{"title":"Hijacking an insulin pump: Security attacks and defenses for a diabetes therapy system","authors":"Chunxiao Li, A. Raghunathan, N. Jha","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026732","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable and implantable medical devices are being increasingly deployed to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy for a range of medical conditions. Unlike other classes of electronics and computing systems, security attacks on these devices have extreme consequences and must, therefore, be analyzed and prevented with utmost effort. Yet, very little work exists on this important topic and the security vulnerabilities of such systems are not well understood. We demonstrate security attacks that we have implemented in the laboratory on a popular glucose monitoring and insulin delivery system available on the market, and also propose defenses against such attacks. Continuous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems are becoming increasingly popular among patients with diabetes. These systems utilize wireless communication links, which are frequently utilized as a portal to launch security attacks. Our study shows that both passive attacks (eavesdropping of the wireless communication) and active attacks (impersonation and control of the medical devices to alter the intended therapy) can be successfully launched using public-domain information and widely available off-the-shelf hardware. The proposed attacks can compromise both the privacy and safety of patients. We propose two possible defenses against such attacks. One is based on rolling-code cryptographic protocols, and the other is based on body-coupled communication. Our security analysis shows that the proposed defenses have the potential to mitigate the security risks associated with personal healthcare systems.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129910353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tawfik, K. Kochendorfer, D. Saparova, Said Al Ghenaimi, Joi L. Moore
{"title":"Using semantic search to reduce cognitive load in an electronic health record","authors":"A. Tawfik, K. Kochendorfer, D. Saparova, Said Al Ghenaimi, Joi L. Moore","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026739","url":null,"abstract":"As electronic health records (EHRs) become more prevalent in health care further research is needed to understand the efficacy within clinical contexts from a human-computer interaction viewpoint. Participants (N=10) were given two authentic scenarios that required users to search for patient information. In the first scenario, participants responded to a patient-specific information need as they normally would. In the second scenario, participants were given a semantic search tool that indexed terms within a patient EHR. Upon completion, participants were then asked questions in a semi-structured interview about current usage of the EHR. Statistically significant results revealed that participants were able to more efficiently navigate through an EHR in terms of time (semantic search M=140 vs. browsing M=239 seconds) and number of clicks (semantic search M=11 vs. browsing M=35). This study suggests that semantic search capabilities may be a good way to reduce cognitive load within clinical settings for similar patient-specific information needs.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"530 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the user requirements for wearable healthcare systems","authors":"Yao Meng, Heung-Kook Choi, Hee-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026790","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable healthcare systems are a promising and topical area, which opens up new potentials in health and fitness. Like any other information and communication technology in its infancy, one of the major problems concerning these systems is the user acceptance. The aim of the paper is to include the notion of user-centered systems design in the context of wearable healthcare systems. Among various factors affecting user acceptance, this paper discusses eleven critical user requirements that wearable healthcare systems should satisfy.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"47 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133008159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semantic models for ranking medical images using Dirichlet non-parametric mixture models","authors":"Adrian S. Barb, C. Shyu","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026776","url":null,"abstract":"With recent advances in diagnostic medical imaging, huge quantities of medical images are produced and stored in digital image repositories. While these repositories are difficult to be analyzed manually by medical experts, they can be evaluated using computer-based methods to enrich the process of decision making. For example, query by image methods can be used by medical experts for differential diagnosis by displaying previously evaluated cases that contain similar visual patterns. Also, less experienced practitioners can benefit from query-by-semantic methods in training processes especially for difficult-to-interpret cases with multiple pathologies. In this article we develop a methodology for ranking medical images based on Dirichlet process nonparametric distributions. Our approach uses natural groupings of images in a generated feature space to evaluate associative semantic mappings. Relevant semantic mappings are then used to generate additive computer models of semantic understanding of visual patterns found in images. We evaluate the performance of our method using mean average precision and precision-recall charts.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116504665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pa2Pa: Patient to patient communication for emergency response support","authors":"Abdelmajid Khelil","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026755","url":null,"abstract":"Usually, first responders estimate the medical needs in mass casualties scenarios from subjective observations gathered through uncoordinated emergency calls from non-experts in the incident location. Accordingly, they command specific teams to move to the location. At arrival the teams make local measurements, based on which they rank the priorities of patients, and give local treatments or decide to transport them to a specific hospital. Nevertheless the advances in the measurement of vital signs, still the human estimation may be error prone and not-in-time since usually the ratio of first responders to casualties can reach one to hundreds or even thousands in some cases. In this paper, we present a novel method to rank the urgency level of mass casualties through a localized ad-hoc sensor network and localized Real-Time (RT) sensor data processing. Our approach is based on plain patient to patient communication without relying on the existence of first responders nor a communication infrastructure. This allows for the first time to classify, rank and schedule casualties without experts in the loop. The casualties, the responders and the administration gains are very compelling.