McGill Journal of Medicine最新文献_第4页

SARS-CoV-2 Epitope Presentation by Class II HLA Genotypes Common in North American Populations: A Proposed Computational Approach for Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation 北美人群常见的II类HLA基因型的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型表位呈现：一种用于疫苗效力评估的计算方法

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v21i1.907

Laura Leclair, C. Polychronakos

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Epitope Presentation by Class II HLA Genotypes Common in North American Populations: A Proposed Computational Approach for Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation","authors":"Laura Leclair, C. Polychronakos","doi":"10.26443/mjm.v21i1.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v21i1.907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms between ethnic groups have been shown to play a role in the heterogeneity of response to SARS-CoV-2, in terms of COVID-19 disease severity and susceptibility, in addition to socioeconomic factors. It was predicted that this finding may extend to vaccine responsiveness.\u0000Purpose: To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first that aimed to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of four COVID-19 vaccines across North American ethnic groups, in terms of their ability to trigger CD4+ T cell help, based on class II HLA allele frequencies.\u0000Methods: Various databases including the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) were used in this computational approach. The number of peptide-HLA high-affinity pairs between the most common HLA II haplotypes and SARS-CoV-2 peptides in various vaccine types were retrieved and compared between ethnicities. From this, the efficiency of antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells was evaluated, a crucial component in the context of vaccination for cellular immunity and support in antibody generation.\u0000Results: Multiple discrepancies in vaccine effectiveness for ethnic minorities relative to the Caucasian group, overrepresented in vaccine clinical trials, were highlighted. Recommendations were issued in terms of which vaccine types could be most effective for particular ethnicities.\u0000Conclusion: There exists a genetic basis for differential responses to vaccines among ethnic groups in North America. However, given the multifactorial nature of vaccine responsiveness and limitations of computational methods, this study offers future research directions to undertake before the findings can be transferred to clinical and public health settings.","PeriodicalId":18292,"journal":{"name":"McGill Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

McGill Summer Research Bursary Program 麦吉尔夏季研究奖学金项目

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.1018

引用次数: 0

Abstracts from NeuroSymposium 2022 神经研讨会2022摘要

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.1014

引用次数: 0

5th Annual Integrative Psychiatry Conference 第五届综合精神病学年会

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.1000

引用次数: 0

Applied Theatre and Drama in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review 戏剧与戏剧在医学本科教育中的应用：一个范围综述

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.930

Bronte K. Johnston, Hartley Jafine

{"title":"Applied Theatre and Drama in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review","authors":"Bronte K. Johnston, Hartley Jafine","doi":"10.26443/mjm.v20i2.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v20i2.930","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thematic arts have been integrated throughout various undergraduate medical education programs to improve students’ clinical skills, knowledge, and behaviours to be clinically competent physicians. Applied theatre and drama use theatrical performances and exercises respectively to guide education. Several medical schools across Canada and the United States have incorporated applied theatre and drama within their curriculums, but there is currently no compilation of these initiatives. \u0000 \u0000Methods: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for scoping reviews, the two authors searched journal databases for articles pertaining to theatre/drama activities being used in undergraduate medical education in Canada and the United States; search terms revolved around applied theatre and undergraduate medical education. Twenty articles were read in full, 14 were included in this review. The articles were subjected to content analysis to understand how these studies connected with the CanMEDS framework to understand the impacts and merits of applied theatre and drama in undergraduate medical education.\u0000 \u0000Results: Content analyses generated three parent-categories of how theatre and drama can help medical students improve their communication skills, creative medical learning, and aid their professional development. These three categories touched upon all seven aspects of the CanMEDS framework, indicating the values of drama being included in medical education.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: This scoping review illustrates the intersections of thematic arts in undergraduate medical education by highlighting how applied theatre or drama activities connect to the entire CanMEDS framework. This review provides insights to current theatre and drama initiatives to aid medical faculty with their undergraduate medical curricula developments.","PeriodicalId":18292,"journal":{"name":"McGill Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Visual, Auditory, and Combined Cues on Human Movement and Brain Regions Involved in Perception Action 视觉、听觉和组合提示对人类运动和感知动作大脑区域的影响

