{"title":"Power flow coordination among Smart Migrogrids: A Game Theory Approach","authors":"R. Lahon, C. P. Gupta, E. Fernandez","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750814","url":null,"abstract":"Rapidly increasing levels of variable renewable energy sources in several power systems across the globe has led to a paradigm shift in electric power systems; prompting questions about how energy systems will be operated and managed when variable renewables become the dominant technology. As building blocks of smart grids, microgrids are anticipated to become an indispensable component in this transition. In view of this, this paper proposes a new power flow management strategy for interconnected smart microgrids in a distribution network. The developed approach aims at utilizing the spatiotemporal diversity in resource availability and consumer demands in geo-distributed microgrids through optimal power sharing among them, thus lessening the ‘brown’ energy purchases from the grid. At the lower level, microgrids are modelled as autonomous units with individual objectives while at the upper level, the concept of cooperative game-theory using Nash bargaining solution is applied to coordinate power flows among the participating microgrids. Finally, we highlight the implications of the proposed power flow management strategy through several simulation studies on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system with five microgrids.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129997654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hardware-Based Randomized Encoding for Sensor Authentication in Power Grid SCADA Systems","authors":"Kevin Hutto, S. Grijalva, V. Mooney","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750706","url":null,"abstract":"Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are utilized extensively in critical power grid infrastructures. Modern SCADA systems have been proven to be susceptible to cyber-security attacks and require improved security primitives in order to prevent unwanted influence from an adversarial party. One section of weakness in the SCADA system is the integrity of field level sensors providing essential data for control decisions at a master station. In this paper we propose a lightweight hardware scheme providing inferred authentication for SCADA sensors by combining an analog to digital converter and a permutation generator as a single integrated circuit. Through this method we encode critical sensor data at the time of sensing, so that unencoded data is never stored in memory, increasing the difficulty of software attacks. We show through experimentation how our design stops both software and hardware false data injection attacks occurring at the field level of SCADA systems.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133454234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Situational Awareness for Reactive Power Management in Large-Scale Electric Grids","authors":"Jessica L. Wert, J. Yeo, F. Safdarian, T. Overbye","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750774","url":null,"abstract":"Situational awareness is imperative for reactive power management, particularly for interpreting the results of studies evaluating the impact of geomagnetic disturbances or high levels of renewable generation on the grid. This paper introduces a visualization technique, VAR Ready Reserves (VRRs), to provide a novel and useful tool to enhance the situational awareness of users performing and interpreting power system studies. This visualization technique can be adapted to demonstrate the dispatch, injection, and absorption capability of reactive power devices (such as generators, shunts, SVCs) in either a chart view (VRR charts) or with an integrated system view (VRR GDVs) to provide users with the awareness of reactive power capability and dispatch over the duration of a simulation or spatially. This paper reviews industry practices for reactive power management, summarizes existing visualization strategies, and demonstrates the newly-developed VRRs on a 2000-bus case study.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129367496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Protection Coordination of Islanded Microgrids Utilizing an Adaptive Virtual Impedance Fault Current Limiter","authors":"T. Sati, M. Azzouz, M. Shaaban","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750766","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) have limited fault current contributions compared to those of synchronous-based DGs. These low fault currents impose challenges on microgrid protection. This paper proposes a sensitive protection scheme for islanded microgrids that adopt droop-based IIDGs as the primary power source. Virtual impedance-fault current limiters (VI-FCLs) are employed in the inverter control scheme to limit IIDGs fault currents and protect inverter switches from overcurrent. The VI-FCLs are adapted to provide sensible fault currents. A two-stage optimization method is proposed to achieve optimal protection coordination (OPC) of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). Stage I is devoted to short-circuit currents calculation while involving different adaptive VI-FCL characteristics. In Stage II, the OPC problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem to obtain the minimum relays' total operating time while satisfying protection coordination constraints and solved to obtain the optimal DOCRs set groups. The performance of the proposed protection scheme is tested on a radial microgrid. The results confirm that the proposed protection scheme successfully maintains protection coordination using a single set group for a range of fault resistances.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129085715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Power System Sparse Matrix Statistics","authors":"F. Safdarian, Z. Mao, W. Jang, T. Overbye","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750777","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides practice-oriented statistics on the scalability and the growth of power system sparse matrix computational complexity, with the results based on models of real and synthetic electric grids, including very large grids with up to 110,195 buses. The statistics include how the computational effort of factorizing a Jacobian matrix and the factorization path length scale with the system size $n$, which shows the number of buses. The study shows the number of nonzeros in the Jacobian matrix after factorization grows as $n^{1.07}$, the time to factor the matrix grows as $n^{1.38}$, and Forward (F) /Backward (B) substitution time grows as $n^{1.17}$. In addition, applying sparse vector methods, the fast forward/fast backward substitution (FF/FB) grows as $n^{0.45}$, which shows an improvement in the computational effort. Taking advantage of the statistics mentioned in this paper, the trend, scaling, and computation complexity of factorization steps can be easily predicted.