Medicine and sport science最新文献_第10页

Tai Chi exercise in improving cardiorespiratory capacity. 太极拳运动改善心肺功能。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134284

Everard W Thornton

{"title":"Tai Chi exercise in improving cardiorespiratory capacity.","authors":"Everard W Thornton","doi":"10.1159/000134284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/purpose: To evaluate evidence relating to effects of Tai Chi on cardiovascular outcomes, with emphasis on randomised control designs.Procedure: Studies reviewed in 2004 were re-examined, together with more recent controlled trials of Tai Chi relating to cardiovascular outcome. The analysis provided comment on problems associated with randomised control design, including sources of bias in such trials.Results: With a single exception, data support reduction of baseline systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP). While there may be positive bias in these studies, data are from diverse ethnic groups, different gender, age, and level of functional ability. There are no data relating to BP reactive change to subsequent stressors. Few studies consider potential mediating mechanisms through which Tai Chi may provide these benefits.Implications: Caution is advocated in using randomised controlled trials as the only effective type of study. Such designs are difficult to conduct and effective trials are more likely given a better understanding of the mediating mechanism(s) through which benefits may be derived. It is currently unclear how changes in BP are derived. Some data indicate a shift to increased vagal relative to sympathetic dominance and there may be other potential physiological mediators. No study has examined relationships between potential psychological gains such as self-efficacy and BP change, or individual differences in outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27448037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Neural mechanisms underlying balance control in Tai Chi. 太极拳平衡控制的神经机制。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134289

Strawberry Gatts

{"title":"Neural mechanisms underlying balance control in Tai Chi.","authors":"Strawberry Gatts","doi":"10.1159/000134289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134289","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims: The efficacy of Tai Chi (TC) to improve neuromuscular response characteristics underlying dynamic balance recovery in balance-impaired seniors at high risk for falling was examined during perturbed walking.Methods: Twenty-two subjects were randomized into TC or control groups. Nineteen subjects (68-92 years, BERG 44 or less) completed the study. TC training incorporated repetitive exercises using TC's essential motor/biomechanical strategies, techniques, and postural components. Control training used axial exercises, balance awareness/education and stress reduction. Groups trained 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. After post-testing, controls received TC training. Subjects walked across a force plate triggered to move forward 15 cm at 40 cm/s at heelstrike. Tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius responses during balance recovery were recorded from electromyograms. Four clinical measures of balance were also examined.Results: TC subjects, but not controls, significantly reduced tibialis anterior response time from 148.92 +/- 45.11 ms to 98.67 +/- 17.22 ms (p < or = 0.004) and decreased co-contraction of antagonist muscles (p < or = 0.003) of the perturbed leg. All clinical balance measures significantly improved after TC.Conclusions: TC training transferred to improved neuromuscular responses controlling the ankle joint during perturbed gait in balance-impaired seniors who had surgical interventions to their back, hips, knees and arthritis. The fast, accurate neuromuscular activation crucial for efficacious response to slips also transferred to four clinical measures of functional balance. Significant enhancement was achieved with 3 weeks of training.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"87-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27448530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Cooling interventions for the protection and recovery of exercise performance from exercise-induced heat stress. 冷却干预对保护和恢复运动表现从运动引起的热应激。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000151552

Rob Duffield

{"title":"Cooling interventions for the protection and recovery of exercise performance from exercise-induced heat stress.","authors":"Rob Duffield","doi":"10.1159/000151552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000151552","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to review the literature on the use of cooling interventions in the protection of and recovery of performance from exercise-induced heat stress. This chapter will deal primarily with the effects of pre-cooling on the improvement in exercise performance and the effects of post-exercise cooling on recovery. While pre-cooling has received much research attention, the mechanisms resulting in enhanced performance remain equivocal and moreover, pre-cooling has previously only been considered effective for endurance performance. More recent research describing the effects of pre-cooling on exercise performance and prevention of heat-related illness will be examined. This chapter will also deal with the suppression of exercise performance following heat stress and the use of cooling methods to improve the recovery of muscle function and subsequent exercise performance. Given the use of cold water immersion as a recovery practice of many athletes, a surprising lack of research has been conducted on the effects of cooling as a recovery tool from heat stress. As such, this chapter will discuss the use of cooling interventions on both the prevention of heat stress and recovery of performance from exercise-induced heat stress.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"53 ","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000151552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27978649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Ethnicity and temperature regulation. 种族和温度调节。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000151553

