Modern Agrochemicals Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals2010001

R. Schmidt, B. Spangl, Edith Gruber, E. Takács, M. Mörtl, Szandra Klátyik, A. Székács, J. Zaller

{"title":"Glyphosate Effects on Earthworms: Active Ingredients vs. Commercial Herbicides at Different Temperature and Soil Organic Matter Levels","authors":"R. Schmidt, B. Spangl, Edith Gruber, E. Takács, M. Mörtl, Szandra Klátyik, A. Székács, J. Zaller","doi":"10.3390/agrochemicals2010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals2010001","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the non-target effects of glyphosate active ingredients (GLY) versus glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) formulations on soil organisms, and whether effects are influenced by environmental conditions. We investigated the avoidance behavior, biomass growth, and reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida, E. andrei) in response to two GLYs (glyphosate ammonium and potassium salt), the corresponding GBHs (Touchdown Quattro, Roundup PowerFlex) containing these GLYs, and the “inert” co-formulant alkylpolyglycoside (APG) at two temperature (15 °C vs. 20 °C) and soil organic matter levels (3.2% vs. 4.3%). Earthworm avoidance was lower at high soil organic matter content, but remained unaffected by substances and temperature. Earthworm biomass growth and reproduction (cocoons and juveniles) were significantly affected by substances and temperature; reproduction was also affected by a substance and temperature interaction. Biomass growth was almost zero at higher temperature; reproduction was generally higher at higher temperature. More cocoons were produced under Roundup PowerFlex than under the corresponding AI, due to the impact of the co-formulant APG. No other differences were observed between GBH and the corresponding AIs. We conclude that the non-target effects of pesticides can only be fully assessed if all ingredients in a formulation are known and environmental parameters are included in environmental risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":18608,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agrochemicals","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84244365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Development of Quality Requirements of Chemical Analytical Measurements 化学分析测量质量要求的发展

Modern Agrochemicals Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals1010005

Á. Ambrus, J. Szenczi-Cseh, Vy Vy N. Doan, Zsuzsanna Domák, Tímea Gönczöl, Anna Lörincz, Gabriella Miklós, A. Nagy, Henriet Szemánné-Dobrik, A. Vásárhelyi

{"title":"Development of Quality Requirements of Chemical Analytical Measurements","authors":"Á. Ambrus, J. Szenczi-Cseh, Vy Vy N. Doan, Zsuzsanna Domák, Tímea Gönczöl, Anna Lörincz, Gabriella Miklós, A. Nagy, Henriet Szemánné-Dobrik, A. Vásárhelyi","doi":"10.3390/agrochemicals1010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010005","url":null,"abstract":"The development of quality requirements for the analyses of chemical contaminants is reviewed from the formation of the first association of analytical chemists in 1884. Without attempting to give complete coverage, it is shown that the elaboration of quality systems is commanded by the needs of the industry and international trade. Progress along the line of the initial inter-laboratory comparison, methods validated with collaborative tests, and development of internationally harmonized guidelines and protocols to perform complex studies aiming to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results facilitate international trade, and protect consumer health, as well as the environment. The international cooperation for limiting the replication of various (e.g., analytical, toxicological) tests is promoted by multilateral agreements that are also supported by legal obligations. Notwithstanding, the rapid development of requirements and guidance documents provides only the frame for obtaining accurate, defendable results. The production of such results is the duty of the laboratory management, analysts, and study personnel who play the decisive role and bear full responsibility for the samples analyzed.","PeriodicalId":18608,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agrochemicals","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Nitrogen for the Control of Stored Product Insects: One Single Application for Multiple Purposes 用氮控制储藏产品昆虫:一次施用多用途

Modern Agrochemicals Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals1010004

C. Athanassiou, M. Sakka

引用次数: 5

Effects of Organic Amendments on Phenol Oxidase, Peroxidase, Urease, and Nitrogen Mineralization: A Laboratory Incubation Study 有机添加剂对苯酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶和氮矿化的影响:一项实验室培养研究

Modern Agrochemicals Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals1010002

Emma E. Leaseburg, Li-guo Lei, L. Fink

{"title":"Effects of Organic Amendments on Phenol Oxidase, Peroxidase, Urease, and Nitrogen Mineralization: A Laboratory Incubation Study","authors":"Emma E. Leaseburg, Li-guo Lei, L. Fink","doi":"10.3390/agrochemicals1010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals1010002","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigating climate change and enhancing fertility in agricultural systems require the adoption of more sustainable fertilizer management practices. Applications of recycled organic materials, such as animal and green wastes, can promote soil carbon stabilization via changing extracellular enzyme activities while providing the necessary nitrogen (N) for plant growth. The goals of this study were to quantify the effects of compost type (cow manure, green manures, mixtures of green and cow manure at various proportions, and inorganic fertilizers) on (1) enzyme activity (phenol oxidase, peroxidase, and urease), and (2) mineralized N under laboratory incubation at 30 °C over an eight-week period. The lowest oxidative enzyme activities (phenol oxidase and peroxidase) were found in the soil treated with a mixture of 50% cow manure and 50% green manure (2.45 μmol h−1 g−1) and a mixture of 30% cow manure and 70% green manure (3.21 μmol h−1 g−1) compared to all other fertilizer treatments. The highest phenol oxidase activity was found in soils amended with green manures (3.52 μmol h−1 g−1), while the highest peroxidase activity was found in soils amended with a mixture of 70% cow manure and 30% green manure (5.68 μmol h−1 g−1). No significant differences were found in total net mineralized N content among all organic fertilizer treatments, but these were significantly lower than total net mineralized N in soil treated with inorganic fertilizers. These results indicate similar effects of organic amendments and mixtures in providing plant-available N, but different effects on lignin-degrading enzyme activities, which may lead to differences in soil organic carbon cycling and long-term C storage depending on which organic amendment is utilized.","PeriodicalId":18608,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agrochemicals","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77029142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agrochemicals—Shifting from the Past to the Future with a New Journal 农用化学品——从过去到未来的新期刊

Modern Agrochemicals Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals1010001

C. Athanassiou

引用次数: 1

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