Microbiology spectrum最新文献

{"title":"Humoral response dynamics following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and their association with subsequent infection and symptoms in individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: evidence from Sichuan Province, China.","authors":"Yunhan Yu, Mengmeng Jia, Jingchuan Zhong, Luzhao Feng, Xiaoman Jiang, Yanan Li, Qiangru Huang, Yuezhu Chen, Xinming Wang, Yong Yue, Li Guo, Xian Liang, Lili Ren, Weizhong Yang","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.02191-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.02191-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study integrated multisource longitudinal data with trajectory modeling to delineate the heterogeneity of humoral immune dynamics induced by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and their clinical implications for subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in 205 individuals from Sichuan Province, China. We found that preexisting infection status served as the dominant stratifier of antibody trajectory divergence across the cohort. Additionally, among individuals without prior infection before the vaccine cohort, we identified five distinct immune response patterns with clinical implications. An age-associated \"minimal response\" subtype was associated with an increased risk of prolonged recovery time, sore throat, and limb pain in subsequent infections. In contrast, a subtype characterized by a marked increase in S-Igs titers after the booster dose exhibited fewer symptoms, with a lower likelihood of experiencing fever and fatigue. What is more, for those with prior infection, clinical data-including viral shedding duration and total antibody levels 15 days after discharge from the initial infection-could provide valuable insights into the subsequent risk of reinfection.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>To better identify vulnerable populations in epidemic surveillance and predict their clinical manifestations post-infection for accurate diagnosis and effective management, it is vital to understand the intrinsic dynamic immune patterns among individuals and how these trajectory patterns relate to future infections and associated symptoms. In the post-COVID-19 era, conducting nuanced analyses remains of great significance, especially as longer-term observational data become available. This is the first finding from China that illustrates the dynamic characteristics of the immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination over an extended observation period, including information on following infection and symptoms. These data are particularly valuable as no participants experienced COVID-19 infection during the vaccine cohort follow-ups, meaning their antibody levels solely reflect the intrinsic dynamic immune patterns triggered by the inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0219124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding gene essentiality in <i>Streptococcus suis</i> using Tn-seq and genome-scale metabolic modeling.","authors":"Yaoqin Hong","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.01303-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.01303-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-throughput transposon mutagenesis methods, such as transposon sequencing, are powerful tools for genome-wide identification of essential and conditionally essential genes in bacterial pathogens. In a recent study, Y. Zhang, R.Gong, M.Liang, L.Zhang, et al. (Microbiol Spectr 13:e0279124, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02791-24) applied Himar1-based Tn-seq to <i>Streptococcus suis</i>, generating a relatively dense mutant library, in combination with genome-scale metabolic modeling, to identify 244 candidate essential genes. Aside from the well-characterized antibiotic targets, there are several novel candidates currently being explored for drug development against other critical pathogens, and a number of previously uncharacterized potential targets were uncovered in classical model organisms. The study highlights the value of high-throughput transposon mutagenesis and genome-scale metabolic modeling in a less-characterized zoonotic pathogen and contributes important genetic insights that may inform future antimicrobial strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0130325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of carbapenem-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Mbandaka through IS<i>26</i>-driven <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 mobilization and chromosomal structural variation.","authors":"Huijuan Song, Siyu Zou, Yue Wang, Zhongju Chen, Ziyong Sun, Cui Jian","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.00967-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.00967-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> serovar Mbandaka (<i>S</i>. Mbandaka) represents an emerging public health threat due to its remarkable genomic adaptability, involvement in multinational foodborne outbreaks, and the ability to establish persistent infections. Here, we report the first documented isolation of a carbapenem-resistant <i>S</i>. Mbandaka strain, a significant public health concern given the critical role of carbapenems in treating multidrug-resistant infections. Five clonal <i>S</i>. Mbandaka isolates were obtained from a single patient, with three isolates (SM_F22R, SM_F28R, and SM_B30R) exhibiting carbapenem