Materials Science eJournal最新文献

{"title":"DCECM/DBM-Radmscs Composite Scaffold Acts as a Biosynthetic Keratoprosthesis Skirt with High Biocompatability for Corneal Transplantation","authors":"Shu-yan Cheng, Yue Li, Yifei Huang, S. Zhang, Zhao Li, H. Zhang, Liqiang Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3849026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3849026","url":null,"abstract":"An ideal keratoprosthesis scaffold should have good mechanical property, high biocompatibility, suitable corrosion and wear resistance. Due to limitation of materials, the difference of tenacity between the keratoprosthesis and the cornea often causes the exposure of keratoprosthesis materials, which results in serious complications. The cartilage has the similar biological characteristics to the cornea, no blood vessels and has certain flexibility. Although using the auricular cartilage or rib cartilage to reinforce the keratoprosthesis has been proven greatly successful, it is not possible to be individually designed and idealized. It is urgent to design a biosynthetic material for cartilage replacement to deal with predicament. We prepared and combined the decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DCECM) and the decellularized bone matrix (DBM), added the rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rADMSCs) to construct a biosynthetic keratoprosthesis skirt. We asssessed the mechanical property, cell binding efficiency, safety and cytotoxicity, biocompatability and chondrogenic or osteogenic capacity of the DCECM/DBM-rADMSCs composite scaffold. Tests revealed the DCECM/DBM scaffold has proper elasticity, tenacity, and, is safe to cells. It’s observed that the DCECM/DBM-rADMSCs composite scaffold integrated into the recipient cornea without inflammation and rejection, while transplanted in the recipient cornea for 12 months. In particular, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are found inside and even around the scaffold. Hence, the DCECM/DBM-rADMSCs composite scaffold coule be a potential biosynthetic skirt for keratoprosthesis or a fixed supportive scaffold to reinforce the keratoprosthesis in the treatment of end-stage corneal blindness.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"324 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83389670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Comparison of Angiogenesis in Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials Reveals Matrix Porosity Regulates Endothelial Cell Invasion Speed and Sprout Diameter","authors":"William Y. Wang, Robert N. Kent III, Stephanie A. Huang, Evan H. Jarman, Eve H. Shikanov, Christopher D. Davidson, Harrison L. Hiraki, Daphne Lin, M. A. Wall, Jae-Won Shin, W. Polacheck, A. Shikanov, Brendon M. Baker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3793926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3793926","url":null,"abstract":"Vascularization of large, diffusion-hindered biomaterial implants requires an understanding of how extracellular matrix (ECM) properties regulate angiogenesis. Sundry biomaterials assessed across many disparate angiogenesis assays have highlighted ECM determinants that influence this complex multicellular process.&nbsp; However, the abundance of material platforms, each with unique parameters to model endothelial cell (EC) sprouting presents additional challenges of interpretation and comparison between studies. In this work we directly compared the angiogenic potential of commonly utilized natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels in a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform. Modulating matrix density of collagen and fibrin hydrogels confirmed prior findings that increases in matrix density correspond to increased EC invasion as connected, multicellular sprouts, but with decreased invasion speeds. Angiogenesis in synthetic DexVS hydrogels, however, resulted in fewer multicellular sprouts. Characterizing hydrogel Young’s modulus and permeability (a measure of matrix porosity), we identified matrix permeability to significantly correlate with EC invasion depth and sprout diameter. Although microporous collagen and fibrin hydrogels produced lumenized sprouts <i>in vitro</i>, they rapidly resorbed post-implantation into the murine epididymal fat pad. In contrast, DexVS hydrogels proved comparatively stable. To enhance angiogenesis within DexVS hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate cell-scale pores throughout the hydrogel. Microporous DexVS hydrogels resulted in lumenized sprouts <i>in vitro</i> and enhanced cell invasion in vivo . Towards the design of vascularized biomaterials for long-term regenerative therapies, this work suggests that synthetic biomaterials offer improved size and shape control following implantation and that tuning matrix porosity may better support host angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85932085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friedel Oscillations and Helium Bubble Ordering in Molybdenum","authors":"W. Geng, Q. Zhan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3758248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3758248","url":null,"abstract":"Helium ions implanted into metals can evolve into ordered bubbles isomorphic to the host lattice. Long-range elastic interaction is generally believed to drive the formation of bubble superlattice, but little is known about the thermodynamics at the very initial stage. Our first-principles calculations demonstrate that in molybdenum, Friedel oscillations induced by individual helium generate both potential barriers and wells for helium clustering at short He-He distances. Such repulsion and attraction at high concentration provide a thermodynamic diving force to assist lining up randomly distributed He atoms into ordered bubbles. Friedel oscillations might have general impact on solute-solute interactions in alloys.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75439354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dislocation Induced FCC Twins at the HCP/FCC Interfaces in a Deformed Ti-5Al Alloy: Experiments and Simulations","authors":"Hao Zhang, B. Wei, X. Ou, S. Ni, K. Zhou, M. Song","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new formation route for the face-centered cubic (FCC) twins at the hexagonal close-packed (HCP)/FCC interface in a deformed Ti-5at.