Ricardo Arjona, Craig Lee, M. Razo, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, Kumaran Vijayasankar
{"title":"A Sub-1 GHz Wireless Sensor Network Concentrator Using Multicollectors with Load Balancing for Improved Capacity and Performance","authors":"Ricardo Arjona, Craig Lee, M. Razo, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, Kumaran Vijayasankar","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595068","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential growth of IoT end devices creates the necessity for cost-effective solutions to further increase the capacity of IEEE802.15.4g-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). For this reason, the authors present a wireless sensor network concentrator (WSNC) that integrates multiple collocated collectors, each of them hosting an independent WSN on a unique frequency channel. A load balancing algorithm is implemented at the WSNC to uniformly distribute the number of aggregated sensor nodes across the available collectors. The WSNC is implemented using a BeagleBone board acting as the Network Concentrator (NC) whereas collectors and sensor nodes realizing the WSNs are built using the TI CC13X0 LaunchPads. The system is assessed using a testbed consisting of one NC with up to four collocated collectors and fifty sensor nodes. The performance evaluation is carried out under race conditions in the WSNs to emulate high dense networks with different network sizes and channel gaps. The experimental results show that the multicollector system with load balancing proportionally scales the capacity of the network, increases the packet delivery ratio, and reduces the energy consumption of the IoT end devices.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124346120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. N. Sakib, R. Sreekumar, Vaibhav Verma, Tommy Tracy, M. Stan
{"title":"ATCPiM: Analog to Time Coded Processing in Memory for IoT at the Edge","authors":"M. N. Sakib, R. Sreekumar, Vaibhav Verma, Tommy Tracy, M. Stan","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595467","url":null,"abstract":"Data conversion from analog to digital and time domains and data transfer costs are the main bottlenecks in designing energy & area efficient near-sensor processing architectures. In this paper, we propose a temporal Processing in Memory architecture that addresses both data conversion and data transfer costs. We develop a novel analog to time encoding method that translates the incoming analog signal directly into a time-coded value, reducing data conversion costs. To do this, we exploit the linear kinematics of skyrmions in magnetic racetracks and propose a skyrmion-based non-volatile temporal memory architecture that employs time encoding. We also reduce the data transfer costs by processing the temporally stored data during the memory read operation. A read unit shared between the temporal memory cells acts as the processing element (PE) in our proposed design. Thus, the proposed approach enables the reduction of both data conversion and data transfer costs achieving < 340 fJ/conversion and approximately 530-660 fJ/operation.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132357068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krzysztof Kanciak, M. Jarosz, Pawel Glebocki, K. Wrona
{"title":"Enabling civil-military information sharing in federated smart environments","authors":"Krzysztof Kanciak, M. Jarosz, Pawel Glebocki, K. Wrona","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595715","url":null,"abstract":"Future emergency response and disaster recovery operations will increasingly rely on an up-to-date operational picture obtained from IoT devices deployed in the operational theatre. Some of these IoT devices will be present in the environment as a part of the civilian smart infrastructure, while others will be a part of the deployable military infrastructure. We present a high-level design for a federated smart environment enabling secure civil-military information sharing in support of emergency response and disaster recovery operations. Our security architecture, relying on standardized protocols, data formats and interfaces, spans from physical sensors through network and processing layers to applications. The proposed novel security mechanisms cover confidentiality, integrity and availability of information at rest, in transfer and in use.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130014489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Real-time Learning for Edge-Cloud Continuum with Vehicular Computing","authors":"Ella Peltonen, Arun Sojan, Tero Päivärinta","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595628","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor-driven IoT systems are well-known for their capacity to accelerate massive amounts of data in a comparatively short period of time. To have any use, the information delivery and decision making based on the data require efficient learning models together with dynamically deployed computing and network resources. The current cloud and high-performance computing infrastructures, as well as modern edge computing systems especially in the 5G and beyond networks, can be addressed to resolve these challenges. However, there are several application areas especially in vehicular and urban computing, where just harnessing more computational power does not solve computational and real-time requirements of the modern sensing systems that operate in mobile and context-dependent environments. For now, the mathematical challenges of distributed computing and real-time learning algorithms have not been profoundly addressed in the context of the IoT and real-world sensing applications. Data-driven systems also require giving full attention to information delivery, data management, data cleaning, and sensor fusion technologies that need to be equally distributed and real-time competent as the learning algorithms themselves. New software-defined computing and networking approaches and architectures are required to orchestrate the numerous connected resources dynamically, controllably, and securely along with the evolving needs. The key challenge here is to uniform collaboration between different aspects of the system, from data processing and delivery to the algorithms and learning models, not forgetting the computational capacity and networking capabilities, all this in real-time with real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130057709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Learning of CSI for Efficient Device-free Human Activity Recognition","authors":"Danista Khan, I. W. Ho","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595661","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, wireless sensing is gaining popularity in the applications of indoor localization and human activity recognition (HAR). As wireless signals are sensitive to human motion, they reflect and scatter in different directions depending on the activities performed by people. The channel state information (CSI) stores the combined effect of changes in the environment, and such stored pattern is utilized to recognize different human activities such as walking, standing, and sitting. Prior studies on activity recognition mostly differentiate human activities by classifying one complete series into an activity. However, these approaches require massive datasets to give accurate results in real-time scenarios, and the classification is in fact based on short-term activity samples instead of the complete activity series. In this paper, highly accurate sample-level activity recognition is achieved by exploiting a special type of convolutional neural network (CNN), U-Net. The data collection setup does not require manual feature extraction and can efficiently classify short-term activity samples. