{"title":"Shared-risk link group (SRLG)-diverse path provisioning under hybrid service level agreements in wavelength-routed optical mesh networks: formulation and solution approaches","authors":"Lu Shen, Xi Yang, B. Ramamurthy","doi":"10.1117/12.533306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533306","url":null,"abstract":"The static provisioning problem in wavelength-routed optical networks has been studied for many years. However, service providers are still facing the challenges arising from the special requirements for provisioning services at the optical layer. In this paper, we incorporate some realistic constraints into the static provisioning problem, and formulate it under different network resource availability conditions. We consider three classes of shared risk link group (SRLG)-diverse path protection schemes: dedicated, shared, and unprotected. We associate with each connection request a lightpath length constraint and a revenue value. When the network resources are not sufficient to accommodate all the connection requests, the static provisioning problem is formulated as a revenue maximization problem, whose objective is maximizing the total revenue value. When the network has sufficient resources, the problem becomes a capacity minimization problem with the objective of minimizing the number of used wavelength-links. We give integer linear programming (ILP) formulations for these problems. Because solving these ILP problems is extremely time consuming, we propose a tabu search heuristic to solve these problems within a reasonable time. Experimental results are presented to compare the solutions obtained by an ILP solver, the tabu search heuristic and a divide-and-conquer greedy heuristic.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122103248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Madhyastha, N. Srinivas, G. Chowdhary, C. Murthy
{"title":"Grooming of multicast sessions in WDM ring networks","authors":"H. Madhyastha, N. Srinivas, G. Chowdhary, C. Murthy","doi":"10.1117/12.533147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533147","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the problem of routing and wavelength assignment of multicast sessions with subwavelength traffic demands. We consider this problem in the scenario of WDM ring networks. In order to support multicasting, individual nodes need to have the capability to duplicate traffic. We consider two different node architectures which perform the duplication in optical and electronic domain, respectively. As traffic duplication at the electronic level is much more expensive than the optical alternative, we study the problem of assigning routes and wavelengths to the multicast sessions so as to minimize electronic copying. The solution to this problem can be divided into three phases -- (1) routing of multicast sessions, (2) construction of circles by grouping non-overlapping arcs and (3) grouping these circles onto wavelengths. We propose a heuristic algorithm which implements the routing as well as circle construction phases simultaneously and then groups the circles. We present extensive simulation results to show that our approach leads to much lesser equipment cost than that obtained by routing each multicast session along its minimum spanning tree and then using the best known heuristic for circle construction.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bouabdallah, L. Ciavaglia, E. Dotaro, N. Le‐Sauze
{"title":"Matching fairness and performance by preventive traffic control in optical multiple access networks","authors":"N. Bouabdallah, L. Ciavaglia, E. Dotaro, N. Le‐Sauze","doi":"10.1117/12.533832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533832","url":null,"abstract":"We present and evaluate a novel protocol of traffic control that aims at solving the fairness issue typical of shared medium networks such as metropolitan rings. The proposed solution called TCARD (Traffic Control Architecture using Remote Descriptors) is based on a preventive mechanism to grant access to the resource -- i.e. free bandwidth is preserved by a node according to the traffic requirements from the other network nodes. A review of the existing methods used to manage fairness in ring networks is done and points out their inherent problems (performance issues, resource wastage or inadequacy). In contrast, we show how the new protocol addresses the above limitations, notably through a performance evaluation study. The major conclusion is the ability to avoid the degradation in performances and the resource sub-utilization while achieving fairness within the network.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127932593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms in EPON: a simulation study","authors":"D. Nikolova, B. Van Houdt, C. Blondia","doi":"10.1117/12.533543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533543","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON, which makes use of the Multipoint Control Protocol (MPCP) with threshold reporting and with inter- and intra-ONU priority scheduling. Three varieties of this algorithm are compared, by means of a detailed simulation program, regarding average packet delay for several priorities, delay variation for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic and bandwidth utilization. We show that by introducing a specific intra-ONU priority scheduling algorithm, which takes the reported values into account, the bandwidth can be fully utilized. However, this scheduling algorithm causes an increased packet delay and delay variation for CBR traffic. In order to eliminate this drawback, we combine this scheduling algorithm with a rate-based scheme for the highest priority (CBR) traffic. This combined algorithm provides an interesting tradeoff between the efficiency, which is still near to the optimal, and the delay characteristics of time critical applications. Finally, we also include a comparison with a standard intra-ONU priority scheme.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of ingress buffering on self-similarity of optical burst traffic","authors":"Rui Huang, G. Záruba","doi":"10.1117/12.533525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533525","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, optical burst switching and aggregated optical packet switching have gained significant exposure as possible future mechanisms for routing aggregated IP traffic over all-optical core networks. However, the limited buffering capacity in all-optical networks presents a major challenge, as current IP traffic displays strong self-similar properties. Reducing the burst loss rate of such long-range dependent traffic can be costly requiring a significant increase in either the network bandwidth or the buffer size of optical cross connects. In this paper, we revisit the possibility of using buffers to reduce self-similarity before the traffic is routed onto the all-optical core. The aim of this paper is to increase the understanding of the effect of packet/burst aggregation on the self-similarity measure of the traffic. In particular, we implement a simple burst assembly mechanism with two parameters, the maximum burst length L and the maximum burst delay d, so that incoming traffic is smoothed with a guaranteed delay bound. Unlike previous works, we simulate the burst assembler using more realistic input traffic sources, and analyze the results using both R/S plot and discrete wavelet analysis methods. Our detailed results show that buffering indeed reduces traffic self-similarity (an area of research controversy) when parameters L and d are set appropriately.