{"title":"1st-Order to 2nd-Order Threshold Logic Gate Transformation with an Enhanced ILP-based Identification Method","authors":"Li-Cheng Zheng, Hao-Ju Chang, Yung-Chih Chen, Jing-Yang Jou","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431558","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a method to enhance an integer linear programming (ILP)-based method for transforming a 1st -order threshold logic gate (1-TLG) to a 2nd-order TLG (2-TLG) with lower area cost. We observe that for a 2-TLG, most of the 2nd-order weights (2-weights) are zero. That is, in the ILP formulation, most of the variables for the 2-weights could be set to zero. Thus, we first propose three sufficient conditions for transforming a 1-TLG to a 2-TLG by extracting 2-weights. These extracted weights are seen to be more likely non-zero. Then, we simplify the ILP formulation by eliminating the non-extracted 2-weights to speed up the ILP solving. The experimental results show that, to transform a set of 1-TLGs to 2-TLGs, the enhanced method saves an average of 24% CPU time with only an average of 1.87% quality loss in terms of the area cost reduction rate.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131674174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazim Ergun, R. Ayoub, Pietro Mercati, D. Liu, T. Simunic
{"title":"Energy and QoS-Aware Dynamic Reliability Management of IoT Edge Computing Systems","authors":"Kazim Ergun, R. Ayoub, Pietro Mercati, D. Liu, T. Simunic","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431612","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as any electronic or mechanical system, are prone to failures. Hard failures in hardware due to aging and degradation are particularly important since they are irrecoverable, requiring maintenance for the replacement of defective parts, at high costs. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic reliability management (DRM) technique for IoT edge computing systems to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) and reliability requirements while maximizing the remaining energy of the edge device batteries. We formulate a state-space optimal control problem with a battery energy objective, QoS, and terminal reliability constraints. We decompose the problem into low-overhead subproblems and solve it employing a hierarchical and multi-timescale control approach, distributed over the edge devices and the gateway. Our results, based on real measurements and trace-driven simulation demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a similar battery lifetime compared to the state-of-the-art approaches while satisfying reliability requirements, where other approaches fail to do so.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126882470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current-Starved Chaotic Oscillator Over Multiple Frequency Decades on Low-Cost CMOS : Towards Distributed and Scalable Environmental Sensing with a Myriad of Nodes","authors":"K. K. Tokgoz, L. Minati, Hiroyuki Ito","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431651","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a current-starved cross-coupled chaotic oscillator achieving multiple decades of oscillation frequency spanning 2 kHz to 15 MHz. The main circuit characteristics are low-power consumption (<100 nW to 25 μW, at 1 V supply voltage), and controllability of the oscillation frequency, enabling future applications such as in distributed environmental sensing. The IC was implemented in 180 nm standard CMOS process, yielding a core area of 0.028 mm2.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117075912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Lau Neto, Matheus T. Moreira, L. Amarù, Cunxi Yu, P. Gaillardon
{"title":"Read your Circuit: Leveraging Word Embedding to Guide Logic Optimization","authors":"Walter Lau Neto, Matheus T. Moreira, L. Amarù, Cunxi Yu, P. Gaillardon","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431560","url":null,"abstract":"To tackle the involved complexity, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools are broken in well-defined steps, each operating at different abstraction levels. Higher levels of abstraction shorten the flow run-time while sacrificing correlation with the physical circuit implementation. Bridging this gap between Logic Synthesis tool and Physical Design (PnR) tools is key to improve Quality of Results (QoR), while possibly shorting the time-to-market. To address this problem, in this work, we formalize logic paths as sentences, with the gates being a bag of words. Thus, we show how word embedding can be leveraged to represent generic paths and predict if a given path is likely to be critical post-PnR. We present the effectiveness of our approach, with accuracy over than 90% for our test-cases. Finally, we give a step further and introduce an intelligent and non-intrusive flow that uses this information to guide optimization. Our flow presents up to 15.53% area delay product (ADP) and 18.56% power delay product (PDP), compared to a standard flow.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of Register Instance Usage and Time-sharing Register for Extended Register Reuse Scheme","authors":"Shuxin Zhou, Huandong Wang, Dong Tong","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431412","url":null,"abstract":"Register renaming is the key for the performance of out-of-order processors. However, the release mechanism of the physical register may cause a waste from time dimension. The register reuse technique is the earliest solution to release a physical register at renaming stage, which takes the advantage of those register instances with only one time use. However, the range of possible reuse mined by this scheme is not high, and the physical structure of the register have to be modified. Aiming at these two problems, we propose an extended register reuse scheme. Our work presents: 1) prediction of the use times of the register instance, so as to reuse the physical registers at the end of the last use, to expand the range of possible reuse. 2) A design of time-sharing register file with little overheads which is implemented by Backup Registers, avoiding to modify the physical register structure. Compared with the original register reuse technique, this work achieves 8.5% performance improvement, alternatively, 9.6% decrease of the number of physical registers with minor hardware overhead.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124865212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minxuan Zhou, M. Imani, Yeseong Kim, Saransh Gupta, T. Simunic