%Al alloy. From the experimental results, an FCC band that orients in a prismatic-type (P-type) relationship with the HCP matrix is surrounded by a group of FCC lamellae that align in parallel and orient in a basal-type (B-type) orientation relationship within the HCP matrix. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals a local { } twinning relation between the FCC band and the FCC lamellae at their contacting boundaries. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that basal stacking faults (BSFs), which later evolve into the FCC lamella in a B-type OR with the HCP matrix, initiate from the misfit regions at the relaxed P-type HCP/FCC interfaces, which then provide the nucleation source for a full dislocation that continues to slip in the initial FCC grain. Repeating these two processes produce the { } twinning relation between the new-forming FCC lamella and the initial FCC grain. The lattice correspondence analysis further interprets the formation route for the { } twins proposed in the present study from the aspect of crystal geometry.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80453546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superelasticity Preservation in Dissimilar Joint of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy to Biomedical PtIr","authors":"A. Shamsolhodaei, J. P. Oliveira, B. Panton, B. Ballesteros, N. Schell, Y.N. Zhou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3739623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3739623","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Laser microwelding was used to join, for the first time, superelastic NiTi to biomedical PtIr which can be used in multicomponent biomedical devices. By process optimization, it was possible to control the formation of the B2 NiTiPt, with no intermetallic compounds being formed. The NiTiPt phase inside the fusion zone had a strong metallurgical bonding with the NiTi base material due to the smooth transition of its grain orientation towards B2 NiTi. The major finding of the present work is the preservation of the NiTi superelastic response in the welded joint as evidenced by the load/unloading cycling up to 6 % strain, significantly higher than typically required for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78665596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the β\"→ β' Transition in an Al-Mg-Si Alloy","authors":"V. Noseda Grau, A. Cuniberti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3721066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3721066","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed experimental study of the processes involved in the transition between the β” and β’ metastable phases in an Al-Mg-Si is presented. Measurements were performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Vickers microhardness (Hv). A combination of isothermal and non-isothermal heat treatments, aimed to study the transition to β’ with different degrees of transformed fraction of β”, were applied.  Due to the proximity and overlapping of the events, the techniques of DSC and Hv for non-isothermal treatments were combined in order to obtain a better description. The obtained results were also related to the evolution observed for isothermal treatments, making the results independent of the heating rate. The results showed the presence of a dissolution in the transition β”→ β’, that this dissolution corresponds to the (at least partial) dissolution of the β” phase and that it is always present in the transition.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74259441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of Antiresonance Three-Mass Vibratory Machine With a Vibration Exciter in the Form of a Passive Auto-Balancer","authors":"V. Yatsun, G. Filimonikhin, V. Pirogov, V. Amosov, P. Luzan","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.213724","url":null,"abstract":"A three-mass anti-resonance vibratory machine with a vibration exciter in the form of a passive auto-balancer has been analytically synthesized. In the vibratory machine, platforms 1 and 2 are visco-elastically attached to platform 3. Platform 3 is visco-elastically attached to the base. The motion of loads relative to the auto-balancer housing is hindered by the forces of viscous resistance. A theoretical study has shown that the vibratory machine possesses three resonance frequencies and three corresponding forms of platforms' oscillations. Values for the parameters of supports that ensure the existence of an anti-resonance form of motion have been analytically selected. Under an anti-resonance form, platform 3 is almost non-oscillating while platforms 1 and 2 oscillate in the opposite phase. In the vibratory machine, platform 1 can be active (working), platform 2 will then be reactive (a dynamic vibration damper), and vice versa. At the same time, the vibratory machine will operate when mounting a vibration exciter both on platform 1 and platform 2. An anti-resonance form would occur when the loads get stuck in the vicinity of the second resonance frequency of the platforms' oscillations. Given the specific parameters of the vibratory machine, numerical methods were used to investigate its dynamic characteristics. Numerical calculations have shown the following for the case of small internal and external resistance forces in the vibratory machine: ‒ theoretically, there are seven possible modes of load jam; ‒ the second (anti-resonance) form of platform oscillations is theoretically implemented at load jamming modes 3 and 4; ‒ jamming mode 3 is locally asymptotically stable while load jamming mode 4 is unstable; ‒ for the loads to get stuck in the vicinity of the second resonance frequency, one needs to provide the vibratory machine with the initial conditions close to the jamming mode 3, or smoothly accelerate the rotor to the working frequency; ‒ the dynamic characteristics of the vibratory machine can be controlled in a wide range by changing both the rotor speed and the external and internal forces of viscous resistance. The results reported here are applicable for the design of anti-resonance three-mass vibratory machines for general