Ali Almarzooqi, M. Alhusin, I. Nikolakakos, A. Husnain, Hamad Albeshr
{"title":"Improved NaS Battery State of Charge Estimation by Means of Temporal Fusion Transformer","authors":"Ali Almarzooqi, M. Alhusin, I. Nikolakakos, A. Husnain, Hamad Albeshr","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078625","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of the grid is being challenged by the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources for green and diversified power generation, as well as for the reduction of CO2 emissions. The installation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) to support intermittent and variable renewable energy generation is a promising solution and Sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries have shown an outstanding performance for energy-intensive and high utilization BESS solutions due to their low cost and long lifecycles. The ability to accurately estimate the battery’s state of charge (SOC) at all potential utilization scenarios is a critical element of the effective BESS operation. Despite the considerable number of studies available on the SOC estimation of lithium-ion BESS for improved battery management systems (BMS), there is scarcely any literature about the challenges and methods for the SOC estimation of NaS batteries. This work highlights the challenge of reliable SOC assessment in NaS BESS by means of a pulse charge/discharge test, introduces a methodology to refine the SOC values collected from an associated BMS / SCADA system and proposes a data-driven approach for the corresponding SOC estimation using a Temporal Fusion Transformer model. After the application of hyper-parameter tuning, this state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) model demonstrates an R-square (R2) value of 0.997, which is superior to the R2 of 0.987 achieved by a recurrent neural network / long short-term memory (RNN/LSTM) DL architecture.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114706224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emran Altamimi, Abdulaziz Al-Ali, Q. Malluhi, A. Al-Ali
{"title":"Energy Theft Detection Using the Wasserstein Distance on Residuals","authors":"Emran Altamimi, Abdulaziz Al-Ali, Q. Malluhi, A. Al-Ali","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078584","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of electricity theft improves the sustainability of the smart grid, helps electrical utilities mitigate their financial risks, and improves the overall management of resources. In this work, we utilize an LSTM neural network to forecast a given day’s energy consumption and construct residuals. The residuals are then compared to previous residuals from normal days using the Wasserstein distance. If the Wasserstein distance for the residuals of a day exceeds a threshold, the day is highlighted to indicate suspected energy theft. Our framework can be built upon existing forecasting models with minimal computational overhead to calculate the Wasserstein distance. The framework is also highly explainable, which reduces the cost of false positives significantly. Our framework was evaluated using a public dataset and was able to detect six attack models of energy theft and faulty meters, with a false positive rate of 9% and an average F1 score of 0.91.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117159147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact Analysis of DoS attacks on Different MAS Control architectures in Cyber-Physical Testbed","authors":"Kalinath Katuri, Ha Thi Nguyen, E. Anagnostou","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078661","url":null,"abstract":"The constant integration of distributed energy re-sources (DER) and smart devices with advanced communication features have not only transformed the power grid into a cyber-physical system (CPS) but has also proven the constant risks associated with vulnerabilities from each of these devices. These changes in addition to the complex communication security of the power grid have resulted in the raise of cyberattacks on the power grid. Through this research, a CPS testbed with two different multi-agent systems (MAS) based secondary control architectures is developed in the real-time environment using RTDS to analyze the impact of different cyberattacks on the power systems. For the cyber layer implementation, multiple single-board computers (SBC) are used. With the help of an over-voltage relay in the Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) setup, the physical impacts of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on both centralized and distributed control architectures are studied. The results have shown that the distributed MAS architecture is more resilient to the DoS attacks and the system has managed to reach stable operation even while under attack.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays using Numerical Iterative Method","authors":"Oluwatimilehin Adeosun, V. Cecchi","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078545","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an emphasis on improving the resiliency of the power grid by decentralizing power generation and developing self-healing grids. Despite its potential to enhance distribution system resiliency, increased integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), both generation and storage, in the distribution network presents significant challenges. One of these challenges is the possible misoperation of the traditional distribution protection system; for example, false tripping can occur due to bidirectional power flow and change in network topology. A study of the protection system has become an indispensable part of the decentralization of energy generation; in order to maintain the reliability and security of the network, there is a need to modify the protection system in terms of its elements and their coordination. This paper focuses on improving the coordination of protection devices in a distribution network with DERs and presents a mathematical formulation to coordinate directional overcurrent relays. Time Dial Settings (TDS) and pickup current are first solved by a linearized-iteration method. Then, a particle swarm optimization-based approach is presented to determine these coordination settings such that the minimum relay operating time is achieved. Both approaches are tested on a distribution test system and simulated on a virtual real-time environment","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126965029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defense-in-Depth Framework for Power Transmission System against Cyber-Induced Substation Outages","authors":"Kush Khanna, G. Ravikumar, M. Govindarasu","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078481","url":null,"abstract":"The energy revolution is primarily driven by the adoption of advanced communication technologies that allow for the digitization of power grids. With the confluence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), energy systems are entering the larger world of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Cyber threats are expected to grow as the attack surface expands, posing a significant operational risk to any cyber-physical system, including the power grid. Substations are the electricity transmission systems’ most critical assets. Substation outages caused by cyber-attacks produce widespread power outages impacting thousands of consumers. To plan and prepare for such rare yet high-impact occurrences, this paper proposes an integrated defense-in-depth framework for power transmission systems to reduce the risk of cyber-induced substation failures. The inherent resilience of physical power systems assesses cyber-attacks’ impact on critical substations. The presented approach integrates the physical implications of substation failures with cyber vulnerabilities to analyze cyber-physical risks holistically. The framework is simulated and validated for an IEEE 14-bus system.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130275973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica L. Wert, F. Safdarian, Alex Gonce, Thomas Chen, Dalton Cyr, T. Overbye