resistance mediated by the <i>bla</i>_NDM-1. The comprehensive genomic analysis uncovered a 1,220 kb chromosomal inversion mediated by IS<i>26</i> through intramolecular replicative transposition (in <i>trans</i>), generating the SM_F28R and SM_B30R variants. Using S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and conjugation experiments, we demonstrated the transfer of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1: chromosomal localization in SM_F22R and plasmid-borne (IncC-type) carriage in SM_F28R and SM_B30R. Notably, the region carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 in both locations was flanked by IS<i>26</i> and completely identical, indicating that IS<i>26</i> may facilitate the transfer of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 between the chromosome and plasmid. Additionally, we detected the amplification of <i>mph(A</i>) on the chromosome and <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 on the IncC plasmid. The expression level of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 in SM_F22R was lower than that in SM_F28R and SM_B30R, consistent with SM_F22R exhibiting lower carbapenem resistance compared to SM_F28R and SM_B30R. This study reported the IS<i>26</i>-mediated transfer of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 between the chromosome and a plasmid in <i>S</i>. Mbandaka, highlighting the critical role of transposable elements in disseminating carbapenem resistance.IMPORTANCEAs a clinically significant foodborne pathogen, carbapenem-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its extensive antibiotic resistance. While <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 is conventionally plasmid-borne, our study elucidates its transfer between chromosomes and a conjugative IncC plasmid in <i>Salmonella</i>. Our findings demonstrate the pivotal involvement of IS<i>26</i> and IS<i>CR1</i> mobile genetic elements in orchestrating genomic rearrangements while concurrently mediating the horizontal transfer and subsequent amplification of antimicrobial resistance determinants. This study provides an important theoretical basis for an in-depth analysis of the horizontal transfer mechanism of bacterial resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0096725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> inhibits the growth and modulates the fitness, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Heidelberg <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Yasir R Khan, Lekshmi K Edison, Thomas Denagamage, Subhashinie Kariyawasam","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.03336-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.03336-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) are major foodborne pathogens primarily transmitted to humans through contaminated poultry products. Increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in NTS, including <i>Salmonella</i> Heidelberg (SH), has recently become a public health issue. Current control measures are inadequate, emphasizing the need for novel approaches to mitigate NTS colonization in poultry and contamination of poultry products. We hypothesized that commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> can reduce antibiotic-resistant NTS colonization in the chicken intestines by modulating the fitness, virulence, and AMR potential of <i>Salmonella</i>. To test this hypothesis, we co-cultured a commensal <i>E. coli</i> strain (EC47-1826) isolated from a commercial broiler chicken and an antibiotic-resistant SH strain (SH18-9079) isolated from the liver of a turkey and analyzed their transcriptomes using RNA-sequencing. Our analysis revealed 4,890 differentially expressed genes in SH when co-cultured with commensal <i>E. coli</i>. After filtering the expression data, we found 193 genes were significantly upregulated, while 202 genes were downregulated. Notably, several genes involved in bacterial growth, pathogenicity and virulence, biofilm formation, metal-ion homeostasis, signal transduction and chemotaxis, stress response, transmembrane transport of xenobiotics, and cellular metabolism were downregulated by as much as 86-folds in SH as compared to the control. Furthermore, this study revealed the downregulation of genes associated with AMR and drug efflux in SH by up to 12 folds. These findings highlight that commensal <i>E</i>. c<i>oli</i> may reduce the fitness, persistence, virulence, and AMR dissemination of SH, implying that <i>E. coli</i> strains could be utilized to mitigate antibiotic-resistant SH in poultry, ultimately enhancing food safety.IMPORTANCENTS, commonly transmitted to humans through contaminated poultry meat and eggs, is a frequent cause of foodborne illness. Augmenting the situation, foodborne outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant NTS have become an additional food safety and public health concern. Evaluation of growth changes and transcriptomic profiling of antibiotic-resistant SH and commensal <i>E. coli</i> in a mixed culture of the two will provide insights into the ability of commensal <i>E. coli</i> to reduce SH colonization of chicken intestines and the genes involved in that change. Our study showed that commensal <i>E. coli</i> significantly reduced antibiotic-resistant SH counts and expression of <i>Salmonella</i> genes, which play a vital role in their growth and persistence. This suggests the potential use of commensal <i>E. coli</i> to control antibiotic-resistant SH