Project Report Series最新文献

{"title":"Economic Effects of Environmental Quality Change on Recreational Hunting in Northern Saskatchewan","authors":"Karen S. Morton, W. Adamowicz, P. Boxall","doi":"10.7939/R38V7M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R38V7M","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to provide some of the social values for the non-timber component of the Millar Western-NorSask Forest Mangement Licence Agreement. This study esimates the changes in the value of a recreational hunting experience as one, or a combination of several, of the following items change in the forest environment: i) road acecss; ii) game populations; iii) congestion; and iv) travel distance. There are several unique aspects of this study. It extends traditional contingent valuation analysis by evaluation multiple quality changes at once. A variation on the contingent valuation method, called the contingent behaviour method, was developed to examine these tradeoffs; the payment vehicle used in this model is travel cost. The data used in this study were obtained from two mail surveys if Saskatchewan hunters: one of whitetail deer hunters and one of moose hunters. Using these data, a binary choice random utility model was developed. Using information on logging-wildlife interactions, a simulation of six post-timber harvesting scenarios were created for zone 69 in the Millar Western-NorSask FMLA area and the annual and capitalized welfare impacts on hunters were calculated. The results show that an increase in the welfare of resident Saskatchewan whitetail deer and moose hunters can be expected from the harvesting of timber in the Forest Management License Agreement. The estimated annual increase in welfare ranged from $5799.54 to $18979.72 for whitetail deer hunteres and it ranged from $4247.22 to $19409.98 for moose hunters. The highest welfare impacts were obtained from scenarios where game populations were increased and congestion was decreased, suggesting that people may prefer avoiding areas with forestry operations unless the area offers increased hunting attributes (e.g. game).","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124613117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VALUE-ADDING 20 BILLION BY 2005: IMPACT AT THE ALBERTA FARM GATE","authors":"J. Unterschultz, S. Jeffrey, K. Quagrainie","doi":"10.7939/R39Z90C71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R39Z90C71","url":null,"abstract":"............................................................................................................................................ XVI","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127621717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value-Added Meat: Measuring Past Successes and Predicting Future Winners","authors":"E. Goddard, Craig Schram, Wenzhao Huang, J. Yang, L. Drescher","doi":"10.7939/R3GX44V97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3GX44V97","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock industries are significantly affected by changes in consumer behaviour. In order to add value to meat and livestock production, many firms and farms are supporting the development of new products – these products can differ by credence attribute, by degree of processing and by marketing strategies. The literature suggests that one of the most important determinants of success in product innovation is an understanding of the market the product is introduced into. In this report consumer preferences for meat products, by animal species including minor meats, and by type of processing are examined. Responses to economic variables such as price, advertising and income are identified as are responses to food safety and meat related health issues. Interesting results include the fact that income elasticities of demand for meat products purchased at grocery stores are negative in this study and that own and cross price elasticities for certain meats, across processing levels for example, show strong substitutions. Thus introducing new meat products may not result in increased sales by animal species but may only result in substitution of one meat type product for another product of the same meat type. Successful new product introductions or changes in product quality are shown, in this report, to be accompanied by significant marketing/advertising investment and, either by design or by serendipity, to have credence attributes in line with consumer's changing concerns. An example of this is the response in branded chicken sales, at the time of BSE in Canada, for a brand that could advertise itself as being 100% grain fed. Marketing strategies, such as working with the Health Check™ program of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada are shown to have an impact on firm level sales (as well as on sales at the individual product level), a halo effect, that may be of importance in the firm's development of other value-added products. Significant heterogeneity exists in consumer behaviour and it is important to recognize this heterogeneity in the development of value-added meat products. Added to the consumer heterogeneity, in general, is the heterogeneity in responses by meat type. What works for one sector, such as poultry, could be problematic in other sectors given differences in economic interrelationships reported in this study.","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116114153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and Return Analysis of Beef Feedlot Investments in Alberta","authors":"L. Bauer, G. Mumey, H. Coles","doi":"10.7939/R3057D311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3057D311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116938086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economics of Agricultural Chemical Use in Prairie Agriculture: Productivity and Environmental Impacts","authors":"T. Veeman, A. A. Fantino","doi":"10.7939/R3F76682M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3F76682M","url":null,"abstract":"The use of agricultural chemicals, particularly in crop production, has increased greatly in the prairie region of Western Canada. Pesticide use, chiefly the use of herbicides, increased 7.6 percent per year from 1948 to 1991, slowing down only after 1985 with depressed conditions in the grain economy. In this report, a general social assessment of the use of pesticides in prairie agriculture is attempted. The main focus is on the role of herbicides which are among the most important pesticides used in prairie agriculture. Implicit quantity indexes for both pesticide use and fertilizer use over time were constructed by dividing annual expenditures on these items by the corresponding price index. The relatively rapid growth in agricultural chemical use in prairie agriculture over the past four decades is clearly evident, especially in the period from 1971 to 1985. However, since 1985, pesticide use has been relatively stagnant. Partial productivity measures with respect to both pesticides and fertilizer were calculated. The average productivity of pesticides has generally declined over time, particularly since the early 1970s, as pesticide use accelerated and diminishing returns in pesticide use occurred. Aggregate production functions for prairie agriculture and the prairie crop sector were also estimated in which the role of the pesticide input was emphasized. The estimated crop output elasticities with respect to pesticide use range from 0.43 to 0.89 under different production function specifications over the time period from 1971 to 1991. The estimates, in general, imply a relatively high degree of responsiveness of output to pesticide use. However, it is difficult to accurately separate the effects