The Oriental Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Exhibiting Tribal Ethnicity through Festivals: An Experience from the Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"T. Ramya","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180202","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on the example of the Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh, an ethnic group that has been enjoying a wave of popular revival in recent years, this study suggests that changes in the perceptions of an ethnic identity are related to socio-economic transformation. The festival is a key aspect of the Nyishi revival since the 1970s. An examination of the history, activities, and contemporary spatia-temporal organization of festivals reveals similarities to other aspects of a society of mass consumption. Niche marketing, the structuring of recreation around the modern work week, and the establishment of personal identity through the purchase of symbolically rich commodities are all embodied in contemporary Nyishi festivals. At the same time, the consumption of ethnic commodities is linked by the consumers with a sense of tradition and descent from a mythic past. The festivals ofNyishi are, in this sense, \"invented traditions\" and, paradoxically, a measure of the assimilation of this particular ethnic group into Indian culture. This study explores the significant role that Nyishi festivals has played, and continues to play, in the creation and maintenance ofNyishi identity, both within and outside the boundaries of Arunachal Pradesh. By regularly performing the festivals, the Nyishi people are constantly constructing and restructuring their culture, customs, traditions, values and identity, both to themselves and to the world beyond.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125931323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anthropological Analysis of the Migration Crisis in Sweden: Perceptions of Swedes on Refugees","authors":"S. Singh","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180201","url":null,"abstract":"The situation of the migration phenomenon both inside and outside the European Union has taken unprecedented proportions in 2015. The Swedish Migration Agency indicated on 12 October 2015 that more refugees sought asylum in Sweden than in any other year in the Nordic Nations History (The Local2015). Sweden, a country of9.8 million people, has taken more refugees as a proportion of its population than any other country in Europe as the continent struggles with its biggest migration crisis since the Second World War. Refugees fleeing the violence in Syria make up the largest proportion of people seeking asylum across Europe and in 2013 Sweden became the first country in Europe to rule that all refugees from the war-torn nation would be granted permanent residency in the light of the worsening conflict. Furthermore, Sweden has also accepted thousands of others from nations including Eritrea, Iraq, Afghanistan and the Balkans as well as a growing influx from Somalia. Based on the preceding explanation, this chapter examines the perceptions and opinions of students (predominantly Swedes) at the Uppsala University in order to ascertain their feeling to the influx of refugees in the country. Formal and informal interviews were conducted with students studying Peace and Conflict at the institution. Furthermore, questionnaires were administered to both undergraduate and post-graduate students. The experiences of these students are documented in order to add their voice to the debate on migration.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121302719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Genetic Study Among the Padam of Bolung Village, lower Dibang Valley District Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"Rimonbasukshisha Rodborne","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the genetic characteristics among the Padam of Bolung village in Arunachal Pradesh, which was carried out with the help of four genetic markers namely, ABO blood groups, Rh(D) blood groups, Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste sensitivity, and colour blindness. A total of 215 individuals were tested out of which 106 were males and 109 were females. Method suggested by Lawler and Lawler (1951) and Bhatia (1977) was followed to collect data on ABO and Rh blood group. For PTC taste sensitivity Serial dilution method suggested by Harris and Kalmus (1949) was followed to collect data. Ishihara Chart (1959) method was used to collect data on Colour blindness. It was found that the present population is in genetic equilibrium with respect to the ABO blood group system. Out of215 individuals tested, percentage distribution of Rh negative individuals is zero. The frequency of colour blindness in the population is 9.43%, that is, out of 106 individuals 10 males were detected as having red green deficiency. About 12.04% of the total individuals covered under the study were non-tasters. Allele frequencies for Taster and Non-taster are 0.652 ± 0.0316 and 0.3480 ± 0.0316 respectively. However, when compared with other populations, the Padam population seems to be genetically distinct, i.e., it is statistically different from other populations of Arunachal Pradesh in respect of the distribution of the ABO blood groups. On the other hand, other genetic markers like PTC taste sensitivity and colour blindness indicated that the Padam population is similar to other populations of Northeast India. It may, however, be noted that genetic markers like PTC taste sensitivity and colour blindness are considered as weak genetic markers in comparison with the ABO blood groups system. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, physical anthropology is primarily concerned with the taxonomic classification of human population at both micro and macro levels with a view to understanding the processes of human evolution in space and time. Indeed, ascertaining *Address for Communication: Department of Anthropology, North Eastern Hills University, Shillong. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2018, Pages 319-331 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail :rrimonbasuk@gmail.com 320 Rimonbasukshisha Radborne this history has always been and remains one of the main goals of physical anthropology (Harrison, 1977). Accordingly, it has been felt necessary to use discrete characters or genetic markers like blood groups, red cell enzymes, serum proteins, etc., for understanding the evolutionary processes of human populations. According to Li (1955), Population genetics is concerned with the statistical consequences of Mendelism in a group of families, or individuals, it studies the hereditary phenomenon on population level. It is well acknowledged that each population consists of individuals with a different genotype, or genetic constitution. The number of individuals with a ","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129020564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribal Health and Nutrition: A Bio-Cultural Study among Raji Tribe of Uttarakhand, India.","authors":"Abrar S. Alam, Gangadhar Jha","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180209","url":null,"abstract":"It has been known for ages that the general assumptions, coupled up with belief and practices relating the health and disease of the common man has intimate relation to the diagnosis process as well as the cure of disease. Therefore, it becomes inevitable to generate a comprehensive view of all the cultural facet of health and its related concerns of a community. The presented research paper is an outcome of the field work conducted in the districts Pithoragarh and Champavat ofUttarakhand State among R.nji primitive tribal groups (PVTGs). This study is based on the health and nutritional status of R.nji community using anthropometric profiles like height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and three parameters that were derived from these measurements, i.e., Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and Haemoglobin (Hb). In this study we collected N=94 adult individual blood samples and anthropometric measurement aged above 18 years from ten villages in the study area. The findings of the study strongly indicate lack of health awareness, poor concern for health check-upsboth physical as well as mental, poor lifestyle, lack of balanced diet, nutritionalrequirements etc. It has been observed that the health status in this community is almost directly proportional to the economic and social conditions of the people. The paper thus, evaluates health situation of the Raji tribe and provide some possible recommendations for their good health and social development that might help to address their health and social development.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130366862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Tribal Folksongs of Jharkhand, India","authors":"Walter E. Beck","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services among Bhunjia tribe of Chhattisgarh (India)","authors":"Satyajeet Singh Kosariya, M. Chakravarty, N. Sen","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180205","url":null,"abstract":"Antenatal and delivery care are two essential components for maternal health care. The place of residence and ethnicity of any population are major factors which play important role in utilization of health care system during pregnancy and delivery. In tribal areas, the maternal health status is influenced by several factors like early marriages, malnutrition, illiteracy, ignorance and lack of health services, unavailability of transport facilities , female autonomy, ethnicity and place of residence. One of the most important reasons for poor maternal health status is non-acceptance or non-utilization of antenatal and delivery care services. The present paper tries to determine the factors for non-utilization of antenatal and institutional delivery care services with the help of a population based cross-sectional study. For this study quantitative as well as descriptive approach were used and an attempt was made to analyze the availability of health facilities and infrastructure, distance of residence from district headquarter and ethnicity factors affecting the utilization of antenatal and delivery care services among Bhunjia tribe of Chhattisgarh. The results of the present study revealed that utilization of antenatal care was significantly associated with distance of village from district headquarter, ethnicity of Bhunjia tribe, approachable road, and health centre availability in Bhunjia villages. Availability of Mahtari Express and distance of village from district headquarter were also directly associated with utilization of institutional delivery.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128788447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Seeking Behaviour of People in a Malaria Endemic Village of Odisha, India: An In-Depth Study","authors":"Mahendra Panda, A. Mahapatra, K. C. Satapathy","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180212","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the existing intensive efforts to improve rural based health care structure (infrastructure and man-power), the proportion of malaria morbidity and mortality remains high in rural Odisha, India. The incidence of malaria may vary substantially between hamlets in villages and within an individual community, even in malaria endemic area. The present study was conducted to analyze the factors responsible for local variations in the incidence of malaria in order to identify the potential control measures. Factors shown to be associated with local protection against malaria includes house construction materials, house design, and activities inside or outside adjacent living room. The present study was designed to assess the personal protection measures which are needed to see if new malaria control tools can be identified not only for individual characteristics, but also community-level factors that determine people's decision to opt for treatment at home or at available health facilities in the locality. INTRODUCTION Despite the considerable increase in funds under National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) to control malaria, the disease has been frequently reported and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the state of Odisha in India (WHO). Current malaria control interventions in Odisha include early diagnosis and prompt treatment with effective anti-malarial drugs, preventive measures such as the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), and malaria epidemic preventive measures such as distribution of ITNs and spray of DDT. However, these interventions have not been effectively utilized by the target groups in rural areas in Odisha. The