colonization in poultry, leading to improved food safety through reduced NTS contamination of foods of poultry origin and reduced dissemination of antibiotic-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> to humans via the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0333624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectivity duration of HCoV-OC43, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, in artificial bodily fluids on stainless steel simulating common nonporous surfaces.","authors":"William Furin, Lisa Tran-Basha, Olivia Yancey, Jonathan Edwards, Martinique Edwards, Carrie Whitworth, Geun Woo Park","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.01690-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.01690-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the infectivity and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces by enlisting human beta-coronavirus OC43 as a surrogate. This study evaluated its stability on nonporous stainless steel surfaces under two absolute humidity (AH) conditions when embedded in three mucin concentrations to mimic natural contamination with bodily fluids commonly occurring in healthcare environments.Stainless steel coupons were inoculated with OC43 in artificial saliva with mucin concentrations of 0%, 0.3%, and 3% (wt/vol) and held in a controlled environmental chamber at AH 14.4 g/m³ (26°C/57% relative humidity [RH]) and 3.04 g/m³ (18°C/20% RH) for up to 22 days. Three coupons at specific time points were selected, and each coupon eluate was serially diluted and incubated on HRT-18G cells in 96-well plates for 7 days. Cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cells was microscopically scored for remaining infectious titer using the TCID₅₀ method. Select CPE-negative wells were further assayed by RT-qPCR to confirm the presence of replicative virus and ensure viral infectivity.OC43 remained infectious up to 14, 3, and 2 days in high, low, and no mucin, respectively, at AH 14.4 g/m³ (26°C/57% RH). However, at AH 3.04 g/m³ (18°C/20% RH), OC43 remained infectious in all matrix types throughout the 22-day test.Our study demonstrates that mucin content in surface contaminants enhances OC43 stability on stainless steel surfaces at higher AH, while the protective effect of mucin is negligible at lower AH. Overall, our findings implicate that virus contamination on nonporous surfaces could present prolonged risk exposure to SARS-CoV-2 if left unmitigated.IMPORTANCEThis study will lead to a greater understanding of the impact of bodily fluids on survival and transmission risk of coronaviruses from fomites and is critical for developing effective infection control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0169024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals the host-microbe interactions on the dysbiosis of tissue microbiota in male genital lichen sclerosus-induced urethral strictures.","authors":"Zhenwei Yu, Zeyu Wang, Guangyu Mao, Juan Tang, Ruihang Zhang, Lujie Song, Xianjie Xiu","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.00074-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.00074-25","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Male genital lichen sclerosus-induced urethral stricture is a chronic inflammatory disease with significant microbiota dysbiosis. However, dysbiosis inside lesion tissue and its correlation with gene expression in male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) remain elusive. This study investigated the influence of host-microbe interactions on dysbiosis and differential gene expression in MGLSc. Microbiome and transcriptome sequencing were conducted using prepuce samples from 27 MGLSc patients and 17 controls. We also performed immunohistochemistry staining of bacterial markers on prepuce tissue from two cohorts. Furthermore, potential risk factor information available from the MGLSc clinical data was collected and correlated with the differential microbiota. Unclassified Muribaculaceae and &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; were enriched, while &lt;i&gt;Finegoldia magna&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Prevotella timonensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bacillus pumilus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Peptoniphilus harei&lt;/i&gt;, etc., were reduced in MGLSc tissues and decreased in gram-positive bacteria (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with immune activation, inflammatory response, innate immunity, and pathogen response. DEGs related to pathogen recognition, such as &lt;i&gt;TLR1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TLR2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TLR6&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;HLA-DOB&lt;/i&gt;, were upregulated (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis revealed MGLSc lesions enriched immune cells. Clinical correlation analysis indicated that differential microbota was negatively correlated with age (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and stricture grade (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and was positively correlated with total cholesterol levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), body mass index (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), and triglyceride levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Our study provides preliminary clues on host-microbe interactions in MGLSc development, suggesting