of pesticides from the effects of other inputs, especially when pesticides are part of a wider and more intensive technological package. The major social benefits associated with pesticide use relate to gains in agricultural production and productivity, and they are evaluated in the study. Estimates in the literature indicate that considerable yield reductions would result from herbicide removal. Even if such yield losses are over-estimated, they appear to be significant. Among the social costs of pesticides are the private costs incurred by farm producers but also the possible external or spillover costs inflicted on humans and the environment. Our qualitative assessment of these external costs tends to suggest that the agricultural sector in Western Canada has a level of pesticide use that is low in comparison with intensive agriculture in other parts of the world, and a mix of herbicides with which minor, rather than major, health and environmental concerns are associated. - Nevertheless, the debate on the cost and benefits of pesticide use is far from settled. Recent developments in the literature cast doubts on the validity of traditional bioassays used to assess synthetic pesticide hazards. A possible area of concern which emerged in recent l","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131448620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Capital Formation in Subsistence Agriculture","authors":"L. P. Apedaile, A. Mainaly","doi":"10.7939/R3ZK55X2F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3ZK55X2F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Perceptions, Social Interactions and the Influence of Information on Social Attitudes to Agricultural Biotechnology","authors":"M. Veeman, W. Adamowicz, Wuyang Hu","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.24052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.24052","url":null,"abstract":"We assess Canadian’s risk perceptions for genetically modified (GM) food and probe influences of socio-economic, demographic and other factors impinging on these perceptions. An internet-administered questionnaire with two stated choice split-sample experiments that approximate market choices of individual grocery shoppers is applied to elicit purchase behavior from 882 respondents across Canada. Data are collected to assess the influence on respondents’ choices for a specific food product (bread) of 1) product information which varies in content and by source and 2) information provided through labeling. These data also enable: a) analysis of trade-offs made by consumers between possible risks associated with GM ingredients and potential health or environment benefits in food and b) assessment of influences on respondents’ search for/access of product information. We rigorously document the extent and type of variation in Canadian consumers’ attitudes and risk perceptions for a selected GM food. This is pursued in analysis of experiment 1) data using a latent class model to analyze 445 consumers’ choices for bread products. We identify four distinct groups of Canadian consumers: 51% (value seekers) valued additional health or environmental benefits and were indifferent to GM content; traditional consumers (14 %) preferred their normally-purchased food; fringe consumers (4%) valued the health attribute and could defer consumption. Another 32 % (anti-GM) strongly opposed GM ingredients in food irrespective of introduced attributes. Thus there is a dichotomy in Canadian attitudes to GM content in food: a small majority of the sample (55 per cent) perceive little or no risk from GM food, but this is strongly opposed by 46% of respondents. Differences in gender, number of children in the household, education, and age are associated with the likelihood of segment membership. We also report on the search for information on characteristics of the GM food by a sample of 445 respondents with opportunity for voluntary access to related information through hyperlinks in the survey. Slightly less than half actually sought such information. Gender, employment status, rural or urban residency and the number of children in the household all affected the probability that respondents would access information. A further research component examines product choices made in the context of two common GM labeling policies: mandatory and voluntary labeling. We find these two types of strategies to have distinctive impacts on consumers and on measures of social welfare. Knowledge of these may help policy makers to make more informed analyses of the alternative labeling policies. Specific findings also provide base-line measures of Canadians’ attitudes to risks of GM technology in the context of food and environmental risks, as well as documenting the importance of context influences and reference points on consumers’ preferences for GM food. We also develop methodologica","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133485188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GATT Liberalization and World Grain Markets: Potential and Constraints for Western Canada","authors":"M. Veeman, T. Veeman, Shiferaw Adilu","doi":"10.7939/R3SB4Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3SB4Z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133466612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Economic Evaluation of Woodland Caribou Conservation Programs in Northwestern Saskatchewan","authors":"M. Tanguay, W. Adamowicz, P. Boxall","doi":"10.7939/R32N4J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R32N4J","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the values Saskatchewan residents place on their Woodland Caribou conservation programs. Using contingent valuation methods, individual values for maintaining caribou numbers within Millar Western-NorSask Forest Management Licence agreement area were estimated. Using these value estimates, societal benefits were estimated for the implementation of a woodland caribou maintenance program within the forest licence agreement area. The data used in this study were collected using a mailout survey to Saskatchewan residents. Two contingent valuation formats were used, the opened ended willingness to pay and the dichotomous choice. A number of question structures were employed in order to judge the sensitivity of the valuation to the design. In all, 9 different versions of the contingent valuation question were used in a randomized design strategy. The resulting welfare measures for the implementation of the caribou maintenance program were somewhat variable. The open ended format produced the lowest estimates, while the dichotomous choice estimates were higher and showed a higher degree of variability. This variability may be due to the presence of the ordering or whole-part effects. The values elicited for the conservation program using the open ended approach average approximately $15.00 per person per year. These values, when aggregated over the provincial population, result in an annual benefit of the woodland caribou conservation program of about $10M. These are the most conservative of the estimates, suggesting that woodland caribou conservation is very important to Saskatchewan residents.","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124090059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Socio-Economic Evaluation of Recreational Whitetail Deer and Moose Hunting in Northwestern Saskatchewan","authors":"Karen S. Morton, W. Adamowicz, P. Boxall, W. Phillips, W. A. White","doi":"10.7939/R3KS6J690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7939/R3KS6J690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183610,"journal":{"name":"Project Report Series","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}