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.928

K. Mate

{"title":"Effects of Visual, Auditory, and Combined Cues on Human Movement and Brain Regions Involved in Perception Action","authors":"K. Mate","doi":"10.26443/mjm.v20i2.928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v20i2.928","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sensory stimuli such as visual and auditory cues are important to perceive our surroundings accurately. The effects of visual, auditory, or combined cues to modulate human movements such as walking are well-reported in the neuroscience literature. To date, no comprehensive report has summarized these findings.\u0000Objective: The primary aim of this narrative review is to synthesize the literature on the interaction of visual, auditory, and combined cues of movement, as well as to present specific brain regions involved in perception-action.\u0000Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature of published scientific work was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Only English language articles that reported on visual, auditory, or combined cues and human movements were selected. Literature that included biofeedback was excluded.\u0000Results: The literature suggests that visual and auditory cues have the potential to induce deviation in human movements. The posterior superior temporal sulcus and mirror neuron networks are shown to be critical in multimodal sensory integration.\u0000Conclusion: This review presents some important theoretical models and outlines the brain regions involved in sensorimotor synchronization in human movement. Individual visual, auditory, or combined cues may have the potential to develop therapeutic interventions in the rehabilitation of movement disorders.","PeriodicalId":18292,"journal":{"name":"McGill Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42457514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acid Base Abnormalities 酸碱异常

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.885

Tharaniya Vallipuram

引用次数: 0

Effect of Perceived Weight Gain on Hormonal Contraception Choice for Women: A Review 体重增加对女性激素避孕选择的影响:综述

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.886

Joni K Roberts, Madelin Skinner, Arie To, Diane Cho

{"title":"Effect of Perceived Weight Gain on Hormonal Contraception Choice for Women: A Review","authors":"Joni K Roberts, Madelin Skinner, Arie To, Diane Cho","doi":"10.26443/mjm.v20i2.886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v20i2.886","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Background: Hormonal contraception plays a pivotal role in protecting against unintended pregnancies and has been developed to provide options that best fit women's lifestyles. However, negative perceptions can alter women's attitudes, which can prohibit the usage of hormonal contraception. This review aimed to collect information surrounding perceptions of hormonal contraception side effects, specifically weight gain and women's contraceptive choice. \u0000 \u0000Methods: 703 articles were found through searching three electronic databases; EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science, in addition to Google Scholar. Articles were included if they were published between 2009-2020, could be translated to English, included any form of hormonal contraception, and reported perceived weight gain. A total of 39 articles met the inclusion criteria and are included in the review. \u0000 \u0000Results: Within those articles, there were six overarching themes: (1) negative perception of weight gain, (2) fear of weight gain, (3) contraception decision based on obesity concerns, (4) avoidance and discontinuation of method due to concerns of weight gain, (5) limited contraceptive knowledge, and (6) lack of counseling. It was found that negative perceptions of weight gain influence women’s hormonal contraception perception and attitude. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Negative perceptions are derived from experience, misconception, and lack of knowledge, leading to fear, avoidance, or discontinuation. Understanding women's perceived weight gain and perception towards contraceptives can help assess its effect on women's choice of contraception. This information can aid health care professionals in educating and discussing methods that would best fit women and improve hormonal contraception adherence. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18292,"journal":{"name":"McGill Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpreting the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bridging Psychological and Sociological Perspectives 解读COVID-19大流行的影响:衔接心理学和社会学视角

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.905

E. G. Onal

{"title":"Interpreting the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bridging Psychological and Sociological Perspectives","authors":"E. G. Onal","doi":"10.26443/mjm.v20i2.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v20i2.905","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, sociologists and psychologists have been investigating the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet much of the social science literature regarding COVID-19 remains partial towards either the sociological or psychological perspective. To mitigate the effects of stigma and guilt, a holistic perspective that integrates sociological and psychological viewpoints needs development.\u0000The purpose of this article is to synthesize evidence on the social and psychological implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the author focuses on two key themes, stigma and guilt. The concept of guilt is emphasized by the psychological literature, while, on the other hand, the concept of stigma exists both in sociology and psychology, but tends towards sociological interpretations given its historical origin. Overall, the presence of stigma and excessive guilt are associated with decreased social compliance and increased mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000The author argues that social practices that focus on inclusiveness and preparedness towards mitigating the effects of stigma and guilt—while also complying with public health measures—are crucial for social compliance and increasing societal well-being.","PeriodicalId":18292,"journal":{"name":"McGill Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46100151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting self-care among youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus 促进1型糖尿病青年的自我保健

McGill Journal of Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.26443/mjm.v20i2.935

Laura Pinkham

引用次数: 0