that tissue dysbiosis may be associated with localized immune dysregulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study combined full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, transcriptome data, and clinical information from MGLSc patients to explore the relationships between host-microbe interactions and the development of tissue dysbiosis in MGLSc. Importantly, through staining for lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, as well as full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, we identified, for the first time, the presence of microorganisms distribution pattern in lichen sclerosus prepuce tissue. Significant differences in the abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae, &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Finegoldia magna&lt;/i&gt;, and other taxa were observed between the prepuce of MGLSc patients and controls. These differences were associated with altered gene expression in MGLSc patients, while the differential microbiota, in turn, influenced host gene expression. Although patterns of host-microbe interactions varied across populations, dysbiosis was linked to key clinical indicators in MGLSc patients. These findings provide valuable insights into the role o","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0007425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for Fang et al., \"L-glutamine protects against enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> infection by inhibiting bacterial virulence and enhancing host defense concurrently\".","authors":"Fang Fang, Yunxin Xue, Xuefang Xu, Dingli Fang, Weijia Liu, Ying Zhong, Jinping Han, Yunhe Li, Qian Tao, Rong Lu, Cong Ma, Arvind Kumar, Dai Wang","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.02369-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.02369-25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0236925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential olfactory dysfunction and nasal tissue pathology in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants.","authors":"Takeshi Saito, Marina Hosotani Saito, Rachel A Reyna, Satoshi Taniguchi, Kirsten E Littlefield, Rebecca Cook, Preston Underbrink, Amy Wang, Tomoko Makishima, Slobodan Paessler, Junki Maruyama","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.00755-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.00755-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, frequently induces olfactory dysfunction (OD), a symptom that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Understanding the variability in OD and nasal tissue pathology across different SARS-CoV-2 variants may provide insights as to the mechanisms underlying this symptom and inform therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related sequelae. This study examines the OD and associated nasal pathology in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Wuhan (WA-1), Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, at 5 days post-infection. Olfactory function was assessed using buried food detection tests. Hamsters infected with the WA-1, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants exhibited prolonged discovery times as compared to controls, indicating severe OD. In contrast, those infected with the Delta and Omicron variants showed minimal or mild delays. Pathological examination of the lateral turbinate (LT) revealed severe olfactory epithelial damage in WA-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variant infections, while the Omicron variant caused minimal damage. Viral antigens were detected in retained and/or sloughed epithelial cells in the LT across all variant infections. These results demonstrate significant differences in OD severity and nasal tissue damage among SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing critical insights for understanding the pathogenesis of this symptom and guiding treatment development for COVID-19 sequelae.IMPORTANCEOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is a prominent and distinctive symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that significantly affects patients' quality of life. This study reveals that Syrian hamsters infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants (WA-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) exhibit varying degrees of OD and nasal tissue pathology. Hamsters infected with the WA-1, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants experienced significant OD, while those infected with Delta and Omicron showed milder symptoms. Severe epithelial damage in the nasal turbinate was observed in hamsters infected with WA-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, whereas Omicron variant infection resulted in minimal tissue injury. Despite the variability in OD and tissue damage, viral antigen was detected in all infected hamsters. These findings underscore the diverse impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on olfactory function and nasal tissue pathology, providing important insights into the pathogenesis of OD and guiding potential therapeutic strategies for coronavirus disease 2019-related olfactory sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0075525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of a NP-cELISA for the detection of nucleoprotein antibodies of equine influenza virus.","authors":"Yan Yang, Kui Guo, Ling Xu, Wei Guo, Mingqi Dong, Wen Liu, Shuaijie Li, Zenan Zhang, Xiaoyu