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126290613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CA-MAC: A Hybrid context-aware MAC protocol for wireless body area networks","authors":"Bin Liu, Zhisheng Yan, C. Chen","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026748","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless body area network (WBAN), various data sources are generated by different type of sensors and transmitted to the master node, which may result in temporally different traffic loads. With time-varying channel caused by frequent body movement, transmitted data may also experience deep fading and packet loss. To meet the complex transmission requirements in WBAN, a traffic-aware and channel-aware MAC protocol is required. In this paper, we introduce CA-MAC, a context-aware MAC protocol using a hybrid of contention-based and TDMA-based approaches. A dynamic control mechanism is proposed to address fading channel by adaptively modifying MAC frame structure. Schedule-based and polling-based techniques are also used to manage periodic, bursty, and emergency traffic requirement. Simulation results confirm the advantage of CA-MAC on reliability over existing TDMA-based approach.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122048801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marzencki, P. Lin, T. Cho, J. Guo, B. Ngai, B. Kaminska, Simon Fraser
{"title":"Remote health, activity, and asset monitoring with wireless sensor networks","authors":"M. Marzencki, P. Lin, T. Cho, J. Guo, B. Ngai, B. Kaminska, Simon Fraser","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026796","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of personnel and assets in harsh or remote environments is a great challenge both from the organizational and the technical points of view. Usually, significant infrastructure investments and highly trained personnel are required. We propose a system that employs a wireless mesh sensor network to provide the communication backbone for stationary and wearable sensors. The sensor network is interfaced with a PC application through a TCP/IP connection, which allows for remote control along with data visualization and storage. The proposed system is reliable, inexpensive, rapidly deployable by minimally qualified personnel, automatically reconfigurable, and completely autonomous. It provides simultaneous monitoring of environmental and personal health and activity data and the capability of combining both for improved situation assessment. We discuss the proposed architecture and present an example system built to demonstrate the efficacy of this concept.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129504547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tyrer, M. Aud, R. Neelgund, U. Shriniwar, Krishna Kishor Devarakonda
{"title":"Evolution of an eldercare technology system to monitor motion and detect falls","authors":"H. Tyrer, M. Aud, R. Neelgund, U. Shriniwar, Krishna Kishor Devarakonda","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026733","url":null,"abstract":"Falls are a major cause of injuries in the elderly, and in some cases, these injuries may be fatal. We are developing a system to monitor the elderly and detect falls. We used a novel technique of signal scavenging to detect presence of the person. Aluminum foil sensors on two faux floor, one sized 1m × 1m (3feet × 3feet) and the other 2.3m × 1m (7feet × 3feet) provided a signal when activated by steeping on the foil. The noisy sensor signal was conditioned and converted into digital format, the digital signal was interfaced to a micro-controller and displayed on a PC. Graphical analysis with ROC space and personal experience with utilization of the faux floor system gave us confidence to develop a full size floor, 3.6m × 3.6m (12feet × 12feet). The results obtained on both floor showed a high degree of sensitivity, with low false positive and false negative rates. Observed problems like cross-talk, noise interference and abrupt output behavior of the sensor system were avoided with careful manufacturing of the flooring. With the development of the full floor, we can create a prototype with high reliability, high accuracy to detect motion, and can be used for further research.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132965482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A side-effects mapping model in patients with lung, colorectal and breast cancer receiving chemotherapy","authors":"T. Mazzocco, A. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026777","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer treatments are now more effective than ever and, as a consequence, cancer is becoming a chronic disease. Chemotherapy is a frequently used treatment in people with cancer and it can cause a number of side-effects which if not properly managed could have a negative impact on the patients' quality of life. In this study, a sample of 56 patients receiving chemotherapy treatment for breast, colorectal and lung cancer is considered; each experienced side-effect is recorded during four consecutive treatment cycles (each lasting 14 days). Five of the most frequent side-effects (fatigue, nausea, mucositis, hand and foot sore, diarrhoea) are selected to build a comprehensive model which predicts the probability of experiencing a certain symptom on a specified day of each cycle of therapy. The computed accuracy of results shows that the newly proposed model has an enhanced predictive power compared to a state-of-the-art approach. The information gained from this study will help medical and nursing staff caring for such patients to more accurately predict the side-effects that patients will experience and therefore select appropriate help to minimise, whenever possible, the influence of those symptoms.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122170635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Uribe, Jhon F. Duitama, Natalia Gaviria Gómez
{"title":"Personalized message emission in a mobile application for supporting therapeutic adherence","authors":"J. A. Uribe, Jhon F. Duitama, Natalia Gaviria Gómez","doi":"10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HEALTH.2011.6026734","url":null,"abstract":"Often chronic patients fail to follow all the recommendations in their treatments. This affects their health and increases the costs associated with their care. To help these patients to follow their therapy this paper proposes a recall and guide system implemented on a mobile device. The system emits custom messages according to the patient's inferred mental state with the intention of persuading him to adhere to his medical prescriptions. To achieve personalization, the system uses ontologies to classify the messages and to model the user. When it is necessary to issue a reminder, the selection of the message is obtained by querying the relationships between the patient's current model and the discourse ontology.","PeriodicalId":187103,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129247118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}