{"title":"DP-Sim: A Full-stack Simulation Infrastructure for Digital Processing In-Memory Architectures","authors":"Minxuan Zhou, M. Imani, Yeseong Kim, Saransh Gupta, T. Simunic","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431525","url":null,"abstract":"Digital processing in-memory (DPIM) is a promising technology that significantly reduces data movements while providing high parallelism. In this work, we design and implement the first full- stack DPIM simulation infrastructure, DP-Sim, which evaluates a comprehensive range of DPIM-specific design space concerning both software and hardware. DP-Sim provides a C++ library to enable DPIM acceleration in general programs while supporting several aspects of software-level exploration by a convenient interface. The DP-Sim software front-end generates specialized instructions that can be processed by a hardware simulator based on a new DPIM-enabled architecture model which is 10.3% faster than conventional memory simulation models. We use DP-Sim to explore the DPIM-specific design space of acceleration for various emerging applications. Our experiments show that bank-level control is 11.3 faster than conventional channel-level control because of higher computing parallelism. Furthermore, cost-aware memory allocation can provide at least 2.2 speedup vs. heuristic methods, showing the importance of data layout in DPIM acceleration.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123257952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A General Equivalence Checking Framework for Multivalued Logic","authors":"Chia-Chun Lin, Hsin-Ping Yen, Sheng-Hsiu Wei, Pei-Pei Chen, Yung-Chih Chen, Chun-Yao Wang","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431588","url":null,"abstract":"Logic equivalence checking is a critical task in the ASIC design flow. Due to the rapid development in nanotechnology-based devices, an efficient implementation of multivalued logic becomes practical. As a result, many synthesis algorithms for ternary logic were proposed. In this paper, we bring out an equivalence checking framework based on multivalued logic exploiting the modern SAT solvers. Furthermore, a structural conflict-driven clause learning (SCDCL) technique is also proposed to accelerate the SAT solving process. The SCDCL algorithm deploys some strategies to cut off the search space for SAT algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed SCDCL technique saves 42% CPU time from SAT solvers on average over a set of industrial benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122399193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Deng, Zheng Song, Ruichang Ma, Haikun Jia, B. Chi
{"title":"A Highly Integrated Energy-efficient CMOS Millimeter-wave Transceiver with Direct-modulation Digital Transmitter, Quadrature Phased-coupled Frequency Synthesizer and Substrate-Integrated Waveguide E-shaped Patch Antenna","authors":"W. Deng, Zheng Song, Ruichang Ma, Haikun Jia, B. Chi","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431652","url":null,"abstract":"An energy-efficient millimeter-wave transceiver with direct-modulation digital transmitter (TX), I/Q phase-coupled frequency synthesizer and Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) E-shaped patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed transceiver achieves the 10-Gbps data rate while consuming 340.4 mW. The measured Over-the-Air (OTA) EVM is -13.8 dB. The energy efficiency is 34 pJ/bit, which is a significant improvement compared with the state-of-the-art mm-wave transceivers.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128272167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RIME: A Scalable and Energy-Efficient Processing-In-Memory Architecture for Floating-Point Operations","authors":"Zhaojun Lu, Md Tanvir Arafin, G. Qu","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431524","url":null,"abstract":"Processing in-memory (PIM) is an emerging technology poised to break the memory-wall in the conventional von Neumann architecture. PIM reduces data movement from the memory systems to the CPU by utilizing memory cells for logic computation. However, existing PIM designs do not support high precision computation (e.g., floating-point operations) essential for critical data-intensive applications. Furthermore, PIM architectures require complex control module and costly peripheral circuits to harness the full potential of in-memory computation. These peripherals and control modules usually suffer from scalability and efficiency issues.Hence, in this paper, we explore the analog properties of the resistive random access memory (RRAM) crossbar and propose a scalable RRAM-based in-memory floating-point computation architeture (RIME). RIME uses single-cycle NOR, NAND, and Minority logic to achieve floating-point operations. RIME features a centralized control module and a simplified peripheral circuit to eliminate data movement during parallel computation. An experimental 32-bit RIME multiplier demonstrates 4.8X speedup, 1.9X area-improvement, and 5.4X energy-efficiency than state-of-the-art RRAM-based PIM multipliers.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127966226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Timing Prediction Framework for Wide Voltage Design with Data Augmentation Strategy","authors":"Peng Cao, Wei Bao, Kai Wang, Tai Yang","doi":"10.1145/3394885.3431582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3394885.3431582","url":null,"abstract":"Wide voltage design has been widely used to achieve power reduction and energy efficiency improvement. The consequent increasing number of PVT corners poses severe challenges to timing analysis in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The data insufficiency issue during path delay acquisition raises the difficulty for the training of machine learning models, especially at low voltage corners due to tremendous library characterization effort and/or simulation cost. In this paper, a learning-based timing prediction framework is proposed to predict path delays across wide voltage region by LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) with data augmentation strategies including CTGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks) and SMOTER (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique for Regression), which generate realistic synthetic data of circuit delays to improve prediction precision and reduce data sampling effort. Experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed framework, the path delays at low voltage could be predicted by their delays at high voltage corners with rRMSE of less than 5%, owing to the data augmentation strategies which achieve significant prediction error reduction by up to 12×.","PeriodicalId":186307,"journal":{"name":"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132527814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}