Nigerian Journal of Entomology最新文献_第5页

Biodiversity and Conservation in Entomology in the 21st Century: An Overview 21世纪昆虫学的生物多样性与保护综述

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.10

N. Lale

{"title":"Biodiversity and Conservation in Entomology in the 21st Century: An Overview","authors":"N. Lale","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity accounts for the variability among living organisms and its conservation presents insights for mitigating the problem of depletion or exhaustion of biological resources. From the simplest level of genes, species, and ecosystems; biodiversity provides a wide range of goods and services for survival with potential direct or indirect utilization by humans. Biodiversity is key as it constitutes the rich biological resources that typically measures all variations at the genetic, species and ecosystem level and is particularly important for nutrient recycling in soil fertility maintenance; purification of water and air and detoxification of wastes as well as for mitigating pollution and moderation of floods and droughts. It is also invaluable for protecting watersheds and combating erosion; stabilization of climate; and control of pests and diseases. The diversity of insect species is unparalleled being estimated at 1.5 million species but biodiversity is generally threatened in Nigeria by high population growth rate, poverty, policy and legislation constraints as well as poor land use planning and climate change among others. The direct threats to biodiversity in Nigeria include habitat degradation, unsustainable agricultural practices and unsustainable harvesting of biological resources among others. The major approach to biodiversity conservation in Nigeria is the protected-area system and the establishment of a National Insect Museum to be domiciled in one of the Federal Universities is key.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121018094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioefficacy of Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica as Field Protectants of Pawpaw Against Paracoccus marginatus Will. and Granara de Willink in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria 水蜜桃、金鲜草和印楝提取物作为木瓜田间保护剂对边缘副绦虫的生物功效研究。以及尼日利亚西南部伊巴丹的Granara de Willink

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.60

S. Okeke

{"title":"Bioefficacy of Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica as Field Protectants of Pawpaw Against Paracoccus marginatus Will. and Granara de Willink in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"S. Okeke","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.60","url":null,"abstract":"The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is a small sized polyphagous invasive hemipteran bug that attacks several genera of host plants, causing considerable yield loss. Commonly used insecticidal control is being discouraged due to environmental and human health hazards. Information on the control of this pest with botanicals is scanty, therefore the control using selected botanicals was investigated. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three botanicals: Hyptis suaveolens, Eugenia aromatica and Azadirachta indica were evaluated in screen cages (1.80×0.60×1.50m) for contact toxicity following standard procedures. Cypermethrin® (100 ml a.i ha-1) was used as a standard check. The secondary metabolites in the three plants were analyzed for saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and cardinolides following standard procedures. Effective concentration was determined using probit analysis. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the botanicals caused adult mortality of P. marginatus. However, the difference in percentage mortality in aqueous extracts of A. indica (54.28±1.7), H. suaveolens (47.5±4.1) and E. aromatica (48.6±1.1) were not significant (P>0.05). Percentage mortality of ethanolic extracts of A. indica (87.40±4.8) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than both E. aromatica (74.40.16±2.4) and H. suaveolens (72.10.58±2.8). Concentration of the secondary metabolites varied in the botanicals with H. suaveolens having higher flavonoids (107.08mg/100g), cardinolides (46.06 mg/100g) and terpenoids (3.17mg/100g) while A. indica had higher saponins (10.33mg/100g) and phenols (1938.48mg/100g) while E. aromatica had comparatively higher alkaloids (0.59%). The LC50 ranged from 3.61mg/kg in A. indica, to 4.64mg/kg in E. aromatica and 4.52mg/kg in H. suaveolens. The ethanolic extracts of botanicals evaluated were more effective than the aqueous extracts and can serve as a substitute to the synthetic insecticides for the control of P. marginatus.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"812 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114051479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution and Abundance of Spider Fauna in Zaria Local Government Area, North West, Nigeria 尼日利亚西北部扎里亚地方政府地区蜘蛛区系的分布和数量

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.30

I. Isa

{"title":"Distribution and Abundance of Spider Fauna in Zaria Local Government Area, North West, Nigeria","authors":"I. Isa","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.30","url":null,"abstract":"Spiders are among the most diverse arthropod groups of organisms. This study investigated the distribution and abundance of spiders in five locations in Zaria Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted for five months, from April to August, 2018. Samples were collected twice each month using vegetation beating, trapping using bottle and handpicking methods. The abundance of each species of spider identified was expressed in percentages while diversity was revealed using Shannon-Wiener diversity index. A total of 217 spiders were collected from all the study locations which belong to 14 families, 24 genera and 28 species. The study locations differ in terms of vegetation, topography and habitat structures. Family Lycosidae was found to be the dominant family which include four genera and five species, followed, by Agelenidae, Amaurobidae and Gnaphosidae which have a species proportion of 10.7% each and 3 species abundance. Area II (Tudun Serika) the most diverse, with 60 spiders collected in this area, belonging to 11 families, 18 genera and 19 species. Area IV (_________) was the least in terms of spider species diversity and abundance with only 12 spiders, belonging to four genera and four families. Cesonia bilineata had high dominance index of 1.315. There is need for proper documentation of spider species available in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130959203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residual Content of Persistent Insecticides in the Fresh Nuts of Cola Acuminata Cohac from Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State and Implication for Public Health 卡诺州Kumbotso地方政府地区鲜果中持久性杀虫剂残留量及其对公共卫生的影响