Michael I Lambert, Theresa Mann, Jonathan P Dugas

{"title":"Ethnicity and temperature regulation.","authors":"Michael I Lambert, Theresa Mann, Jonathan P Dugas","doi":"10.1159/000151553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000151553","url":null,"abstract":"There are at least 31 climatic zones around the world ranging from year-round freezing conditions to daily hot temperatures of around 45 degrees C. Each zone is inhabited by people who have adapted their lifestyles to accommodate the environmental conditions. There are many examples showing physiological and morphological differences between groups living in different environmental conditions (i.e. climate has been shown to influence characteristics including birth weight, body shape and composition, cranial morphology and skin color and sensitivity). Whilst the phenotypic differences are very clear, the genotypic differences are less easy to discern. This can be attributed to the logistical difficulties in executing the definitive study which controls for the environmental and lifestyle factors which themselves induce physiological and morphological changes. However, considering that at least 50 genes have been identified which have altered expression after exposure to heat and at least 20 genes are altered by cold exposure, it is reasonable to assume that more physiological and morphological differences will be attributed to genetic origins as the data becomes available.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"53 ","pages":"104-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000151553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27978650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms amongst Chinese older patients with major depression: the role of social support. 太极拳对中国老年抑郁症患者抑郁症状的影响:社会支持的作用。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134295

Kee-Lee Cho

{"title":"Effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms amongst Chinese older patients with major depression: the role of social support.","authors":"Kee-Lee Cho","doi":"10.1159/000134295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134295","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine whether the effects of Tai Chi training on depressive symptoms in Chinese older patients with depression remained statistically significant after social support was controlled. Fourteen community-dwelling older patients from a psychogeriatric outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to either a 3-month Tai Chi intervention with 36 sessions or a wait-list control. Depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), whereas social support was measured by the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS). By performing multiple regression analyses, we examined whether the effect of group assignment (Tai Chi and control groups) on five measures of depressive symptoms (i.e. the total scores of the CES-D scale, and scores of all its subscales including symptoms related to somatic, negative affect, interpersonal relation, and well-being) remained significant after controlling for age, gender, education, and LSNS. Results indicate that the beneficial impact of Tai Chi on five measures of depressive symptoms remained significant when we adjusted for age, gender, and education. On the other hand, the effect of our intervention disappeared when changes of social support were controlled for. Social support might be partly responsible for the effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms because practicing Tai Chi is a social activity in nature.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"146-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27448535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Neuromuscular response to exercise heat stress. 神经肌肉对运动热应激的反应。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000151549

Stephen S Cheung

{"title":"Neuromuscular response to exercise heat stress.","authors":"Stephen S Cheung","doi":"10.1159/000151549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000151549","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia, through either passive exposure or exercise in hot environments, can severely impair exercise capacity, and one primary pathway of impairment may be the neuromuscular system. This is because fatigue or reduced exercise capacity in other physiological systems ultimately terminate in an inability of the muscle to adequately generate the required force to maintain a desired workload. In addition, the functional capacity of the neuromuscular system, from the central activation of the motor unit pool, through neural transmission along the peripheral nervous system, and at the individual muscle fibre, can be directly altered by elevations in local muscle and core temperature. Fatigue is a multi-modal phenomenon, so the purpose of this chapter is to survey the direct effects of heating on neuromuscular function, from the electrophysiology of isolated motor units undergoing stimulation, to isometric and dynamic contractions of isolated muscles, and through to wholebody exercise. A second objective is to briefly summarize the major methods employed by thermal and muscle physiologists to investigate muscle function, and highlight some of the limitations and challenges with current knowledge and technology.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"53 ","pages":"39-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000151549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27978646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Exercise heat stress and metabolism. 锻炼热应激和新陈代谢。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000151554

Toby Mündel

{"title":"Exercise heat stress and metabolism.","authors":"Toby Mündel","doi":"10.1159/000151554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000151554","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from few studies, the majority of the research conducted on the effects of heat stress on energy metabolism during exercise has only been done so in the past two decades. Whilst increasing exercise duration under conditions of heat stress favours the oxidation of carbohydrate (CHO) and appears to increase the rate of muscle glycogenolysis, total CHO oxidation is often less and levels of muscle glycogen remain much higher at the point of fatigue when compared with the same exercise without heat stress. Furthermore, supplementing CHO during exercise in the heat appears to exert an ergogenic effect that is not related to 'peripheral' but rather 'central' factors. However, there may be a role for the excess ammonia (NH3) produced in the exercising muscle during heat stress, as cerebral uptake and subsequent metabolism of NH3 may have detrimental effects on cerebral function. Recent exciting results point toward an increased cerebral CHO uptake relative to that of O2, termed the cerebral metabolic ratio (CMR) during exercise with heat stress, although a causative link between this and reduced exercise performance has yet to be identified. Therefore, it appears that despite a shift towards greater CHO utilisation in both skeletal muscular and cerebral metabolism, these responses have ultimately not proved limiting to exercise with heat stress.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"53 ","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000151554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27978651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Tai Chi improves pain and functional status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial. 太极拳改善成人风湿性关节炎的疼痛和功能状态:一项试点单盲随机对照试验的结果。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134302

