of bamboo with the densest population in Mount Baung, namely B. blumeana, was influenced by environment factor, i.e., the slope. Each bamboo has its own uniqueness in its growth. G. apus and G. atter populations were affected by solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"14 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114035937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Tilahun Sisay","doi":"10.13057/tropdrylands/t020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/tropdrylands/t020104","url":null,"abstract":"Sisay T. 2018. Review: Agriculture-industry linkage and technology adoption in Ethiopia: Challenges and opportunities. Trop Drylands 2: 18-27. High rate of agricultural growth has far-reaching positive implications for economic development of low-income countries in terms of increasing employment and accelerating poverty reduction. For Ethiopia to achieve middle-income status by 2025 and make substantial inroads against food insecurity, concerted and strategic investment and strategic choices in the agricultural sector are vital. Agricultural linkage encloses generating and transferring agricultural technologies to enhance productivity, reduce loss, and improve the livelihoods of beneficiaries as well as the country’s economy. The objective of this paper was to review the current status of linkage between agriculture-industry actors, extent of technology adoption system, challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia. The result of the review study shows that different factors are constraining the system. Most of the agriculture industry linkage and technologies promoted through the extension system and adoption levels are far below the possible expectation in the country. Agriculture research industries lack effective mechanisms of transferring their technologies to the end users, inadequate technological skilled manpower, poor market linkage between technology multiplication enterprises and technology users, lack of responsible body to transfer technology were the major challenges in Ethiopia. Factors constraining the linkage between stakeholders and technology adoption level of Universities, TEVTs, agriculture Research institutions and agriculture sector are wide ranging from poor linkage between stakeholders and weak involvement of professionals are among the main problems that constraining the system. Weak link between research, education, and extension and the contact of these organizations have with farmers is among the main bottlenecks in agricultural technology development, adoption level. Therefore, strong University and Research-industry linkage is needed in the country.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil","authors":"Y. Benggu, E. Nguru","doi":"10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/TROPDRYLANDS/T020101","url":null,"abstract":"Benggu YI, Nguru ESO. 2018. The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil. Trop Drylands 2: 1-4. A study aimed to determine the level of tolerance of local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts to saline soil had been conducted in the experimental field and soil chemistry laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Nusa Cendana, from June to October 2016. The study was designed in a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. The first factor was the variety of sorghum, consisting of three levels: local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua, local sorghum from Belu, Numbu variety. The second factor was the salinity levels of Vertisol, composed of five levels, i.e., 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mmos.cm-1. Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering date, and seed dry weight. Analysis of variance was conducted followed by Tukey test (5%). The result showed that there was an interaction effect between sorghum variety and salinity level of soil on all variables observed. In general, all varieties of sorghum grew normally with soil salinity level ranged from 0 to 8 mmos.cm-1. At salinity level of 8 to 12 mmos.cm-1, seedlings grew for a few weeks then gradually wilted and died. Local sorghum from Belu and Numbu variety were semi or moderate tolerant to salinity while local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua was sensitive.","PeriodicalId":188395,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Drylands","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129320407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}