Chu, Yaoxin Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhe Hu, Xiaojun Wang","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.00939-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.00939-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine influenza (EI), caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV), is an acute respiratory disease that has become enzootic worldwide, resulting in frequent outbreaks and substantial economic losses within the equine industry. In this study, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NP-cELISA) for the detection of antibodies against the EIV nucleoprotein (NP). The assay was designed by coating plates with purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the NP protein, followed by simultaneous incubation of the test serum samples and HRP-NP antigen in a competitive binding reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the assay achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. To assess the diagnostic performance of the NP-cELISA, we evaluated 119 clinical samples in parallel using the NP-cELISA, a commercially available competitive ELISA (ID.vet-cELISA), and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay as the reference standard. The results indicated that the NP-cELISA showed an 87.4% concordance rate with the HI assay, outperforming the 78.2% concordance rate observed between the ID.vet-cELISA and the HI test. Additionally, in a serological surveillance study conducted using the developed NP-cELISA in China from 2021 to 2023, equine serum samples showed an average annual seroprevalence of 37.96% for EIV antibodies. In conclusion, the NP-cELISA developed in this study demonstrates significant potential as a reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for the serological detection of EI, with broad applicability in various settings.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant economic and health challenges to the global equine industry. Current diagnostic methods, such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI), are accurate but complex and impractical for widespread use, especially in regions like China where commercial kits are unavailable. This study developed a competitive ELISA (cELISA) for detecting EI virus antibodies, offering a simpler, faster, and more cost-effective alternative. The assay demonstrated higher concordance with HI than existing commercial kits and effectively monitored antibody responses in vaccinated horses. Additionally, it enabled the first large-scale serological survey of EI in China, providing critical insights into the virus's prevalence. This advancement supports timely disease detection and control, benefiting veterinary practices and the equine industry worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0093925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the VITEK 2 AST-N439 card for susceptibility testing of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and colistin in carbapenem-non-susceptible gram-negative bacilli.","authors":"Tae Yeul Kim, Jin Yang Baek, Eunsang Suh, Jun-Ki Lee, Hui-Jin Yu, Jae-Hoon Ko, Hee Jae Huh, Nam Yong Lee","doi":"10.1128/spectrum.00166-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/spectrum.00166-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed the performance of the VITEK 2 AST-N439 card for susceptibility testing of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations and colistin in carbapenem-non-susceptible gram-negative isolates. A total of 425 clinical isolates, including <i>Enterobacterales</i> (<i>n</i> = 242), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 97), and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (<i>n</i> = 86), were tested using VITEK 2, with broth microdilution as the reference standard. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints. The essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), very major error rate, and major error rate for VITEK 2 were 90.3%, 97.6%, 1.8%, and 2.5% for ceftazidime/avibactam; 81.5%, 89.0%, 7.0%, and 4.7% for ceftolozane/tazobactam; 96.5%, 90.9%, 3.4%, and 1.2% for imipenem/relebactam; and 94.6%, 93.0%, 15.8%, and 3.2% for meropenem/vaborbactam. For colistin, VITEK 2 demonstrated an EA of 89.2% and a CA of 85.4%. Our findings suggest that VITEK 2 has suboptimal performance for novel BL/BLI combinations in carbapenem-non-susceptible gram-negative isolates. Furthermore, despite changes to the colistin formulation used in the VITEK 2 card, it remains an unreliable method for detecting colistin resistance.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>Rapid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential for managing infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. This study evaluated the performance of the VITEK 2 AST-N439 card for susceptibility testing of novel BL/BLI combinations and colistin in carbapenem-non-susceptible gram-negative isolates. Our findings revealed significant limitations, including suboptimal performance for novel BL/BLI combinations and unreliable detection of colistin resistance, even with the updated formulation. These results underscore the need for cautious interpretation of VITEK 2 results and highlight the importance of optimizing its performance to enhance antibiotic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":18670,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology spectrum","volume":" ","pages":"e0016625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}