coverage and proper utilization of most promising malaria preventive measure, ITNs, in the rural areas is also limited by lack of sustainable distribution and issues related to replacement of free nets, seasonality of malaria, and poor knowledge of the community with regard to the link between mosquitoes and malaria (Kassie et *Address for Communication: Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC) , lCMR, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2018, Pages 341-360 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail : mahendra74iips@gmail.com 342 Mahendra Panda, Amarendra Mahapatra and K. C. Satapathy al., 2014). Several studies have demonstrated compliance to malaria treatment and prevention strategies depends substantially on social, behavioural and cultural factors that affect understanding of the causes, the relationship between mosquitoes and the disease, diagnosis, treatment and practices about prevention by people in the locality (Kengeya-Kayondo et al., 1994; Tanner and Vlassoff, 1998). In addition, factors such as vulnerability, economic constraints, inadequacy or unavailability of appropriate health services, and other related factors play an important role in explaining health seeking behaviour of the peop","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Somatotype Variation in Oraon Tea Garden and Agricultural Labourers of Alipurduar District, West Bengal","authors":"Akash Mallick, A. Bhattacharya, S. Roy","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180208","url":null,"abstract":"Somatotype is used to explore spatial and temporal variations of body physique in relation to varying degrees of environmental and cultural changes. Empirical studies on spatial and temporal variations of somatotype in similar groups living in different time points are scanty. The present study tries to find the similarities/difference in somatotype within occupational group having same ethnicity, same environment in two time points and between two occupational groups in two time points. For this study, data on anthropometric traits and somatotype components were collected from 182 tea garden (TG) and 222 agricultural (AG) Oraon labourers in 1990 and again on 207 TG and 216 AG Oraon labourers in 2016 from Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India on the same group and region. The study showed the mean values of anthropometric traits were higher in both TG and AG labourers of2016 than that of1990, irrespective of sex. Endomorphic component significantly increased and mesomorphic and ectomorphic components decreased in both TG and AG labourers of 2016. TG and AG labourers in either time point show occupational differences only in males. Male AG labourers have high ectomorphic and endomorphic components than male TG labourers in either time points. However, female TG labourers of2016 show high endomorphic component than AG labourers, indicative of less physical activity by the TG females. The findings show that both the occupational groups (TG and AG) converted towards endomorph over time. Spatial differences in somatotype exist between TG and AG even in different time points, indicative of occupational differences.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"4 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114098758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dongaria Kandha Adaptation to Market Opportunities: Railway as an Engine of Change","authors":"Neetu Singh","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180211","url":null,"abstract":"Dongaria Kandha is an Indian tribe residing in the lap of remote and forested area of Niyamgiri hills of Kalahandi and Rayagada districts of Odisha. The tribe has been categorized as particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG). As the modernization is reaching every bit and corner of the world, Dongaria villages are no exception; they too have been exposed to outer world through rail, road and information technology. In Bissumkatak block ofRayagada district, Dongaria Kandha villages are situated near (10km away) Bissumkatak railway station and Chatikana weekly market. This geographical proximity with railway station and market has provided the villagers direct access to market for trading their horticulture products. They are also engaged in trade with the Dombo (Scheduled Caste) and other business communities of Chatikana and Rayagada. While these changes have resulted in an increased income, at the same time there has been an increase in their expenditure as well, incurred due to introduction of new varieties of goods ranging from foodstuffs to modern gadgets, housing, education, medicines and fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs). This paper discusses the market oriented activities provided by railways to the Dongariya tribe. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to explore and explain the strain between established horticultural livelihood and modern development initiatives among Dongaria Kandha in Khambesi village of Rayagada district. Data based on structured schedule have been collected from every Dongaria households in Khambesi village. Qualitative information was obtained from semi-structured face-toface interviews and observations in Khambesi village, Bissuirikatak Railway station and Chatikana weekly market.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123254279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Micro level Study of Socio-Economic and Health Status of Great Andamanese and Onges of Andaman Island","authors":"A. Banerjee","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180102","url":null,"abstract":"The Present study looks at the issue of development of tribes from what Amarh;a Sen has called the \"Capability Approach\". The approach is \"people centric\", that !sit says that economic growth of a nation or a region makes no sense unless and until the needs and requirements of the poorest of the poor are not taken care of People/ tribes should be allowed to choose what they are capable of and then enjoy the outcomes. The greatest hurdle in achieving this is illiteraClJ and ill health. Thus looked at from the perspective of capability approach the paper attempts a comparison between the statuses of two tribes which exhibit different levels of socio-economic development.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116462892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}