purposes","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78937303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibiting Stress Corrosion Cracking by Removing Corrosion Products from the Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy Pre-Exposed to Corrosion Solutions","authors":"E. Merson, V. Poluyanov, P. Myagkikh, D. Merson, A. Vinogradov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3714499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3714499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Magnesium and its alloys are susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC), which can manifest itself during the slow-strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing in air if the specimens were pre-exposed to corrosive media. This phenomenon is generally associated with hydrogen embrittlement (HE) which is believed to be related to diffusible hydrogen penetrating into the metal during the pre-exposure. In the present study, we show that the corrosion product layer deposited on the surface of the pre-exposed specimens is crucial in the SCC mechanism. The specimens of the alloy ZK60 were SSRT tested in air, in corrosive media, in air after pre-exposure to corrosive media as well as after pre-exposure and removal of corrosion products. To vary the severity of SCC, four NaCl-based corrosion solutions were utilised. The embrittlement resulted in a marked decrease in ductility and the concurrent appearance of multiple side-surface cracks as well as brittle fragments on the fracture surface. The most striking finding of the present study is that the removal of corrosion products from the surface of the pre-exposed specimens results in complete recovery of the mechanical response and in the elimination of all harmful embrittling features regardless of the corrosive solution used. This effect is found to be inconsistent with the common viewpoint where the SCC mechanism is governed entirely by diffusible hydrogen. The obtained results shed new light on the role of diffusible hydrogen, corrosion products and irreversible corrosion damage in the SCC mechanism of Mg alloys pre-exposed to corrosive media.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78489265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Hydrocracking of Synthetic Polymers into Grid-Compatible Gas Streams","authors":"Wei-Tse Lee, Felix D. Bobbink, Antoine P. van Muyden, Kun-Han Lin, C. Corminboeuf, R. Zamani, P. Dyson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3696768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3696768","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The use of methane as one of the cleanest energy sources has attracted significant public awareness, and methane production processes with less environmental impact than fracking are receiving considerable attention. Catalytic hydrocracking of plastic materials has been considered a potential clean alternative. However, catalysts that convert heterogeneous plastic feeds into a single product under industrially relevant conditions are lacking. Here, we describe a Ru-modified zeolite that catalytically transforms polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene into grid-compatible methane (>97% purity), at 300°C–350°C using near-stoichiometric amounts of H2. Mechanistic studies reveal a chain-end initiation process with limited isomerization of plastic substrates. A Ru site-dominant mechanism is proposed based on these studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations. We foresee that such a plastic-to-methane process may increase the intelligent use of plastic waste via energy recovery. There is also the potential to accommodate emerging sustainable H2 production into existing natural gas networks, while integrating waste management, fuel production, and energy storage.","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89592682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Formulation for Light Stabilizers To Protect Dyed Cotton Knitted Fabrics Against Light","authors":"O. Semeshko, Yulia Saribyekova, T. Asaulyuk, Nataliia Skalozubova, S. Myasnikov","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.211495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.211495","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical planning of the experiment was used to develop a formulation for light stabilizers to improve the lightfastness of cotton knitwear coloration, dyed with active dyes, in order to produce comfortable and high-quality knitted clothes. The variance and factor analyses of the experiment's results were performed, which was carried out according to the scheme of the Latin cube of the first order involving the variation of factors – the type of light stabilizers and their concentration. The technological mode of application of light stabilizers implied the impregnation of knitted fabric, drying, and thermal fixation of the material. For the dyed knitwear samples, we have investigated the individual influence of light stabilizers on changing the color of the dyed knitted fabric and the kinetics of coloration photodegradation. The samples were insolated using the device with mercury-tungsten lamp RF 1201 BS (\"REFOND\", China). Following the treatment and insolation, the general color differences of knitwear samples were determined in comparison with the non-treated material, using the TCR-200 colorimeter (\"PCE Instruments\", Germany). The effectiveness of the developed formulation for light stabilizers was confirmed in the study of the lightfastness of knitted fabrics such as pique weave, 1+1 eraser, smooth surface, dyed with active dyes of the brand Bezaktiv (\"CHT Bezema\", Czech Republic). The result of our study is the developed formulation of light stabilizers consisting of 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, a UV-absorber, and hydroquinone, an antioxidant, at concentrations of 2 and 1 % of the material weight, respectively, which ensures an increase in the lightfastness of cotton knitwear coloration by 52.9‒66.8 % regardless of weave and active dye","PeriodicalId":18341,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science eJournal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83281074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}