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.70

Z. Alkali

{"title":"Residual Content of Persistent Insecticides in the Fresh Nuts of Cola Acuminata Cohac from Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State and Implication for Public Health","authors":"Z. Alkali","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.70","url":null,"abstract":"The pesticide residues in kola nut, Cola acuminata obtained from Mariri Market, Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano state of Nigeria was investigated. The study consisted of a survey and laboratory analysis of kola nut samples. One hundred structured questionnaires were administered through an open market format in the major kola nut market in the state. In addition, 1kg sample of kola nut was collected randomly from ten major kola nut sellers in the market for analysis. A 100g sample of the kola nut was pounded into paste in a blender of which 50g was soaked in 150mL acetone for 24h. The extracted sample was filtered through anhydrous sodium sulfate while the extract was evaporated to near dryness using a rotary evaporator at 28oC in the Laboratory. Residue was redissolved in 2 mL acetone and kept in the refrigerator for GCMS Analysis. Ten pesticidal compounds were detected from a comparison of data with reference to mass spectrometry data (NIST05.LIB) and significant occurrence in kola nut sample which had a corresponding molecules affiliated to some pesticides standards were detected in the sample","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"741 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116994845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioefficacy of Some Botanicals Against Gum Arabic Borer, Bruchus baudni Caill (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Senegalia senegal Seeds 几种植物制剂防治阿拉伯胶蛀虫、布氏夜蛾(鞘翅目:布氏夜蛾科)对塞内加尔种子的生物药效研究

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.40

B. Wudil

{"title":"Bioefficacy of Some Botanicals Against Gum Arabic Borer, Bruchus baudni Caill (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on Stored Senegalia senegal Seeds","authors":"B. Wudil","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.40","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bio-pesticides has proven to be successful approach in controlling agricultural insect pests. Study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano to study the Biology of Bruchus baudni on treated Senegalia senegal seeds. Seed oils and leaf powders of K. senegalensis and M. oleifera at three concentrations each, a chemical insecticide (Aluminum phosphide as standard check) and a control were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. Data collected were oviposition, egg hatchability and developmental stages. The results indicated significant reduction in the number of eggs laid (1% and 1.38%) and hatchability (0.00% and 0.57%) on both seed oil and leaf powder treatments, respectively; however, the control recorded the highest eggs laid (99.9%) and number of emerged B. baudni (99.2%). The present findings showed that seeds and leaves of mahogany and moringa were effective as protectant against some of the development stages of B. baudni. Therefore, based on the present results, mahogany and moringa seeds and leaves could be explored to replace the synthetic insecticides in the management of B. baudni especially as components of integrated pest management strategy.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134208597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biodiversity of Insect Vectors and Parasites: Prospects and Challenges in the 21st Century 昆虫媒介与寄生虫生物多样性:21世纪的展望与挑战

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.20

G. Mwansat

{"title":"Biodiversity of Insect Vectors and Parasites: Prospects and Challenges in the 21st Century","authors":"G. Mwansat","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines diversity of insect vectors and parasites/vector-borne diseases also the successes and challenges in vector control in the 21st century and the way forward suggested. The generally accepted insect biodiversity is estimated to be 5.5 million worldwide with only about 1.5 million described. Generally, four insect orders: Coloeptera, Lepidopera, Hymenoptera and Odonata have been well studied and broadly described. Majority of insect species are known to be beneficial to man and the environment however, insect vectors which are fewer have been identified as causes of morbidity. Mosquitoes which are hematophagous insect vectors are known to be the leading vector for human infectious agents. Insecticides majorly dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were therefore used for the control of insect vectors. This succeeded only for a short while in the 19th century due to insect vector resistance and the widely condemned ecological disadvantages. This led to the development of safer and more effective insecticides such as the pyrethriods although also plagued with the tendencies of insect vector resistance. However, it has been strongly indicated that there are links between drivers of global biodiversity modification and vector-borne diseases. This is identified as the strongest reason for control programs that are all encompassing, engaging different fields and institutions, communities and individuals. The Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is therefore, advocated as the way forward for control of insect vector in the 21st century. It is encouraged to be practised putting the basic principles of biodiversity conservation which are ensuring biological diversity, ecological integrity and resilience in proper perspective.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous Pod Extract of Adansonia Digitata (Linnaeus, 1753) on Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) Maulik 滇菊(Linnaeus, 1753)豆荚水提液对致倦库蚊(Say, 1823)的杀幼虫活性