{"title":"Wind Resource Drought Identification Methodology for Improving Electric Grid Resiliency","authors":"Jessica L. Wert, F. Safdarian, Alex Gonce, Thomas Chen, Dalton Cyr, T. Overbye","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078708","url":null,"abstract":"Essential to power systems operation and resilience is having sufficient generation in the system to supply demand plus transmission losses. With increasing penetration of wind power in electric grids, the variable nature of wind as a resource means that extended periods of abnormally low wind power availability (wind resource droughts) could compromise that system’s resilience. This paper presents a methodology for identifying wind resource droughts in electric grids. The methodology presented in this paper leverages hourly historic wind speed data from 1973 to 2022 with U.S. generator data from 2021 to determine historic wind power availability. The distribution of historic data is then used to help identify wind resource droughts. Examples are presented for states with high integration of wind generation in the United States such as California and Texas.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamzeh Davarikia, Faycal Znidi, M. Barati, Heena Rathore
{"title":"A New Index based on Power Splitting Indices for Predicting Proper Time of Controlled Islanding","authors":"Hamzeh Davarikia, Faycal Znidi, M. Barati, Heena Rathore","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078684","url":null,"abstract":"In the event of large disturbances, the practice of controlled islanding is used as a last resort to prevent cascading outages. The application of the strategy at the right time is crucial to maintaining system security. A controlled islanding strategy may be deployed efficiently at the right time by predicting the time of uncontrolled system splitting. The purpose of this study is to predict the appropriate islanding time to prevent catastrophic blackout and uncontrolled islanding based on existing relationships between coherent generator groups. A new instability index is derived from the proximity of inter-area oscillations to power splitting indices. Power splitting indices are derived using synchronization coefficients, which recognize the conditions in the system that warrant controlled islanding. The critical values of indices are calculated in offline mode using simulation data from IEEE 39-Buses, and their online performance is evaluated following a controlled islanding strategy. Through the introduction of these indices, system degradation can be effectively evaluated, and blackouts can be predicted early and prevented by controlled islanding at the right time.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125437398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TPEC 2023 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/tpec56611.2023.10078462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpec56611.2023.10078462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122326150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Hosseinpour, Mohammad MansourLakouraj, Mohammed Ben-Idris, H. Livani
{"title":"Large-signal Stability Analysis of Inverter-based Microgrids via Sum of Squares Technique","authors":"Hadi Hosseinpour, Mohammad MansourLakouraj, Mohammed Ben-Idris, H. Livani","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078586","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the penetration of low inertia inverter-based resources in power systems creates new system stability challenges and requires sophisticated stability assessment tools. One of the practical tools for large-signal stability assessment is determining the system region of stability (ROS)—i.e., the portion of the system state space where variable trajectories converge to a stable equilibrium point. In contrast to time-domain simulation methods, Lyapunov function-based methods are fast and can measure system stability margin from the ROS. This paper proposes a sum of squares (SOS) technique to determine large-signal stability regions of inverter-based microgrids using the Lyapunov function. An accurate dynamic model of grid-connected inverter-based resources is applied for the state-space model of the network. The Lyapunov function is constructed based on the sum of squares method by SOSTOOL. In comparison to Krasovskii’s method, the stability region created by the SOS method is found more accurate. Two scenarios—a changing load event and an adjustment to the inverter control—are analyzed in the stability region assessment.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116136425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Isolated DC-DC Converters for Applications in Data Center Power Delivery","authors":"S. Rahman, Halah Shehada, I. Khan","doi":"10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC56611.2023.10078490","url":null,"abstract":"Ever-increasing digital connectivity coinciding with the advent of Industry 4.0 has significantly increased the need for reliable, safe, and fast-processing data centers. The reliability aspect of these data centers majorly depends upon the continuity and quality of electrical power powering these centers. Although individual server racks are rated for a few kWs, their cumulative rating can reach MWs for typical data centers. Typically, these data centers are powered from medium voltage lines and require a rigid, efficient, and fast-responding power delivery architecture to supply electronic loads operating at very low voltages. To achieve the desired performance, power-electronic converter switching at high-frequency (in the range of 100s of kHz to MHz) is employed, thereby optimizing the component size and the overall power density of the converter. In the last decade, novel and efficient dc-dc converters employing wide-bandgap devices of SiC/GaN (Silicon Carbide/Gallium Nitride) have been proposed and commercialized for potential application in renewable energy integration and electric vehicle charging. This paper attempts to analyze these potentially isolated dc-dc converters for data center applications. The potential opportunities capable of improving efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving power quality are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":183284,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115978463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}