Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems最新文献

{"title":"Sulong - execution of LLVM-based languages on the JVM: position paper","authors":"Manuel Rigger, Matthias Grimmer, H. Mössenböck","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012416","url":null,"abstract":"For the last decade, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has been a popular platform to host languages other than Java. Language implementation frameworks like Truffle allow the implementation of dynamic languages such as JavaScript or Ruby with competitive performance and completeness. However, statically typed languages are still rare under Truffle. We present Sulong, an LLVM IR interpreter that brings all LLVM-based languages including C, C++, and Fortran in one stroke to the JVM. Executing these languages on the JVM enables a wide area of future research, including high-performance interoperability between high-level and low-level languages, combination of static and dynamic optimizations, and a memory-safe execution of otherwise unsafe and unmanaged languages.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126356304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source language representation of function summaries in static analysis","authors":"G. Horváth, Norbert Pataki","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012414","url":null,"abstract":"Static analysis is a popular method to find bugs. In context-sensitive static analysis the analyzer considers the calling context when evaluating a function call. This approach makes it possible to find bugs that span across multiple functions. In order to find those issues the analyzer engine requires information about both the calling context and the callee. Unfortunately the implementation of the callee might only be available in a separate translation unit or module. In these scenarios the analyzer either makes some assumptions about the behavior of the callee (which may be unsound) or conservatively creates a program state that marks every value that might be affected by this function call. In this case the marked value becomes unknown which implies significant loss of precision. In order to mitigate this overapproximation, a common approach is to assign a summary to some of the functions, and each time the implementation is not available, use the summary to analyze the effect of the function call. These summaries are in fact approximations of the function implementations that can be used to model some behavior of the called functions in a given context. The most proper way to represent summaries, however, remains an open question. This paper describes a method for summarising C (or C++) functions in C (or C++) itself. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. It is challenging to use source language representation efficiently due to the compilation model of C/C++. We propose an efficient solution. The emphasis of the paper is on using static analysis to find errors in the programs, however the same approach can be used to optimize programs or any other tasks that static analysis is capable of. Our proof of concept implementation is available in the upstream version of the Clang compiler.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126632348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demo of docking: enabling language based dynamic coupling","authors":"Magnus Haugom Christensen, E. Jul","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012419","url":null,"abstract":"This demo shows how two objects that each live within their own world, i.e., the are not in each others transitive closure of object references, can get to know each other in a well-defined manner using a new language construct. The basic problem is that if two object are in different worlds, there is no way they can communicate. Our proposed language construct, added to the Emerald programming language, allows objects in close proximity to get to know each other in a well-defined, language based manner.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123153270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building object oriented programs out of pieces","authors":"Richard A. O'Keefe","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a technique for assembling Smalltalk programs out of pieces using propositional Horn clauses. The technique allows the dependencies and restrictions of a piece to be stated inside the piece or outside, allowing components from other dialects to be used. The technique is applicable to any OO language allowing class extensions.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133257161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHDeS: deduplicating method handle graphs for efficient dynamic JVM language implementations","authors":"Shijie Xu, David Bremner, Daniel Heidinga","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012412","url":null,"abstract":"A method handle (MH) is a reference to an underlying Java method with potential method type transformations. Multiple inter-connected method handles form a method handle graph (MHG). Together with the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) instruction, invokedynamic, the implementation of MHGs is significant to dynamically typed language implementations on the JVM. Addressing the abundance of equivalent MHGs during program runtime, this paper presents an MHG equivalence model and an online Method Handle Deduplication System (MHDeS). The equivalence model determines the equivalence of two MHGs in terms of two kinds of keys, i.e., MH key and MHG key, which uniquely identify the transformation of an MH and an MHG, respectively. MHDeS is an implementation of the equivalence model. Instead of creating equivalent MHGs and then detecting their equivalence, MHDeS employs a light-weight structure, the MHG index key, which wraps constructor parameters of an MH. MHDeS uses a transformation index, fast-path comparison, and filters, to speed up the equivalence detection of an MHG index key. Our experimental results with the Computer Language Benchmark Game (CLBG) JRuby micro-indy show that 1) MHDeS with filtering off can speed up the benchmark by 4.67% and reduces memory usage by 7.19% on average; 2) the deduplication result can be affected by the choice of MH transformations for filtering; 3) MHDeS can have the MH JIT compilation performed earlier; and 4) as much as 32% of MHG index keys are detected as non-unique and eliminated by MHDeS, and the expense for a single detection is trivial.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"187 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124932438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance of object encodings in JavaScript","authors":"Forrest Alexander, A. Black","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012417","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how to represent objects when JavaScript is used as a compilation target. This is an interesting question because JavaScript is the target language of choice for compiler writers who wish to deploy to \"the Internet\", and because JavaScript offers many ways to say the same thing. We looked at three axes of variability: whether an object's methods are stored in the object itself, or in a prototype; whether the object uses Javascript's closures or builds its own, and whether an object's fields are accessed directly or via accessor methods. The results reveal that certain variations are more than a hundred times faster than others. We conclude that the particular choices we make may be critical.