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed architecture can classify different levels of human activities with an accuracy of 98.57%, which outperforms conventional Deep Neural Network by 14.67% for the same dataset.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"77 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132790012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gait-based People Identification with Millimeter-Wave Radio","authors":"M. Z. Ozturk, Chenshu Wu, Beibei Wang, K. Liu","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595283","url":null,"abstract":"Human gait has been proposed as a biometric that could be used to monitor and identify people unobtrusively. A pervasive gait recognition system would require robustness against environmental changes, minimum cooperation for registering new users, and it should maintain high accuracy over different locations and times, without the need for re-calibration. In this paper, we present a high-accuracy gait recognition system with minimal training requirement using a single commodity millimeter wave (mmWave) radio. In order to reduce the training overhead, we propose a novel 3D joint-feature representation of micro-Doppler and micro-Range signatures that can comprehensively embody the physical relevant features of one’s gait. Our system can automatically detect and segment human walking into gait cycles and effectively extract features with several signal processing methods. These features are then used with a simple convolutional neural network that can be trained quickly. We implement and evaluate our system through experiments conducted at 6 different locations in a typical indoor space with 10 subjects over a month, resulting in >50,000 gait instances. The results indicate that our system achieves an accuracy of 96.1% with a single gait cycle and this performance is sustained over different locations and times.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gouissem, K. Abualsaud, E. Yaacoub, T. Khattab, M. Guizani
{"title":"Securing IoT Cooperative Networks Using Energy Harvesting.","authors":"A. Gouissem, K. Abualsaud, E. Yaacoub, T. Khattab, M. Guizani","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595654","url":null,"abstract":"An energy efficient and secure Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare system is proposed in this paper. By exploiting spatial diversity, energy harvesting and physical layer security techniques, the proposed approach secures the network from malicious eavesdroppers while efficiently harvesting the energy necessary to continue the transmissions with the available limited power resources and with the assistance of one intermediate node. An artificial noise jamming signal is also introduced to further protect the private data from being intercepted and overheard. Both the conducted Monte-Carlo simulations as well as the analytical derivations confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach in maintaining a power-stable and secure communication network.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114809187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parking Space Occupancy Monitoring System Using Computer Vision and IoT","authors":"Luiz Eduardo Giampaoli, Fabiano Hessel","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595935","url":null,"abstract":"The process of organizing and managing parking spaces presents challenges for both the public and private sectors. Many of these challenges are caused by the inability to generate new parking spaces at the same pace as population adherence to new vehicles. Constantly improving technology in the fields of sensing and machine vision allow us to create systems that offer functionalities that are impractical to be performed with low human resources in large parking operations. An example of this type of functionality is real-time parking space occupancy monitoring. The objective of this work is the development of a system to monitor the occupancy of parking spaces. To achieve this goal, computer vision related technology integrated by an IoT platform will be used. The system was validated using different scenarios with different lighting intensities. The results are very promising even in cases where there was low ambient light","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114924735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Securely & Efficiently Integrating Constrained Devices into an ICN-IoT","authors":"Nicholas K. Clark","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595708","url":null,"abstract":"IoT is a significant recent development that aims to interconnect billions of internet-connected devices and sensors and requires high scalability and comprehensive security. This work provides an architecture based on Information-Centric Networking (ICN) to address security and scalability challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). We present a framework and supporting protocols that extend prior work to address authentication, registration, secure forwarding, and service authorization and discovery of constrained devices into an ICN-based IoT in a highly scalable way. Our approach allows these constrained devices operating in low-power lossy networks to achieve this using pure ICN communications. The device nodes participating in our architecture are assumed to be constrained, so cryptographic operations are kept to a minimum using lightweight symmetric encryption functions while they rely on unconstrained coordinating nodes in concert with a security manager service to manage authentication, key distribution, and security oversight.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128250702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naser Hossein Motlagh, Pupu Toivonen, M. A. Zaidan, Eemil Lagerspetz, Ella Peltonen, Ekaterina Gilman, P. Nurmi, S. Tarkoma
{"title":"Monitoring Social Distancing in Smart Spaces using Infrastructure-Based Sensors","authors":"Naser Hossein Motlagh, Pupu Toivonen, M. A. Zaidan, Eemil Lagerspetz, Ella Peltonen, Ekaterina Gilman, P. Nurmi, S. Tarkoma","doi":"10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595897","url":null,"abstract":"Social distancing is a critical tool for mitigating disease transmission, particularly in crowded indoor spaces. In this paper, we contribute by assessing the feasibility of re-purposing existing infrastructure of occupancy monitoring sensors and environmental sensors for the dual purpose of monitoring social distancing and supporting disease transmission risk estimation. We consider 410 continuous days of measurements from CO2 and PIR (passive infrared) motion detectors collected from a collaborative smart space, prior to the start of the pandemic in 2017-2018. We demonstrate how these sensors can be used to estimate occupancy levels, as well as analyze occupancy patterns within the space. We also consider the use of overall air quality within the space for estimating insights about potential transmission risks. Based on our analysis, we derive insights into how infrastructure-based sensors can be used to detect problematic areas in the space and offer guidelines on how to modify these areas to be more social distancing aware.","PeriodicalId":184138,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128684629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}