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123225219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wind Turbine Fault Detection Based On Nonlinear Observer","authors":"Ichrak Eben Zaid, Moez Boussada, A. S. Nouri","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750800","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with fault detection strategy used to ensure wind turbine reliability. Based on unknown iput nonlinear observer, the proposed approach have to estimate not only the full system state but also some actuator faults that can be considered as unknown inputs. Compared to some usually used algorithms, this method is caracterized by calculation time earn as well as development effort and accuracy which makes it useful for online implementation even for fast process. Used for linear systems, such approaches demonstrated interesting performances and results. The problem becomes harder for nonlinear systems where models are characterized by complex and coupled behaviors. More over, faults have to be detected as earlier as possible to avoid catastrophic and irreversible damages. In this work, fault detection algorithm based on unknown input high gain observer is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems site of actuator devations. Applied to a simulated wind turbine plant to reconstruct faults altering the electromechanical torque subpart, the results confirmed the accuracy and time convergence performances of the proposed observer which make it an intersting candidate to an online implementation.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132569499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Likelihood-Partitioned Bayesian Framework for Lithium Sulfur Battery State Discharging of Charge Estimation","authors":"Srinivasan Munisamy","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750711","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising energy storage devices and alternative to lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries in electric grid and vehicle applications. However, compared to Li-Ion, the discharge voltage of Li-S is much complex and nonlinear. This results a challenging state of charge (SoC) estimation problem while Li-S is discharging. For such a problem, the traditional extended Kalman filter fails to provide accurate SoC. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel likelihood partitioned Bayesian filtering (LPBF) framework and its linearized version for SoC estimation of discharging Li-S battery cell. Though both traditional EKF and linearized LPBF use a prediction error minimization based equivalent circuit network (ECN) parameterization, the LPBF uses a partitioned ECN parameterization. The portioned models result two likelihoods, whereas the EKF uses a single state-space model throughout discharge from 100 percent SoC to zero SoC. With experiment data obtained at two different temperature conditions, numerical simulation results compare both EKF and linearized LPBF based SoC estimators. Simulation results show that the LPBF's accuracy is impressive, about 97 percent, for considered dynamic load current, operating temperature and uncertain initial SoC conditions.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128447715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Harris, Mohannad Alkhraijah, David Huggins, D. Molzahn
{"title":"On the Impacts of Different Consistency Constraint Formulations for Distributed Optimal Power Flow","authors":"Rachel Harris, Mohannad Alkhraijah, David Huggins, D. Molzahn","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750783","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal power flow (OPF) problem finds the least costly operating point which meets the power grid's operational limits and obeys physical power flow laws. Complementing today's centralized optimization paradigm, future power grids may rely on distributed optimization where multiple agents work together to determine an acceptable operating point. In distributed algorithms, local agents solve subproblems to optimize their region of the system and share data to achieve consistency with their neighboring agents' subproblems. This paper investigates how different methods of enforcing power flow consistency constraints between local areas in distributed optimal power flow impact convergence rate and a classifier's ability to detect malicious cyberattack. The distributed OPF problem is solved with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. First, the ADMM algorithm's convergence rate is compared for three different consistency constraint formulations. Next, the paper considers a cyberattack in which the integrity of information shared between agents is compromised, causing the algorithm to exhibit unacceptable behavior. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained to detect the presence of manipulated data from such cyberattacks. Results demonstrate that consistency constraint formulation impacts the classifier's detection performance; for certain formulations, detection is highly accurate.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126893319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Torque Ripple Minimization using an Artificial Neural Network based Speed Sensor less control of SVM-DTC fed PMSM Drive","authors":"S. K. Kakodia, D. Giribabu, R. Ravula","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750850","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) controller based position sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using Space vector modulation-Direct torque control (SVM-DTC) for variable speed drive has been presented. The SVM-DTC require the initial position of the rotor during the starting of the PMSM drive. The installation of the shaft-mounted position sensor requires additional space, assembly, wiring circuit, and is fragile component. The speed sensor-less control of PMSM enhances the performance of drives in harsh environments and reduces the overall cost of the drive and improve mechanical reliability. The speed estimation requires the knowledge of drive parameters, the model-based speed control technique is suitable for low and medium-speed motor drive applications without knowing the exact parameter of the PMSM drive. The Rotor Flux based Model Reference adaptive system (RF-MRAS) is used for a wide speed operation and estimates rotor angle in dynamic conditions. The presence of an integrator in the voltage model of RF-MRAS affects the low speed performance of the drive, therefore to improve the speed response at low speed, the ANN controller is used to replace the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, which is employed in the adaptive model of the speed observer. The performance of the control scheme is simulated at variable speed and load conditions with the help of the OPAL-RT 4500 simulation platform.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116853932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preetham Goli, Srikanth Yelem, Saad Muaddi, S. Gampa, W. Shireen
{"title":"Optimal Planning of Smart Charging Facilities using Grey Wolf Optimizer","authors":"Preetham Goli, Srikanth Yelem, Saad Muaddi, S. Gampa, W. Shireen","doi":"10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC54980.2022.9750837","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) has a detrimental effect on the operation of the distribution system. Photovoltaic powered charging stations (PCFs) integrated with energy storage offer a viable solution to reduce the dependency on the electric grid for charging PEVs. To maximize the benefits of PCFs, they should be integrated into the distribution network at optimum locations. A well-planned and operated charging facility would provide several benefits to the distribution network, such as reducing power losses, improved voltage regulation, and reactive power support. This paper proposes a three-stage optimization algorithm based on Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for the optimal planning of PCFs integrated with energy storage. The objectives include the reduction of power losses and the improvement in voltage profile while maximizing the contribution from the photovoltaic system. Several scenarios are simulated using the IEEE 13-bus unbalanced radial distribution feeder to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":185211,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}