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114714463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing an abstract grammar: teaching language engineering","authors":"T. D'Hondt","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012410","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract grammars are neglected resources in language processor implementations. In the most favourable case they are used to format first-class program representations. In the worst case they serve as a temporary interface between compiler phases. But they can enable so much more âĂę certainly in teaching. In this presentation we report on a long-running experiment (>5 y.) to develop a language interpreter that is maximally supported by an extensible (abstract) grammar. The context of the experiment is an advanced course on Programming Language Engineering (http://soft.vub.ac.be/PLE). The reference language is a simplified variation on Scheme, so: no objects in this story. In this course abstract grammars serve as backbone for material ranging from formal language specifications to low-level implementation with an eye for optimisation. In order to do so, we require that an instance of an abstract grammar be first class, and that all of its attributes should be setable and getable from within any program that is associated with this instance. Depending on the level of detail at which its semantics are captured in the abstract grammar, this regulates the depth at which the program can reflect over its specification. Nothing new here, this is lisp and s-expressions, only more so. A central idea to this notion of a rich abstract grammar, is a unified memory model. At a basic level no distinction is made between stacks, heaps, frames &c. concerning their residence in memory. This of course raises potential performance issues about memory management - but a sufficiently powerful garbage collector and various caching and inlining tactics go a long way in mitigating this concern. We will consider what it takes to explain memory models and garbage collection at a sufficient level of detail to investigate performance issues. We proceed with s-expressions and grow this in successive steps to describe the various structures employed by a language interpreter. Considering that the eval operation should ultimately map the grammar onto itself, the obvious ones are computational values that do not correspond with literals, such as closures and continuations. But with the introduction of lexical addressing, we should also include frames and environments; and if the interpretation strategy is based on a transformation into continuation passing style (as is the case here), structures resulting from lambda-lifting should be considered. However, the most interesting extensions to the abstract grammar are related to optimisations: tail call optimisation, inlining, prevalent function call patterns, &c. This approach proved to be an interesting setting to expose graduate students to the vagaries low level language processor implementations. But it has also been suitable as a platform for sophisticated experiments with optimisations for language interpreters.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124673308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trufflereloader: a low-overhead language-neutral reloader","authors":"Tõnis Pool, A. Gregersen, Vesal Vojdani","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012411","url":null,"abstract":"Updating running programs is a well-researched and increasingly popular feature of programming language implementations. While there are solutions targeting specific languages and platforms, implementing dynamic update for new languages can require significant effort. We have built TruffleReloader, a reusable dynamic updating solution, on top of the Truffle language implementation framework, and adapted the Truffle implementations of Python, Ruby and JavaScript to use this feature. We show how TruffleReloader adds reloading capabilities to these implementations requiring limited language-specific modifications. With Truffle's just-in-time compiler enabled, our solution incurs close to zero overhead on steady-state performance. This approach reduces the effort required to add dynamic update support for existing and future languages.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116949121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the bytecode: observing the JVM at work using bytecode instrumentation","authors":"L. Bulej, Y. Zheng, Walter Binder","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012409","url":null,"abstract":"Many dynamic program analysis (DPA) tools for profiling, debugging, and monitoring programs executing on managed platforms such as the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) rely on bytecode instrumentation (sometimes combined with agents utilizing the JVM Tool Interface and native code libraries) to observe the base program behavior. While this is both the recommended and preferred technique for implementing DPA tools, it has certain noticeable drawbacks [1]. One, the analysis runs in the same process as the base program, and often shares the Java Class Library (JCL) and other resources with the base program. This creates potential for interference that may result in deadlocks, or state corruption in code that does not expect reentrancy. Two, certain parts of the JCL are typically off-limits for instrumentation, because they either play a vital role during the JVM bootstrap, or the JVM implementation makes certain assumptions about properties of specific classes, or both. These two issues are typically solved by reducing the scope of the instrumentation, leading to under-approximation of the program's behavior. And three, bytecode instrumentation only allows observing base program events at the bytecode level. The instrumentation code remains oblivious to optimizations performed by the dynamic compiler, and conversely, the compiler is completely unaware of the presence of the instrumentation code. Because the instrumentation code may significantly inflate the base program code and create additional data dependencies as a result of observing the program's behavior, various optimizations performed by the dynamic compiler (e.g., inlining, partial escape analysis, code motion) will be perturbed by the presence of the instrumentation code. As a result, the dynamic analysis may observe events that would not have happened in the base program had it been left alone, thus over-approximating the actual behavior. In this talk, we will discuss some of the challenges in making the JVM more observable for instrumentation-based DPA tools, with specific focus on getting accurate profiling information in presence of an optimizing dynamic compiler. The core of this talk is based on the work that was originally presented at OOPSLA'15 [4]. In the meantime, the work has been integrated into the Graal project. Additional parts are based on joint work with other authors, originally presented at AOSD'12 [3] and GPCE'13 [2].","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient profiling of actor-based applications in parallel and distributed systems","authors":"Andrea Rosà, L. Chen, Walter Binder","doi":"10.1145/3012408.3012418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3012408.3012418","url":null,"abstract":"Applications employing the actor model of concurrent computation are becoming popular nowadays. On the one hand, the foundational characteristics of the actor model make it attractive in parallel and distributed settings. On the other hand, effective investigation of poor performance in actor-based applications requires dedicated metrics and profiling methods. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted on this topic to date, and developers are forced to investigate suboptimal performance with general-purpose profilers that fall short in locating scalability bottlenecks and performance inefficiencies. This position paper advocates the need for dedicated profiling techniques and tools for actor-based applications, focusing specifically on inter-actor communication and actor utilization. Our preliminary results support the importance of dedicated actor profiling and motivate further research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":186136,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114887112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}