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.11

B. Kamba

{"title":"Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous Pod Extract of Adansonia Digitata (Linnaeus, 1753) on Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) Maulik","authors":"B. Kamba","doi":"10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluatrd the effect of Baobab, Adansonia digitata pod extract on larvae of Culex quinquefaciatus. The plant material was sun-dried for two weeks and pulverized using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further processes. Powdered plant material was extracted using aqueous cold extraction method. The condensed extract was screened for phytochemicals. Indoor resting adult blood-fed female Culex mosquitoes were collected and introduced into Entomological Cages in the Laboratory and oviposited on water in the bowls. The third instar larvae were confirmed as Cx. quinquefasciatus using Hopkins keys for Culicinae. Triplicates of twenty-five late third instar larvae were tested in pod extract concentrations of 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.0mg/L and 2.50mg/L. Mortality was recorded after 24hr of exposure. The LC50 was determined using probit analysis, while one-way ANOVA was used to establish significant differences in larval mean mortality. Phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were present. The mean mortality of test concentrations differed significantly (p≤0.05) from control. However, the concentrations: 0.5mg/L and 8.0mg/L had 49% and 71% mortalities, respectively with LC50 of 0.6mg/L. It can be concluded that, the aqueous pod extract of Adansonia digitata demonstrated good activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Adansonia digitata pod extracts has potential for controlling larvae of Culex mosquitoes and can be incorporated into integrated mosquito management programme.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130183037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating Farmers’ Indigenous Knowledge of Insects, Crops and Livestock with Modern Protection Technology for Optimum Food Production 将农民对昆虫、作物和牲畜的本土知识与现代保护技术相结合，以实现最佳粮食生产

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.51

D. Enobakhare

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Selected Beauveria and Metarhizium Isolates Against the Common House Fly, Musca domestica L. [Diptera: Muscidae] 白僵菌和绿僵菌分离物对家蝇的防治效果[双翅目:蝇科]

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.01

R. M. Oyerinde, O. Soyelu, B. Odu

引用次数: 0

Influence of Vitellaria Paradoxa Gaertn Depletion on the Incidence, Abundance and Distribution of Cirina Forda Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Niger State, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔州褐飞虱耗损对褐飞虱发病率、丰度和分布的影响(鳞翅目:土蝇科

Nigerian Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.40

M. I. Muhammad, A. Ande

{"title":"Influence of Vitellaria Paradoxa Gaertn Depletion on the Incidence, Abundance and Distribution of Cirina Forda Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"M. I. Muhammad, A. Ande","doi":"10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.40","url":null,"abstract":"The pallid emperor moth, Cirina forda, is a prominent edible insect in Niger State but currently at great risk of extinction. The incidence, abundance and distribution of Cirina forda, was investigated for four consecutive seasons, i.e. May-June 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 to ascertain the effect of the depletion of its host plant, Shea butter trees, Vitellaria paradoxa. in Niger State, Nigeria. C. forda egg clusters located on the host plants were enumerated to ascertain the seasonal abundance by visual counting using hand lenses and binoculars (MARCO-model 750/8 m-988000 m). At each location, 100m2 land area in which three 10m2 portions were mapped as replicate sites, were investigated for host plant density, egg cluster abundance and distribution within three host plant canopy height ranges. The 41 locations in six Local Government Areas (LGAs) where C. forda occurred in Niger State in 2010 were investigated. The result indicated the GPS of each of the locations and showed that Niger state had a very rich but fast dwindling population of V. paradoxa. C. forda egg cluster abundance across the six LGAs showed Niger state as highly endowed but ephemeral and highly unpredictable, especially in terms of location where they occurred. The egg cluster abundance reduced drastically from 58.1± 12.1 and 56.1±24.1 egg cluster/host plant in 2010 and 2011, respectively to 41.3 ± 8.3 and 29.7 ±5.1 egg cluster/host plant in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, respectively. Locational similarities were observed in the trends of C. forda host plant density reduction and egg cluster abundance over the four cropping seasons and these were corroborated across the State. The decreasing densities of Shea butter trees was identified as posing serious threats to egg laying by C. forda. The possibility of the extinction of C. forda was identified as imminent and a conservation approach that stems the indiscriminate destruction of host tree, V. paradoxa (Shea butter trees) was proposed.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121045493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0