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121901888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic weights for OCSPF route computation in optical networks","authors":"Bart Rousseau, F. Poppe, D. Papadimitriou","doi":"10.1117/12.533522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533522","url":null,"abstract":"In current routing algorithms for wavelength switched optical transport networks, based on the Open Constrained Shortest Path First (OCSPF) concept, the effects of traffic dynamicity (the fact that lightpaths (a.k.a. optical connections or optical LSPs) are continuously being set-up and torn down) are not taken into account. Therefore, in this study four new link metrics are proposed, each of which could be used to replace the current metrics being used. Two metrics are based on the average load ρ on a link during a given timeframe. Two other metrics are based on an estimate of the number of setup requests nbr that will be blocked during the lifetime of the lightpath that is being set up. It is shown that the former two link metrics (i.e. those based on ρ) significantly reduce the blocking probability compared to the case in which a constant link metric is used. The latter two metrics (i.e. those based on nbr) however perform only slightly better or even worse than the original algorithm. In addition, it is observed that by taking into account the traffic dynamicity using the average load on a link, the amount of sustainable demand can be increased by about 10% for a given blocking probability.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122161425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploiting forcer structure to serve uncertain demands and minimize redundancy of p-cycle networks","authors":"G. Shen, W. Grover","doi":"10.1117/12.533178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533178","url":null,"abstract":"We study the forcer concept in the context of p-cycle based networks. A simple but efficient forcer analysis method is proposed specifically for span-restorable networks in general. Besides identifying forcers, the method is also capable of exploiting extra servable working channels given an initial network spare capacity budget designed for pre-existing working capacities. We find that a large number of extra working channels can be served with no increase in the pre-planned spare capacity budget. This attribute of p-cycle protected networks can be used to enhance their ability to serve unforeseen demand patterns or provide an expanded envelope of protected working capacity within which dynamic demand is servable without blocking due to exceeding the protected working capacity limits.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122031038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orthogonal spatial coding in indoor wireless optical link reducing power and bandwidth requirements","authors":"Y. Alqudah, M. Kavehrad","doi":"10.1117/12.533320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533320","url":null,"abstract":"Although uniform distribution of optical power is one of the main requirements for multi-access support in a wireless optical link, Multi Spot Diffusing Configuration (MSDC) provides uniformity along with spatial independence that allows spatial diversity techniques over the link. Independent spatial channels are generated by a multibeam transmitter producing spatially confined diffusing spots, and a multibranch receiver with narrow field-of-view branches. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal spatial coding technique that utilizes the independence of channels to reduce power and bandwidth requirements. The technique is based on treating the m channels between a transmitter and a receiver as an m-dimensional space. Thus, enabling data transmission through varying signal level and its location in space. Our study shows that using 8 channels, the proposed technique enables transmission at rates 10 and 12 times higher than combining when power per channel and user are constrained, respectively.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134336217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multicast traffic grooming in WDM networks","authors":"A. Kamal, R. Ul-Mustafa","doi":"10.1117/12.533163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of grooming multicast traffic in WDM networks, with arbitrary mesh topologies. The problem is different from grooming of unicast traffic, since traffic can be delivered to destinations through other destinations in the same set, or through branching points. The paper presents an optimal Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation in order to minimize the cost of the network in terms of the number of SONET Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADM). The formulation also minimizes the number of wavelength channels used in the network, and does not allow bifurcation of traffic. Since the ILP formulation is able to solve limited size problems, the paper also introduces a heuristic approach to solve the problem.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125858798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Load balancing using adaptive alternate routing in IP-over-WDM optical burst switching networks","authors":"Jing Li, M. Gurusamy, K. Chua","doi":"10.1117/12.533537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533537","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the issue of dynamic load balancing in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based optical burst switching (OBS) networks. We propose a load balancing scheme based on adaptive alternate routing whose objective is to reduce burst loss through load balancing. The key idea of adaptive alternate routing is to reduce network congestion by adaptively distributing the load between two pre-determined link-disjoint alternative paths based on the measurement of the impact of traffic load on each of them. Through extensive simulation experiments for different traffic scenarios, we show that the proposed dynamic load balancing algorithms outperforms the shortest path routing and static alternate routing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":187370,"journal":{"name":"OptiComm: Optical Networking and Communications Conference","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124661020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}