{"title":"Editorial: Reflections on the Impact of Molecular Endocrinology on a Scientific Career.","authors":"D. DeFranco","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10 1","pages":"1025-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66016827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Final Musings on the Impact of Molecular Endocrinology.","authors":"S. Hammes","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10 1","pages":"1027-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66016878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on the Merger of Molecular Endocrinology and Endocrinology.","authors":"E. B. Thompson","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"105 1","pages":"1019-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66016840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Reflections on the Demise of Molecular Endocrinology and the Future of Molecular Hormone Action Research.","authors":"A. Means","doi":"10.1210/ME.2016-1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/ME.2016-1131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10 1","pages":"1021-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/ME.2016-1131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66016430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Origins of the Field of Molecular Endocrinology: A Personal Perspective.","authors":"B. O’Malley","doi":"10.1210/ME.2016-1132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/ME.2016-1132","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of the 20th century, endocrinology was a physiological discipline that was based on the assumption that a limited number of hormones exist and that a hormone is produced and released from one organ and travels to a distant site(s) to impart a select hormonal physiology. Very little research was done on the mechanism of action of these hormones (1). In the intervening decades, the field of endocrinology experienced an explosion of growth with the realization that hundreds of hormones exist, many still to be recognized, and that they exert their diverse molecular regulatory actions in cells to also effect numerous paracrine and autocrine physiologies and pathologies. Within this experimental and temporal framework, the field of molecular endocrinology was born.","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10 1","pages":"1015-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/ME.2016-1132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66016471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kinga Wrobel, Yiru Chen Zhao, Eylem Kulkoyluoglu, Karen Lee Ann Chen, Kadriye Hieronymi, Jamie Holloway, Sarah Li, Tania Ray, Partha Sarathi Ray, Yosef Landesman, Alexander Edward Lipka, Rebecca Lee Smith, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
{"title":"ERα-XPO1 Cross Talk Controls Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Tumors by Altering ERK5 Cellular Localization.","authors":"Kinga Wrobel, Yiru Chen Zhao, Eylem Kulkoyluoglu, Karen Lee Ann Chen, Kadriye Hieronymi, Jamie Holloway, Sarah Li, Tania Ray, Partha Sarathi Ray, Yosef Landesman, Alexander Edward Lipka, Rebecca Lee Smith, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1101","DOIUrl":"10.1210/me.2016-1101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most breast cancer deaths occur in women with recurrent, estrogen receptor (ER)-α(+), metastatic tumors. There is a critical need for therapeutic approaches that include novel, targetable mechanism-based strategies by which ERα (+) tumors can be resensitized to endocrine therapies. The objective of this study was to validate a group of nuclear transport genes as potential biomarkers to predict the risk of endocrine therapy failure and to evaluate the inhibition of XPO1, one of these genes as a novel means to enhance the effectiveness of endocrine therapies. Using advanced statistical methods, we found that expression levels of several of nuclear transport genes including XPO1 were associated with poor survival and predicted recurrence of tamoxifen-treated breast tumors in human breast cancer gene expression data sets. In mechanistic studies we showed that the expression of XPO1 determined the cellular localization of the key signaling proteins and the response to tamoxifen. We demonstrated that combined targeting of XPO1 and ERα in several tamoxifen-resistant cell lines and tumor xenografts with the XPO1 inhibitor, Selinexor, and tamoxifen restored tamoxifen sensitivity and prevented recurrence in vivo. The nuclear transport pathways have not previously been implicated in the development of endocrine resistance, and given the need for better strategies for selecting patients to receive endocrine modulatory reagents and improving therapy response of relapsed ERα(+) tumors, our findings show great promise for uncovering the role these pathways play in reducing cancer recurrences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10","pages":"1029-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34314496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Estrogen Receptor α-Cistrome Beyond Breast Cancer.","authors":"Marjolein Droog, Mark Mensink, Wilbert Zwart","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although many tissues express estrogen receptor (ER)α, most studies focus on breast cancer where ERα occupies just a small fraction of its total repertoire of potential DNA-binding sites, based on sequence. This raises the question: Can ERα occupy these other potential binding sites in a different context? Ligands, splice variants, posttranslational modifications, and acquired mutations of ERα affect its conformation, which may alter chromatin interactions. To date, literature describes the DNA-binding sites of ERα (the ERα cistrome) in breast, endometrium, liver, and bone, in which the receptor mainly binds to enhancers. Chromosomal boundaries provide distinct areas for dynamic gene regulation between tissues, where the usage of enhancers deviates. Interactions of ERα with enhancers and its transcriptional complex depend on the proteome, which differs per cell type. This review discusses the biological variables that influence ERα cistromics, using reports from human specimens, cell lines, and mouse tissues, to assess whether ERα genomics in breast cancer can be translated to other tissue types.</p>","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10","pages":"1046-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34729760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphorylation of Farnesoid X Receptor at Serine 154 Links Ligand Activation With Degradation.","authors":"Takuyu Hashiguchi, Shingo Arakawa, Shogo Takahashi, Frank J Gonzalez, Tatsuya Sueyoshi, Masahiko Negishi","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparison of 11 human nuclear receptor amino acid sequences revealed a conserved phosphorylation motif within their DNA-binding domains as an intramolecular signal that regulates proteolytic degradation. Nuclear receptors use this signal to either degrade or proscribe degradation through either the proteasome or nonproteasome pathways. A phosphomimetic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) S154D mutant neither bound to nor trans-activated an FXR-response element-driven reporter gene and was rapidly degraded in COS-1 cells. Ectopically expressed FXR had increased Ser154 phosphorylation in COS-1 cells after ligand treatment, and knock-down of the nuclear vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) greatly reduced this phosphorylation. FXR was phosphorylated at Ser154 in the nucleus of centrilobular hepatocytes only in ligand-treated mice. Thus, FXR Ser154 phosphorylation is a rheostat for activation and subsequent degradation that controls receptor levels and activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10","pages":"1070-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34344033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vini Nagaraj, Abdulla S Kazim, Johan Helgeson, Clemens Lewold, Satadal Barik, Pawel Buda, Thomas M Reinbothe, Stefan Wennmalm, Enming Zhang, Erik Renström
{"title":"Elevated Basal Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Caused by Reduced Plasma Membrane Cholesterol.","authors":"Vini Nagaraj, Abdulla S Kazim, Johan Helgeson, Clemens Lewold, Satadal Barik, Pawel Buda, Thomas M Reinbothe, Stefan Wennmalm, Enming Zhang, Erik Renström","doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated basal insulin secretion under fasting conditions together with insufficient stimulated insulin release is an important hallmark of type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms controlling basal insulin secretion remain unclear. Membrane rafts exist in pancreatic islet cells and spatially organize membrane ion channels and proteins controlling exocytosis, which may contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion. Membrane rafts (cholesterol and sphingolipid containing microdomains) were dramatically reduced in human type 2 diabetic and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat islets when compared with healthy islets. Oxidation of membrane cholesterol markedly reduced microdomain staining intensity in healthy human islets, but was without effect in type 2 diabetic islets. Intriguingly, oxidation of cholesterol affected glucose-stimulated insulin secretion only modestly, whereas basal insulin release was elevated. This was accompanied by increased intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> spike frequency and Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and explained by enhanced single Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel activity. These results suggest that the reduced presence of membrane rafts could contribute to the elevated basal insulin secretion seen in type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18812,"journal":{"name":"Molecular endocrinology","volume":"30 10","pages":"1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1210/me.2016-1023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34376519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}