The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion最新文献_第2页

Bandwagon Effects, Information Cascades, and the Power in Numbers 从众效应、信息级联和人数的力量

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.12

S. Lohmann

{"title":"Bandwagon Effects, Information Cascades, and the Power in Numbers","authors":"S. Lohmann","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"Numbers are bandied about persuasively in the run-up to elections. Political parties read the tea leaves of past elections and current polls, and voters tune in for the news media’s horse race coverage of political campaigns. The numbers fixation goes into overdrive in view of election cascades, as exemplified by presidential primaries in the United States and Land (regional state) elections in Germany. An unexpectedly good or bad showing in one election creates positive or negative momentum in the next, and regional elections serve a barometer function for national elections. As if the system isn’t already busy enough generating numbers, the political parties sponsor cascades of straw polls (“if the election were held today, whom would you vote for?”). The overall picture is one of an electorate endlessly jabbering away in a multilogue with itself and the political parties. In the end, notwithstanding the inordinate amount of numbers sloshing around in the system, election day is always good for a surprise, for every now and then, the underdog wins.—What are we to make of this racket? The literature on political persuasion zig zags between two opposite and equally unsatisfying explanations, namely, mindlessly conformist bandwagons and rationally uninformative information cascades. To fill this explanatory void, this chapter draws on the protest movement literature for its revolutionary bandwagons and turbulent information cascades. Suites of elections (primary and general, regional and national) and the attendant pre-election public opinion polls unearth hidden knowledge, which is why numbers are meaningful and influential.","PeriodicalId":184516,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion","volume":"690 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Online Versus Offline Strategies in Comparative Perspective 比较视角下的线上与线下策略

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.43

Tiago Silva

{"title":"Online Versus Offline Strategies in Comparative Perspective","authors":"Tiago Silva","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.43","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet has undoubtedly become, in this last decade, an important new arena for political communication. Nonetheless, during electoral campaigns, the use of this medium poses both challenges and advantages for the institutional communication made by political parties and candidates. An often-overlooked advantage is the possibility, particularly on social media, for parties and candidates to bypass journalists and communicate directly to a large and varied audience. This aspect is particularly relevant since the literature has been noting, in the last decades, a decline in the salience of substantive political information in the mainstream news coverage of political events. By comparing the political actors’ campaigns on social media with press news coverage of those campaigns, this chapter examines the role and impact of the Internet on modern political communication. An extensive content analysis of four electoral campaigns in four different countries (United States, Italy, Brazil, and Portugal) shows that candidates’ and parties’ online campaigns, compared to news articles in the press, tend to be more frequently framed in terms of substantive political issues. Even though there are differences between political actors and the social media platforms used (Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube), the results suggest that, overall, candidates and parties do actually try to convey substantive political information when communicating directly to the electorate. Furthermore, compared to articles in the press, social media campaigns also tend to be less frequently framed in terms of conflict, political scandals, and strategy aspects.","PeriodicalId":184516,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124063110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Persuasion and Issue Voting 说服与议题投票

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.8

B. Grofman

引用次数: 0

Social Network Effects in Developing Countries 发展中国家的社会网络效应

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.20

Cesi Cruz, Horacio Larreguy, J. Marshall

引用次数: 0

Appealing to Diverse Electorates in the United States 在美国吸引不同的选民

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.34

Dave Searle, Marisa A. Abrajano

引用次数: 2

Interest Groups and Elections 利益团体与选举

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.31

J. Berry

引用次数: 2

The Utility and Content of Traditional Ads 传统广告的效用和内容

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.30

Michael M. Franz

引用次数: 0

How Electoral Spending Relates to Political Persuasion 选举支出与政治说服有何关系

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.41

David B. Magleby

{"title":"How Electoral Spending Relates to Political Persuasion","authors":"David B. Magleby","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.41","url":null,"abstract":"A necessary element of electoral campaigns in mass democracies is money to fund candidate or party campaigns. This is especially true in the United States with its largely privately funded campaigns and primary elections, which determine party nominees. Campaigns expend these funds to persuade voters to turn out and vote for their preferred candidate. Factors such as competitiveness, electoral size, and type of election influence the importance and effectiveness of campaign spending. Since one marker of candidate viability is early fundraising efforts, called the “money primary,” candidates in privately funded systems must first persuade individuals and groups to contribute to their campaigns or spend independently on their behalf. What, if any, limits are placed on who and how much can be contributed to campaigns also play a large role in US elections. Since 2010, there has been a movement away from limiting what individuals and groups, including unions and corporations, can contribute and spend independently on races. These finances fund persuasion efforts, which have largely been on paid television advertising, but have increasingly been spent on database development for individual voter contacts and on social media. These persuasion efforts have changed in recent elections, as the Obama presidential campaigns made innovative use of email and social media, and the Trump campaign of 2016 expanded the use of Facebook and other social media compared to prior campaigns. In all cases, spending on electoral persuasion is used to mobilize or demobilize voters or motivate donors.","PeriodicalId":184516,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Incentives and Effects of Independent and Government-Controlled Media in the Developing World 发展中国家独立和政府控制的媒体的激励和影响

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.13

Horacio Larreguy, J. Marshall

引用次数: 6

The Strategic Adaptation of the Populist Radical Right in Western Europe 西欧民粹主义极右翼的战略适应

The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion Pub Date : 2020-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.56

Elie Michel

{"title":"The Strategic Adaptation of the Populist Radical Right in Western Europe","authors":"Elie Michel","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.56","url":null,"abstract":"Populist radical right parties have long been considered to mobilize their voters on specific issues, which they are deemed to “own.” Voters support these parties largely because of their “nativist” agenda, and more precisely because of their stance against immigration. In fact, research had established a “winning formula” of electoral persuasion for radical right parties, referring to a combination of “economically neoliberal” and “authoritarian” appeals that would jointly explain the strong electoral support. However, populist radical right parties have transformed their positions, through “second order messages,” by investing in a socioeconomic issue agenda. These parties can increase their electoral support by siding with their working class voters on redistributive issues, particularly through a welfare chauvinist frame. This chapter argues that populist radical right parties have strategically shifted on this latter dimension in order to adapt to their voters’ preferences. It shows that, in view of increased electoral persuasion, populist radical right parties modify some of their positions to tailor them to their working-class core electoral clientele.","PeriodicalId":184516,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133932939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3