Chenchen Wang

{"title":"Tai Chi improves pain and functional status in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Chenchen Wang","doi":"10.1159/000134302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134302","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious health problem resulting in significant morbidity and disability. Tai Chi may be beneficial to patients with RA as a result of effects on muscle strength and 'mind-body' interactions. To obtain preliminary data on the effects of Tai Chi on RA, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial. Twenty patients with functional class I or II RA were randomly assigned to Tai Chi or attention control in twice-weekly sessions for 12 weeks. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response criterion, functional capacity, health-related quality of life and the depression index were assessed.Results: At 12 weeks, 5/10 patients (50%) randomized to Tai Chi achieved an ACR 20% response compared with 0/10 (0%) in the control (p = 0.03). Tai Chi had greater improvement in the disability index (p = 0.01), vitality subscale of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (p = 0.01) and the depression index (p = 0.003). Similar trends to improvement were also observed for disease activity, functional capacity and health-related quality of life. No adverse events were observed and no patients withdrew from the study.Conclusion: Tai Chi appears safe and may be beneficial for functional class I or II RA. These promising results warrant further investigation into the potential complementary role of Tai Chi for treatment of RA.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"218-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27447946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 92

Tai Chi exercise and the improvement of mental and physical health among college students. 太极拳运动与大学生身心健康的改善。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134294

Yong 'Tai' Wang

{"title":"Tai Chi exercise and the improvement of mental and physical health among college students.","authors":"Yong 'Tai' Wang","doi":"10.1159/000134294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134294","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: Physical exercise has positive effects on the body as well as on the mind. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on college students' perceptions of their physical and mental health. A 3-month Tai Chi intervention (1 h, twice/week) was administrated to 30 college students. The SF-36v2 health survey questionnaire was employed to evaluate the mental health dimension (MHD) and physical health dimension (PHD) before and after the intervention by means of a paired t test (p < 0.05). PHD including physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, and MHD including social functioning, role mental/emotion function, vitality, and perceptions of mental health were assessed.Results: Physical measures of bodily pain and general health, and mental measures of role mental/emotion function, vitality, and mental health were significantly improved after Tai Chi intervention. When the overall PHD or MHD scores were evaluated, the MHD increased significantly.Conclusions: Tai Chi exercise had positive effects on the self-assessed physical and mental health of college students. Scores on the MHD appeared to be particularly sensitive to change. Colleges/universities might consider offering Tai Chi as a component of their ongoing physical activity programs available to students.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27448534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Tai Chi and falls prevention in older people. 太极拳和老年人预防跌倒。

Medicine and sport science Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000134293

Peter A Harmer, Fuzhong Li

{"title":"Tai Chi and falls prevention in older people.","authors":"Peter A Harmer, Fuzhong Li","doi":"10.1159/000134293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000134293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considerable research evidence has been accumulated since 1990 that practicing Tai Chi can ameliorate multiple characteristics in older adults that place them at increased risk of falling, including poor balance, loss of strength, limited flexibility, and fear of falling. However, relatively few studies have directly examined the influence of Tai Chi practice on falls in this population.Results: Nine randomized controlled trials utilizing Tai Chi (n = 6), or Tai Chi-inspired exercise (n = 3), were published between 1996 and July, 2007. The studies varied considerably on study settings, participant characteristics, sample size, type of Tai Chi intervention, length of intervention and quality of the study design. Of the six studies that used Tai Chi forms, three showed significant improvement in fall-related outcomes. One study using Tai Chi-inspired exercise also had a significant fall-related outcome.Conclusion: Despite the evidence demonstrating the beneficial influence of Tai Chi practice on known risk factors for falling in older adults, evidence indicating an actual impact on falls-related outcomes is equivocal. More large-scale, longitudinal studies with consistent intervention parameters and clinically meaningful outcome variables are needed to a clarify the role of Tai Chi in effective falls prevention programs. The recent development of a standardized, research-to-practice Tai Chi falls prevention program may be an important step in this process.","PeriodicalId":18475,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and sport science","volume":"52 ","pages":"124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000134293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27448533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42